Epstein Files Full PDF

CLICK HERE
Technopedia Center
PMB University Brochure
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education
teknopedia

  • Registerasi
  • Brosur UTI
  • Kip Scholarship Information
  • Performance
Flag Counter
  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. 318th Cyberspace Operations Group - Wikipedia
318th Cyberspace Operations Group - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from 8th Reconnaissance Group)

318th Cyberspace Operations Group
Group emblem
Active
  • 1943–1945
  • 2000 – present
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
Typegroup
RoleInformation operations
Part of67th Cyberspace Wing
BaseJoint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas
EngagementsChina Burma India Theater
Decorations
  • Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
  • Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Military unit
"8th Reconnaissance Group" redirects here. For 8th Reconnaissance Group (Provisional) of Eighth Air Force, see 25th Attack Group.

The 318th Cyberspace Operations Group is a United States Air Force information operations unit located at Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. The group was first activated during World War II as the 8th Photographic Reconnaissance Group. After training in the United States, the unit moved to the China-Burma-India Theater and engaged in hostilities until the end of the war. It returned to the United States in November 1945, and was inactivated at the port of embarkation.

The group was disbanded in 1947, but was reestablished in 1985 as the 318th Electronic Warfare Group, being renumbered to fit the Air Force's policy of numbering its operational groups and wings in a single series. It was activated in 2000 as the 318th Information Operations Group and received its current name in 2013.

Mission

[edit]

The mission of the 318th Group is to be an information warfare group, training and integrating advanced tactics, technologies, and tools arming America's warfighters with decisive information warfare combat power.[1]

Units

[edit]
  • 39th Information Operations Squadron[2]
The squadron conducts training on cyberspace operations, including operational security and deception at both the initial and advanced level.[2]
  • 90th Cyberspace Operations Squadron[3]
The squadron produces government of the shelf (GOTS) software in support of cyber operations.[4]
  • 318th Range Squadron[5]
The squadron designs, builds, and provides cyber ranges for test, training, mission rehearsal, and exercise.[6]
  • 346th Test Squadron[5]
The squadron tests, evaluates and assesses cyberspace capabilities for operational forces, national agencies, the acquisition community and Department of Defense agencies.[1]

History

[edit]

World War II

[edit]

The group was first activated at Peterson Field, Colorado as the 8th Photographic Reconnaissance Group on 1 October 1943, but was redesignated the 8th Photographic Group little more than a week later. Before the end of the month, group headquarters had moved to Gainesville Army Air Field, Texas. The group had no flying squadrons assigned,[a]and its personnel were trained to provide photographic intelligence for air and ground forces. In February 1944, the group headquarters left the United States for the China-Burma-India Theater.[7]

Group headquarters arrived in India at the end of March 1944, and in April established itself at Bally Seaplane Base. There it was assigned operational squadrons for the first time on 25 April:[7]

  • The 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron at Barrackpore Airfield, India and primarily equipped with Lockheed F-5 Lightnings[8]
  • The 20th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron at Kisselbari, India, but operating from Dinjan Airfield, India and primarily equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawks[9]
  • The 24th Combat Mapping Squadron at Guskhara Airfield, India and primarily equipped with Consolidated F-7 Liberators.[10]

Each of these squadrons maintained detachments of various sizes in India, Burma, and China and did not operate in squadron strength from a single base.[11]

F-5 Lightnings of the 40th Photo Reconnaissance Squadron

In July 1944, the 40th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron arrived in theater and its F-5 Lightnings were stationed at Guskhara Airfield.[12] The group's squadrons conducted photographic reconnaissance, photographic mapping, and visual reconnaissance missions. The products the group created included maps, mosaics, terrain models, and target charts of areas in Burma, China, French Indochina and Thailand. Group aircraft conducting armed reconnaissance missions bombed and strafed enemy installations and occasionally provided fighter escort for bombers.[7]

Shortly before the war's end, in June 1945, the group was redesignated the 8th Reconnaissance Group. It remained in India after V-J Day. Group headquarters and most elements departed in October 1945, while the 9th Squadron briefly remained behind in India. Upon arrival at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, the port of embarkation, the group was inactivated. It was disbanded on 6 March 1947.[13] In 1985, the group was reconstituted and redesignated the 318th Electronic Warfare Group, but was never active under that designation.[13]

Cyberspace operations

[edit]

The group was redesignated the 318th Information Operations Group and reactivated in August 2000.[13] The unit took the lead in developing information operations techniques, tactics and procedures for use by the combat air forces and other agencies.

The group emblem was approved on 1 August 2011.[14]

The group assumed its current designation in September 2013.[13]

Lineage

[edit]
  • Constituted as the 8th Photographic Reconnaissance Group on 15 September 1943
Activated on 1 October 1943
  • Redesignated 8th Photographic Group, Reconnaissance on 9 October 1943
  • Redesignated 8th Reconnaissance Group on 15 June 1945
inactivated on 5 November 1945
  • Disbanded on 6 March 1947
  • Reconstituted and redesignated 318th Electronic Warfare Group on 31 July 1985
  • Redesignated 318th Information Operations Group on 17 July 2000
Activated on 1 August 2000
  • Redesignated 318th Cyberspace Operations Group on 13 September 2013[13]

Assignments

[edit]
  • III Reconnaissance Command, 1 October 1943
  • 89th Reconnaissance Training Wing, 27 October 1943
  • Tenth Air Force, c. 31 March 1944
  • Army Air Forces, India-Burma Sector, China-Burma-India Theater (later Army Air Forces, India-Burma Theater), 18 July 1944
  • Army Service Forces, Port of Embarkation, c. 8 October – 5 November 1945
  • Air Force Information Operations Center (later 688th Information Operations Wing, 688th Cyberspace Wing), 1 August 2000 – unknown[13]
  • 67th Cyberspace Wing, 2018

Components

[edit]
An F-7 Liberator of the group's 24th Combat Mapping Squadron in India in 1945
Squadrons
  • 7th Photographic Technical Squadron: c. 1 Oct 1943 – 1944
Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma
  • 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 25 April 1944 – Oct 1945[13]
  • 20th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron; 25 April 1944 – Oct 1945[13]
  • 23d Information Operations Squadron: 1 August 2000 – c. 7 December 2011[1]
  • 24th Combat Mapping Squadron, 25 April 1944 – September 1945[13]
  • 34th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 9 October 1943 – 15 January 1944[15]
  • 39th Information Operations Squadron: 1 August 2000 – present[2]
Hurlburt Field, Florida
  • 40th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 18 July 1944 – 2 Nov 1945[13][12]
  • 90th Information Operations Squadron (later 90th Cyberspace Operations Squadron): 18 August 2009 – present[3]
  • 92d Information Warfare Aggressor Squadron (later 92d Information Operations Squadron): 1 November 2000 – unknown[16]
  • 315th Information Operations Squadron: 16 May 2005 – 12 June 2006[17]
  • 318th Range Squadron: C. 1 October 2019 – present[5]
  • 346th Test Squadron: 1 August 2000 – present[5]
  • 453d Electronic Warfare Squadron: c. 1 August 2000 – 5 August 2009[1]
Other
  • 2d Combat Camera Unit: attached c. 18 July 1944–26 October 1944[18]
  • 3d Photographic Technical Unit: 18 July 1944 – 5 November 1945[19]
  • 10th Combat Camera Unit: c. 25 April 1944 – 5 November 1945

Stations

[edit]
  • Peterson Field, Colorado, 1 October 1943
  • Gainesville Army Air Field, Texas, 26 October 1943 – 12 February 1944
  • Worli, India, 31 March 1944
  • Bally Seaplane Base, India, 15 April 1944 – 7 October 1945
  • Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 3 – 5 November 1945)
  • Lackland Air Force Base (later Joint Base San Antonio), Texas, 1 August 2000 – present[13]

Aircraft

[edit]
  • Lockheed F-5 Lightning (1944–1945)
  • North American F-6 Mustang (1945)
  • Consolidated F-7 Liberator(1944–1945)
  • Curtiss P-40 Warhawk (1943–1945)[13]

Awards and campaigns

[edit]
Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 August 2000-31 May 2002 318th Information Operations Group[13]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 June 2006-31 May 2008 318th Information Operations Group[13]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 June 2008-31 May 2009 318th Information Operations Group[13]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 18 August 2009-1 October 2010 318th Information Operations Group[13]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 2 October 2010-30 September 2011 318th Information Operations Group[13]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 October 2013-30 September 2014 318th Cyberspace Operations Group[13]
Air Force Organizational Excellence Award 1 June 2003-31 May 2004 318th Cyberspace Operations Group[13]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
India-Burma 31 March 1944–28 January 1945 8th Photographic Group[13]
China Defensive 31 Mar 1944–4 May 1945 8th Photographic Group[13]
Central Burma 29 January 1945–15 July 1945 8th Photographic Group (later 8th Reconnaissance Group)[13]

See also

[edit]
  • List of cyber warfare forces

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
Explanatory notes
  1. ^ Maurer lists the 34th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron as assigned in World War II Combat Squadrons of the USAF, pp. 165-66. However, neither Maurer in Combat Units of the Air Force in World War II, nor Lacomia list the 34th as assigned to the group, and the squadron was stationed at Will Rogers Field at the pertinent time, not with group headquarters at Gainesville.
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d "Library: Factsheets 318th Information Operations Group". Eighth Air Force Public Affairs. 21 April 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |archive-url= is malformed: timestamp (help)
  2. ^ a b c "Library: Factsheets 39th Information Operations Squadron". 1st Special Operations Wing Public Affairs. October 2008. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  3. ^ a b Lacomia, John M. (16 June 2015). "Factsheet 90 Information Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  4. ^ "'Bricks in the Loop' provides cyber Airmen an innovative, low-cost training option". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Library: Factsheets 67th Cyberspace Wing". Sixteenth Air Force Public Affairs. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  6. ^ "SAM.gov - Air Force Cyber Operational Testing, Engineering, and Range Support (AFCOTERS) II". Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Maurer, Combat Units, p. 48
  8. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 53
  9. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 108-109
  10. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 126-127
  11. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 53, 108-109, 126-127
  12. ^ a b Maurer, Combat Squadrons, 188-189
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Lacomia, John M. (22 September 2015). "Factsheet 318 Cyberspace Operations Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  14. ^ Lacomia, John M. (22 September 2015). "Factsheet 318 Cyberspace Operations Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  15. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 165-166
  16. ^ Scales, SSG Matthew H. (6 February 2012). "Factsheet 92 Information Operations Squadron (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  17. ^ Lacomia, John M. (15 July 2015). "Factsheet 315 Cyberspace Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  18. ^ Haulman, Daniel L. (30 April 2018). "Factsheet 2 Audiovisual Squadron (AFPAA)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  19. ^ Musser, James M. (8 July 2019). "Factsheet 3 Intelligence Squadron (AFISRA)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 8 December 2019.

Bibliography

[edit]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  • Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  • Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Air Combat Command (ACC)
Air Forces
  • First (Northern)
  • Ninth (Central)
  • Twelfth (Southern)
  • Fifteenth
  • Sixteenth (Cyber)
Emblem of Air Combat Command
Centers
  • 601st Air Operations
  • 609th Air Operations
  • 612th Air Operations
  • 616th Operations
  • Air Force Technical Applications
  • Cyberspace Capabilities
  • United States Air Force Warfare
Bases
  • Beale
  • Creech
  • Davis–Monthan
  • Grand Forks
  • Langley–Eustis (Langley)
  • Moody
  • Mountain Home
  • Nellis
  • Offutt
  • Seymour Johnson
  • Shaw
  • Tonopah
  • Tyndall
Wings
Composite
  • 23rd
  • 53rd
  • 55th
  • 57th
  • 355th
  • 432nd
Fighter
  • 1st
  • 4th
  • 20th
  • 325th
  • 366th
  • 388th
Cyberspace
  • 67th
  • 688th
Other
  • 9th Reconnaissance
  • 70th ISR
  • 93rd Air Ground Operations
  • 99th Air Base
  • 319th Reconnaissance
  • 363rd ISR
  • 461st Air Control
  • 480th ISR
  • 505th Command and Control
  • 552nd Air Control
  • 557th Weather
  • 633rd Air Base
  • v
  • t
  • e
United States Air Force Roundrel United States Air Force cyber units
Air Forces
  • 16 AF
Wings
Combat Communications
  • 689th
Information Operations
  • 688th
Network Warfare
  • 67th
Groups
Combat Communications
  • 3d
  • 5th
  • 201st
  • 226th
  • 254th
  • 281st
Cyberspace Engineering Installation
  • 38th
  • 251st
  • 253d
Information Operations
  • 318th
Network Operations
  • 26th
  • 50th
Network Support
  • 690th
Network Warfare
  • 67th
Squadrons
Combat Communications
  • 1st (USAFE)
  • 23d
  • 31st
  • 32d
  • 33d
  • 34th
  • 35th
  • 42d
  • 51st
  • 52d
  • 53d
  • 54th
  • 55th
  • 147th
  • 221st
  • 232d
  • 236th
  • 239th
  • 242d
  • 263d
  • 264th
  • 265th
  • 267th
  • 269th
  • 271st
  • 280th (AFSOC)
  • 282d
  • 283d
  • 291st
  • 292d
  • 293d
  • 644th (PACAF)
Combat Communications Support
  • 3d
  • 5th
Command and Control
  • 119th
  • 153d
  • 222d
Communications
  • 21st
  • 721st
Cyberspace Readiness
  • 38th
Engineering
  • 38th
Engineering Installation
  • 85th
  • 130th
  • 202d
  • 205th
  • 210th
  • 211th
  • 212th
  • 213th
  • 214th
  • 215th
  • 217th
  • 219th
  • 220th
  • 241st
  • 243d
  • 270th
  • 272d
Information Operations
  • 39th
  • 90th
  • 92d
Intelligence Support
  • 690th
Network Operations
  • 26th
  • 83d
  • 561st
Network Support
  • 690th
Network Warfare
  • 33d
  • 68th
  • 91st
  • 315th
  • 352d
  • 426th
Operations Support
  • 38th
Space Communications
  • 30th
  • 45th
  • 50th
  • 460th
Flights
Communications
  • 310th
  • 710th
Centers
  • 614 OC
  • 624 OC
  • v
  • t
  • e
Space Operations Command
Air Forces
  • Fourteenth (Strategic)
Centers
  • Space and Missile Systems
  • Space Innovation and Development
  • 614th Air and Space Operations
Bases
  • Buckley
  • Los Angeles
  • Patrick
  • Peterson
  • Schriever
  • Thule
  • Vandenberg
Stations
  • Cape Canaveral
  • Cape Cod
  • Cavalier
  • Cheyenne Mountain
  • Clear
  • Eldorado (closed)
  • Kaena Point
  • New Boston
  • Onizuka (closed)
Space wings
  • 21st
  • 30th
  • 45th
  • 50th
  • 310th
  • 460th
Air Base groups
  • 61st
  • 821st Air Base Group
Squadrons
Command and Control
  • 1st
  • 2d
  • 3d
  • 4th
  • 55th Mobile
  • 119th
  • 153d
  • 222d
  • 721st Mobile
Space Control
  • 1st
  • 4th
  • 16th
  • 20th
  • 25th
  • 76th
  • 380th
Space Launch
  • 1st
  • 2nd
  • 3d Space Launch Squadron
  • 4th
  • 5th
Space Operations
  • 1st
  • 2nd
  • 3rd
  • 4th
  • 5th
  • 6th
  • 7th
  • 8th
  • 9th
  • 19th
  • 21st
  • 22d
  • 23d
  • 111th
  • 148th
  • AFSPC
Space Warning
  • 2nd
  • 4th
  • 5th
  • 6th
  • 7th
  • 8th
  • 9th
  • 10th
  • 11th
  • 12th
  • 13th
  • 137th
  • 213th
Others
  • 26th Space Aggressor (AFRC)
  • 527th Space Aggressor (ACC)
  • 3d Space Communications
  • 50th Space Communications
  • 850th Space Communications
  • 1st Space Development Squadron
  • 2d Space Development Squadron
  • 3d Space Development Squadron
  • 3rd Space Experimentation
  • 1st Space Surveillance
  • 3d Space Surveillance
  • 5th Space Surveillance
  • 1st Air and Space Test
  • 2d Test Operations Squadron
  • 3d Space Test Squadron
  • 4th Space Test Squadron
  • 55th Space Weather
  • v
  • t
  • e
USAAF Tenth Air Force in World War II
Airfields
Burma
  • Bhamo
  • Myitkyina
  • Namponmao
  • Sahmaw
  • Tingkawk Sakan
India
  • Agartala
  • Asansol
  • Barrackpore
  • Chakulia
  • Chittagong
  • Dinjan
  • Dohazari
  • Dudhkundi
  • Dum Dum
  • Fenny
  • Guskhara
  • Hailakandi
  • Hathazari
  • Kalaikunda
  • Karachi
  • Ledo
  • Nagaghuli
  • Nawadih
  • Pandaveswar
  • Panagarh
  • Piardoba
  • Sookerating
  • Sylhet
  • Tezgaon
  • Tezpur
  • Tulihal
Units
Groups
Air Commando
  • 1st Air Commando
  • 2d Air Commando
Bombardment
  • 7th Bombardment
  • 12th Bombardment
  • 341st Bombardment
Combat Cargo
  • 1st Combat Cargo
  • 3d Combat Cargo
  • 4th Combat Cargo
Fighter
  • 23d Fighter
  • 33d Fighter
  • 51st Fighter
  • 80th Fighter
  • 81st Fighter
  • 311th Fighter
Reconnaissance
  • 8th Reconnaissance
Troop Carrier
  • 443d Troop Carrier
Squadrons
  • 24th Combat Mapping
  • 426th Night Fighter Squadron
  • 427th Night Fighter Squadron
  • United States Army Air Forces
  • First
  • Second
  • Third
  • Fourth
  • Fifth
  • Sixth
  • Seventh
  • Eighth
  • Ninth
  • Tenth
  • Eleventh
  • Twelfth
  • Thirteenth
  • Fourteenth
  • Fifteenth
  • Twentieth
  • v
  • t
  • e
United States Army Air Forces Third Air Force in World War II
Units
Commands
  • II Air Support Command
  • III Air Support Command
  • III Bomber Command
  • III Fighter Command
  • III Reconnaissance Command
  • III Tactical Air Command
Divisions
  • III Tactical Air Division
Wings
  • 8th Fighter Wing
  • 9th Fighter Wing
  • 40th Bombardment Wing
Groups
Air Commando
  • 2nd Air Commando
  • 3rd Air Commando
Bombardment
  • 3rd Bombardment
  • 12th Bombardment
  • 17th Bombardment
  • 21st Bombardment
  • 29th Bombardment
  • 30th Bombardment Group
  • 38th Bombardment
  • 44th Bombardment
  • 46th Bombardment
  • 47th Bombardment
  • 85th Bombardment
  • 88th Bombardment
  • 90th Bombardment
  • 91st Bombardment
  • 92nd Bombardment
  • 93rd Bombardment
  • 94th Bombardment
  • 95th Bombardment
  • 97th Bombardment
  • 98th Bombardment
  • 99th Bombardment
  • 100th Bombardment
  • 309th Bombardment
  • 310th Bombardment
  • 312th Bombardment
  • 319th Bombardment
  • 320th Bombardment
  • 321st Bombardment
  • 322d Bombardment
  • 323d Bombardment
  • 335th Bombardment
  • 336th Bombardment
  • 340th Bombardment
  • 344th Bombardment
  • 345th Bombardment
  • 386th Bombardment
  • 387th Bombardment
  • 391st Bombardment
  • 394th Bombardment
  • 396th Bombardment
  • 397th Bombardment
  • 409th Bombardment
  • 410th Bombardment
  • 411th Bombardment
  • 416th Bombardment
  • 417th Bombardment
  • 418th Bombardment
  • 451st Bombardment
  • 454th Bombardment
  • 463rd Bombardment
  • 483rd Bombardment
  • 488th Bombardment
Fighter
  • 20th Fighter
  • 31st Fighter
  • 49th Fighter
  • 50th Fighter
  • 53rd Fighter
  • 54th Fighter
  • 56th Fighter
  • 59th Fighter
  • 79th Fighter
  • 80th Fighter
  • 81st Fighter
  • 84th Fighter
  • 85th Fighter
  • 311th Fighter
  • 332nd Fighter
  • 337th Fighter
  • 338th Fighter
  • 339th Fighter
  • 361st Fighter
  • 369th Fighter
  • 372nd Fighter
  • 404th Fighter
  • 405th Fighter
  • 408th Fighter
  • 414th Fighter
  • 506th Fighter
Fighter-Bomber
  • 27th Fighter-Bomber
  • 48th Fighter-Bomber
  • 86th Fighter-Bomber
  • 406th Fighter-Bomber
  • 407th Fighter-Bomber
Reconnaissance
  • 2d Reconnaissance
  • 9th Reconnaissance
  • 10th Reconnaissance
  • 26th Reconnaissance
  • 65th Reconnaissance
  • 67th Reconnaissance
  • 68th Reconnaissance
  • 69th Reconnaissance
  • 70th Reconnaissance
  • 75th Reconnaissance
  • 77th Reconnaissance
  • 423d Reconnaissance
  • 424th Reconnaissance
  • 426th Reconnaissance
  • United States Army Air Forces
  • First
  • Second
  • Third
  • Fourth
  • Fifth
  • Sixth
  • Seventh
  • Eighth
  • Ninth
  • Tenth
  • Eleventh
  • Twelfth
  • Thirteenth
  • Fourteenth
  • Fifteenth
  • Twentieth
Retrieved from "https://teknopedia.ac.id/w/index.php?title=318th_Cyberspace_Operations_Group&oldid=1335869828"
Categories:
  • Groups of the United States Air Force
  • Military units and formations in Texas
  • Information operations units of the United States Air Force
Hidden categories:
  • CS1 errors: archive-url
  • Use dmy dates from August 2019
  • Use American English from December 2019
  • All Wikipedia articles written in American English
  • Articles with short description
  • Short description matches Wikidata
  • Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  • indonesia
  • Polski
  • العربية
  • Deutsch
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
  • Italiano
  • مصرى
  • Nederlands
  • 日本語
  • Português
  • Sinugboanong Binisaya
  • Svenska
  • Українська
  • Tiếng Việt
  • Winaray
  • 中文
  • Русский
Sunting pranala
url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url
Pusat Layanan

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id