Action of 1 May 1781

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Action of 1 May 1781

Part of the American War of Independence

Date	1 May 1781
Location	210 miles (340 km) off Brest, France
Result	British victory

Belligerents

Spain

Great Britain

Commanders and leaders

Don Francisco Winthuysen

Sir George Collier

Strength

1 frigate
Santa Leocadia 40 guns (reduced to 34)

1 ship of the line
HMS Canada 74 guns

Casualties and losses

1 frigate captured
80 killed
106 wounded^[1]
200 captured

13 casualties^[2]

American
Revolutionary War:
European & Atlantic Waters

Battles involving Spain in the American Revolutionary War
1779–1783

Europe and Atlantic

Gulf Coast

Louisiana and Northwest Territory

Central America

West Indies

The action of 1 May 1781 was a naval engagement nearly 210 miles off the Port of Brest in which HMS Canada, a 74-gun third rate of the Royal Navy under Captain George Collier chased, intercepted and captured the 40-gun Spanish frigate Santa Leocadia, captained by Don Francisco Wenthuisen.^[3]

Battle

On 30 April, the 74-gun ship HMS Canada, Captain Sir George Collier, having been detached by Vice-Admiral George Darby, commander-in-chief of the Channel Fleet, to watch the port of Brest, discovered a squadron of small ships. The squadron dispersed on her approach, upon which Canada chased the largest, the Santa Leocadia. After a pursuit of 210 miles (340 km), the Canada overtook the Santa Leocadia on the morning of 1 May.

After a running fight, which lasted up to an hour and a half, and in heavy seas which prevented the Canada from opening her lower deck ports, the frigate surrendered. She had suffered heavy casualties, with 80 men killed and 106 wounded (nearly half her complement), including her captain, Don Francisco Wenthuisen, who lost an arm.^[2] The Canada had one of the trunnions of a lower deck gun shot off and suffered ten casualties.

What was remarkable about Santa Leocadia is that she was noted before the battle as being a remarkably fast-sailing ship. The discovery that she was coppered when she was captured came in some ways as a surprise. It was now known to the British Admiralty that other navies had decided to copper their ships as well as the Royal Navy. The Santa Leocadia was the first in the Spanish service that was coppered, and she was added to the British navy under the same name.^[4]

References

Citations

^ 3Decks - Santa-Leocadia
^ ^a ^b Laughton p. 340
^ Allen pp. 313–314
^ Allen p. 314

Bibliography

Laughton, J. K. (1887). "Collier, George" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 11. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Allen, Joseph, Battles of the British navy, Volume 1 H. G. Bohn London,(1852)

External links

3Decks - Santa-Leocadia

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