Sensory nerve

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Sensory nerve

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(Redirected from Afferent nerves)

Sensory nerve
Details
Identifiers
Latin	nervus sensorius
TA98	A14.2.00.022
TA2	6132
FMA	5868
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

A sensory nerve, or afferent nerve, is an anatomic term for a nerve that contains exclusively afferent nerve fibers.^[1] Nerves containing also motor fibers are called mixed. Afferent nerve fibers in a sensory nerve carry sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS) from different sensory receptors of sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

A motor nerve carries information from the CNS to the PNS.

Afferent nerve fibers link the sensory neurons throughout the body, in pathways to the relevant processing circuits in the central nervous system.^[2]

Afferent nerve fibers are often paired with efferent nerve fibers from the motor neurons (that travel from the CNS to the PNS), in mixed nerves. Stimuli cause nerve impulses in the receptors and alter the potentials, which is known as sensory transduction.^[3]

Spinal cord entry

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Afferent nerve fibers leave the sensory neuron from the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, and motor commands carried by the efferent fibers leave the cord at the ventral roots. The dorsal and some of the ventral fibers join as spinal nerves or mixed nerves.

Nerve damage

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Damage to the sensory nerve causes a wide range of symptoms because of the number of functions performed by the nerve. Traumatic injuries and other damages to the sensory nerves may lead to peripheral neuropathy, with problems such as reduced position sense causing poorer coordination and balance, in addition to reduced sensitivity to temperature change and pain, leading to further problems.

The ability to feel pain or changes in temperature can be affected by damage to the fibers in the sensory nerve. This can cause a failure to notice injuries such as a cut or that a wound is becoming infected. There may also be a lack of detection of heart attacks or other serious conditions. The lack of detection of pain and other sensations is a particularly large problem for those with diabetes, which contributes to the rate of lower limb amputations among this population. Overall, the poor sensation and detection may lead to changes in skin, hair, joint, and bone damage over the years for many people.

References

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^ "Foundational Model of Anatomy - Sensory nerve - Classes | NCBO BioPortal". bioportal.bioontology.org. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
^ Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E., eds. (2012). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.: Sinauer Associates, Inc. ISBN 978-0-87893-695-3.
^ Carlson, Neil R. (2014). Physiology of Behaviour (11th ed.). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 9780205239399.

External links

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"Sensory nerve" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Peripheral Neuropathy from the US NIH
Neuropathy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments from Medical News Today
Peripheral Neuropathy at the Mayo Clinic

Nervous tissue

CNS

Tissue Types

Cell Types

Neuronal	Pyramidal Purkinje Granule Von Economo Medium spiny Interneuron
Glial	Astrocyte Ependymal cells Tanycyte Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell Oligodendrocyte Microglia

PNS

General	Dorsal Root Ganglion Ramus Ventral Root Ramus Ramus communicans Gray White Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers Postganglionic nerve fibers) Nerve fascicle Funiculus
Connective tissues	Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium
Neuroglia	Myelination: Schwann cell Neurilemma Myelin incisure Node of Ranvier Internodal segment Satellite glial cell

Neurons/
nerve fibers

Parts

Soma	Axon hillock
Axon	Telodendron Axon terminals Axoplasm Axolemma Neurofibril/neurofilament
Dendrite	Nissl body Dendritic spine Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite

Types

Afferent nerve fiber/
Sensory neuron

Efferent nerve fiber/
Motor neuron

Termination

Synapse	Electrical synapse/Gap junction Chemical synapse Synaptic vesicle Active zone Postsynaptic density Autapse Ribbon synapse Neuromuscular junction
Sensory receptors	Meissner's corpuscle Merkel nerve ending Pacinian corpuscle Ruffini ending Muscle spindle Free nerve ending Nociceptor Olfactory receptor neuron Photoreceptor cell Hair cell Taste receptor

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Category:

Sensory systems

Hidden categories:

Spinal cord entry

Nerve damage

See also

References

External links