Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt

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Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt - Wikipedia

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Al Ashraf Musa
الأشرف موسى

Sultan of Egypt

Reign

1250–1254

Predecessor

Izz ad-Din Aybak

Successor

Izz ad-Din Aybak

Regent

Izz ad-Din Aybak
(1250–1254)

Born

unknown

Died

after 1254

Names
Al-Ashraf Musa

Dynasty

Ayyubid

Father

Al Masoud ibn Al Kamel

Religion

Sunni Islam

Al-Ashraf Muzaffar ad-Din Musa (Arabic: الأشرف مظفر الدين موسى) was the last, albeit titular, Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt as the puppet of Izz ad-Din Aybak.

Origins

The family origins of Al-Ashraf Musa are not entirely clear. According to Lane-Poole, Al-Ashraf Musa was a descendant of Saladin and the great grandson of Az-Zahir Ghazi, Amir of Aleppo, who had struggled against Al-Adil for supremacy in the Ayyubid domains. His grandfather, the son of Az-Zahir, was al-Aziz Mohammad, also Amir of Aleppo, while his father, son of al-Aziz, was An-Nasir Yusuf, Amir of Aleppo, and later Damascus.^[1] However, if this were the case he would have been titular head of a government in Egypt which was fighting his own father. According to other sources he was the son of Yusuf, and grandson of al-Mas'ud Yusuf. Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, the son of Sultan Al-Kamil of Egypt, was the last Ayyubid ruler of Yemen. After the Ayyubids were expelled from Yemen his family moved to Cairo.

Accession

Ayyubid rule in Egypt had effectively come to an end in 1250 when the Mamluks murdered Al-Muazzam Turanshah. For a brief period Shajar ad-Durr ruled as Sultana, but she was soon replaced by Izz ad-Din Aybak. The murder of Turanshah meant that while the Mamluks controlled Egypt, the Ayyubid family remained in control of the Emirates in Palestine and Syria. Mamluk rule in Egypt was not secure, and following the death of Turanshah, the Ayyubid An-Nasir Yusuf, ruler of Aleppo, was welcomed into Damascus and began preparations to send an army into Egypt to make himself Sultan. The Mamluks understood that if he reached Cairo he would find enough of a welcome to seriously threaten their power. For this reason, they decided it would be prudent to have a nominal Ayyubid Sultan in power in Cairo, to give their rule a veneer of legitimacy. For this reason Aybak stood down after less than a week as Sultan, and the six-year-old Al-Ashraf Musa, was proclaimed Sultan in his place.^[2]

Deposition

An-Nasir Yusuf's assaults on Egypt were repelled, and in 1253 an agreement was reached whereby he withdrew, leaving Egypt in Mamluk control. In 1254, a new potential threat to Aybak's rule emerged when Faris ad-Din Aktai, leader of the Bahri Mamluks, asked permission to move into the citadel of Cairo with his future wife, who was the sister of the Ayyubid ruler al-Malik al-Mansour of Hama. Sensing that Aktai would use this marriage to give himself legitimacy as Sultan, Aybak had him murdered. After this, Aybak resolved to rule on his own authority and decided he had no further need of a titular Ayyubid Sultan on whose behalf he claimed to act. Thereafter he deposed al-Ashraf Musa and sent him back to live with his aunt, proclaiming himself Sultan a second time.^[3]

References

^ Lane Poole, Stanley, The Mohammedan Dynasties, Constable & Co. London 1894 p.77
^ Humphreys, R. Stephen, From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, p.315
^ Humphreys, R. Stephen, From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, p.326

Regnal titles
Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt Ayyubid dynasty
Preceded by Izz ad-Din Aybak	Sultan of Egypt 1250–1254 with Izz ad-Din Aybak	Succeeded by Izz ad-Din Aybak

v t e Rulers of the Ayyubid dynasty
Sultans of Egypt (1171–1250)	Saladin al-Aziz Uthman al-Mansur Nasir al-Din al-Adil I al-Kamil al-Adil II as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah Shajar al-Durr al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Damascus (1174–1260)	Saladin al-Afdal al-Adil I al-Mu'azzam Isa an-Nasir Dawud al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Aleppo (1177–1260)	az-Zahir Ghazi al-Aziz Muhammad Dayfa Khatun (regent) an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Homs (1175–1262)	Asad ad-Din Shirkuh Muhammad ibn Shirkuh al-Mujahid al-Mansur Ibrahim al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Hama (1175–1341)	al-Muzaffar I Umar al-Mansur I Muhammad al-Nasir Kilij Arslan al-Muzaffar II Mahmud al-Mansur II Muhammad al-Muzaffar III Mahmud al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida al-Afdal Muhammad
Emirs of Diyar Bakr (1180–1260)	al-Awhad Ayyub al-Ashraf Musa al-Muzaffar Ghazi al-Kamil Muhammad
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz (1173–1228)	Turan-Shah Tughtakin ibn Ayyub al-Muizz Ismail an-Nasir Ayyub al-Muzaffar Sulaiman al-Mas'ud Yusuf
Emirs of Baalbek (1175–1260)	Ibn al-Muqaddam Turan-Shah Farrukhshah Bahramshah al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi an-Nasir Yusuf

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Origins

Accession

Deposition

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References