Native American Pidgin English

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Native American Pidgin English - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from American Indian Pidgin English)

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Native American Pidgin English
Native to	United States
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	English pidgin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (`mis`)
Glottolog	`amer1255`

Native American Pidgin English, sometimes known as American Indian Pidgin English (AIPE) was an English-based pidgin spoken by Europeans and Native Americans in western North America. The main geographic regions in which AIPE was spoken was British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington.

AIPE is mentioned in World Englishes as one of many factors influencing American English.

Native American Pidgin English is much more similar to English than are many other English-based pidgins, and it could be considered a mere ethnolect of American English.

The earliest variety of Pidgin English to appear in British North America is AIPE.^[1] AIPE was used by both Europeans and the Native Americans in the contact situation and is therefore considered to be a true pidgin.^[2] A pidgin language is made up of two languages sometimes spoken by only one group. However, because AIPE was spoken by both groups, some would say that makes it as a true pidgin. The European people are the ones who taught the Native Americans how to speak English. They developed AIPE together, which helped them communicate more efficiently.^[3]

Phonology

Native American Pidgin English’s phonology is characterized primarily by decreasing the English phonemic record from definite exchanges and the loss of some phonemes, together with other distributed phenomena.^[4]

References

^ Gramley, Stephan (2018-10-08). The History of English. doi:10.4324/9780429460272. ISBN 9780429460272. S2CID 160813020.
^ Leechman, Douglas; Hall, Robert A. (1955). "Native American Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities". American Speech. 30 (3): 163–171. doi:10.2307/453934. JSTOR 453934.
^ Leechman, Douglas; Hall, Robert A. (1955). "Native American Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities". American Speech. 30 (3): 163–171. doi:10.2307/453934. JSTOR 453934.
^ Leechman, Douglas; Hall, Robert A. (1955). "Native American Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities". American Speech. 30 (3): 163–171. doi:10.2307/453934. JSTOR 453934.

Sources

Kirkpatrick, Andy. The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010. ISBN 978-0-203-84932-3 (page 56)
Dillard, Joey Lee. Toward a Social History of American English. Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton, 1985. ISBN 0-89925-046-7
Englishes. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010. ISBN 978-0-203-84932-3 (page 56)
Gramley. S. Varieties of American English. WS 2009‐2010. http://wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/sgramley/VarAmE-01-Introduction.pdf
Jump up ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). American Indian Pidgin English. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Leechman, Douglas, and Robert A. Hall. American Indian Pidgin English: Attestations and Grammatical Peculiarities. American Speech 30, no. 3 (1955): 163-71. doi:10.2307/453934

Languages of the United States

Languages in italics are extinct.

English

Dialects of American English

Oral Indigenous
languages

Families

Algic	Abenaki Arapaho Blackfoot Cheyenne Cree Fox Malecite-Passamaquoddy Massachusett Menominee Mi'kmaq Munsee Ojibwe Potawatomi Shawnee Yurok Etchemin Gros Ventre Loup Nawathinehena Mahican Miami-Illinois Mohegan-Pequot Nanticoke Narragansett Pamlico Powhatan Quiripi Unami Wiyot
Austronesian	Chamorro Hawaiian Refaluwasch Samoan Tokelauan
Caddoan	Arikara Caddo Wichita Kitsai
Chinookan	Kathlamet Tsinúk Upper Chinook
Chumashan	Barbareño Cruzeño Obispeño Purisimeño Ventureño
Dené(– Yeniseian?)	Ahtna Deg Xinag Dena'ina Gwich’in Hän Hupa Jicarilla Koyukon Lower Tanana Mescalero-Chiricahua Navajo Tanacross Tolowa Upper Kuskokwim Upper Tanana Western Apache Cahto Eyak Holikachuk Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie Lipan Mattole Plains Apache Tsetsaut Tututni Upper Umpqua Wailaki
Eskaleut	Inuit Inupiat Aleut Alutiiq Central Alaskan Yup'ik Central Siberian Yupik Chevak Cup’ik
Iroquoian	Cayuga Cherokee Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Osage Seneca Tuscarora Wyandot Erie Neutral Huron Nottoway Susquehannock Wenrohronon
Kalapuyan	Central Kalapuya Northern Kalapuya Yoncalla
Keresan	Cochiti Pueblo San Felipe–Santo Domingo Zia–Santa Ana Pueblos Western Keres Acoma Pueblo Laguna Pueblo
Maiduan	Konkow Maidu Nisenan Chico
Muskogean	Alabama Chickasaw Choctaw Koasati Mikasuki Muscogee Apalachee
Palaihnihan	Achumawi Atsugewi
Plateau Penutian	Nez Perce Sahaptin Klamath Molala
Pomoan	Central Pomo Eastern Pomo Kashaya Southeastern Pomo Southern Pomo Northeastern Pomo Northern Pomo
Salishan	Coeur d'Alene Columbia-Moses Halkomelem Klallam Lushootseed Nooksack North Straits Salish Okanagan Salish Thompson Twana Cowlitz Lower Chehalis Quinault Tillamook Upper Chehalis
Siouan	Assiniboine Crow Dakota Hidatsa Kansa Lakota Mandan Omaha–Ponca Quapaw Stoney Winnebago Biloxi Catawba Chiwere Mitchigamea Moneton Ofo Tutelo-Saponi Woccon
Tanoan	Jemez Kiowa Picuris Southern Tiwa Taos Tewa Piro Pueblo
Tsimshianic	Coast Tsimshian
Uto-Aztecan	Comanche Hopi Ivilyuat Kawaiisu Kitanemuk Luiseño Mono Northern Paiute O'odham Serrano Shoshoni Timbisha Tübatulabal Ute-Chemehuevi Yaqui Cupeño Tongva
Wakashan	Makah
Wintuan	Nomlaki Patwin Wintu
Yuk-Utian	Central Sierra Miwok Southern Sierra Miwok Tule-Kaweah Yokuts Valley Yokuts Bay Miwok Buena Vista Yokuts Coast Miwok Gashowu Yokuts Kings River Yokuts Lake Miwok Northern Sierra Miwok Palewyami Plains Miwok
Yuman– Cochimí	Cocopah Havasupai–Hualapai Ipai Kumeyaay Maricopa Mojave Quechan Tiipai Yavapai

Others

Isolates	Haida Karuk Kutenai Siuslaw Washo Yuchi Zuni Chitimacha Tonkawa
Mixed or trade Languages	Afro-Seminole Creole Chinook Jargon Michif Mohawk Dutch

Manual Indigenous
languages

Hand Talk	Anishinaabe Sign Language Blackfoot Sign Language Cheyenne Sign Language Cree Sign Language Navajo Sign Language Plateau Sign Language Ktunaxa Sign Language
Isolates	Hawai'i Sign Language Creole Hawai'i Sign Language Inuit Sign Language Keresan Pueblo Navajo Family Sign Language

Oral settler
languages

French	Louisiana Métis Missouri Muskrat New England
German	Pennsylvania Dutch Hutterite Plautdietsch Bernese Alsatian Texas
Spanish	Caló (Chicano) Isleño New Mexican Puerto Rican Sabine River
Creole and mixed languages	Gullah Louisiana Creole Spanglish Angloromani

Manual settler
languages

Francosign	American Sign Language Black American Sign Language Protactile Puerto Rican Sign Language
BANZSL	Samoan Sign Language
Kentish	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
Isolates	Sandy River Valley Sign Language Henniker Sign Language