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Battle of Menina - Wikipedia

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Battle of Menina

Date	17 August 1944
Location	Menina, Thesprotia
Result	EDES victory

Belligerents

National Republican Greek League (EDES)

Germany

Balli Kombëtar

Commanders and leaders

Lt. Colonel Vasileios Kamaras
Major Georgios Agoros
Major David Wallace (British) †

Unknown

Strength

10th Division of EDES (400 engaged)

Company of the 1st Mountain Division
Cham collaborationist militia

Casualties and losses

22 killed, 53 wounded

90 killed, 100 missing or taken prisoner

v t e Greek resistance
Mainland Greece Drama Ryka Mikro Chorio ESPO bombing Leivadi Gorgopotamos Bridge Fardykambos Meritsa Porta Animals Kournovo Tunnel Asopos Bridge Sarantaporos 22 July 1943 Athens protest Execution of Josef Salminger Kokkinia Menina Crete (Cretan resistance) Albumen Trahili Damasta Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe World War II in Albania South Albania

v t e World War II in Albania
1939 Italian invasion 1940 Korytsa Himara Saranda 1941 Klisura Pass Trebeshina Hill 731 Spring offensive Karadak–Gollak 1942 1943 Gjorm Leskovik Përmet Tepelena Kurtez Tirana and Kruja Reç German invasion Drashovica Pezë 1944 Draufgänger Menina Preševo Kosovo Tirana Desivojca

The Battle of Menina (Greek: Μάχη της Μενίνας) was conducted by the Greek resistance group EDES against the German garrison of the village Menina, Thesprotia, during the German occupation of Greece. They were successful and captured a large quantity of supplies.^[1]

Background

Guerilla units of the EDES resistance undertook several sabotage missions against the Wehrmacht as soon as the later began its withdrawal from Greece. The 10th Division of EDES was active in the wider region of Preveza and managed in various clashed to block the movement of the Germans from Preveza to the regional capital of Epirus, Ioannina.^[2] Nazi German and Cham Albanian collaborator units were stationed in various positions in the sectors of Filiates, Igoumenitsa and Filiates.^[3] Meanwhile, the Allied High Command in Middle East ordered the advance of the EDES units in strategic positions in the west coast of Epirus.^[3] The defense of Menina was of vital importance for the German army since it a main transportation hub in Epirus. As such the Germans as well as their collaborators have turned Menina into a major stronghold.^[4]

Offensive

The main thrust of the offensive in Menina was undertaken by EDES' Sacred Band which belonged to its 3/40 Regiment.^[4] After a 2-day battle the German-Cham units were dispersed and the area was secured.^[4]

Result

Among the Greek resistance there were 25 dead, while the Axis counted 87. After the victorious battle the Muslim Cham population under the state of panic and in fear of reprisals fled north to Albania.^[5] Moreover, EDES captured 109 Axis soldiers in addition to military material.^[5]

Sources

Flitouris, Athanasios (1998). "Το αντάρτικο του ΕΔΕΣ στην Ήπειρο". Docplayer.gr. University of Ioannina. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

References

^ Hermann Frank Meyer, Αιματοβαμμένο Έντελβαϊς. Η 1η Ορεινή Μεραρχία, το 22ο Σώμα Στρατού και η εγκληματική δράση τους στην Ελλάδα, 1943-1944, Τόμος Β', Βιβλιοπωλείον της Εστίας, Athens 2009, pp. 249-251
^ Flitouris, 1998, p. 216
^ ^a ^b Flitouris, 1998, p. 217
^ ^a ^b ^c Flitouris, 1998, p. 218
^ ^a ^b Flitouris, 1998, p. 219

Greece during World War II

1940–1941 Balkans Campaign

Greco-Italian War
(1940–1941)

Battles

Leaders

Greece	Ioannis Metaxas Alexandros Papagos Charalambos Katsimitros Konstantinos Davakis Markos Drakos and Ioannis Pitsikas Dimitrios Papadopoulos Georgios Kosmas
Italy	Benito Mussolini Galeazzo Ciano Sebastiano Visconti Prasca Ubaldo Soddu Ugo Cavallero Carlo Geloso

Units

Greece	8th Infantry Division Epirus Army Section Western Macedonia Army Section
Italy	9th Army 11th Army

German invasion
(April–May 1941)

Battles

Leaders

Greece	King George II Alexandros Papagos Konstantinos Bakopoulos Georgios Tsolakoglou
British Commonwealth	Henry Maitland Wilson Thomas Blamey Bernard Freyberg
Germany	Wilhelm List Sepp Dietrich Kurt Student

Units

Greece	Eastern Macedonia Army Section Central Macedonia Army Section Epirus Army Section
British Commonwealth	1st Armoured Brigade 2nd New Zealand Division 6th Australian Division
Germany	XVIII Army Corps XXXX Panzer Corps Luftflotte 4 1st Parachute Division 5th Mountain Division

Occupation and collaboration

Occupying
powers

Leaders and
commands

Germany	Günther Altenburg Hermann Neubacher Walter Schimana Alexander Löhr Army Group E Hellmuth Felmy LXVIII Army Corps Hubert Lanz XXII Mountain Corps Alexander Andrae, Bruno Bräuer and Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller Fortress Crete Max Merten
Italy	Angelico Carta Pellegrino Ghigi Piero Parini Carlo Geloso and Carlo Vecchiarelli 11th Army III Army Corps [it] VIII Army Corps XXVI Corps
Bulgaria	Ivan Markov [bg] Trifon Trifonov [bg] Asen Sirakov

Atrocities

Economic
exploitation

The Holocaust

Collaborationist
government

People	Georgios Tsolakoglou K. Logothetopoulos Ioannis Rallis Sotirios Gotzamanis Georgios Bakos Georgios Poulos Friedrich Schubert Nikolaos Bourantas George S. Mercouris Ioannis Plytzanopoulos Dionysios Papadongonas
Organizations	Security Battalions Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO) National Union of Greece (EEE) Greek National Socialist Party
Secessionists	Roman Legion Alcibiades Diamandi Nicolaos Matussis Vassilis Rapotikas Ohrana Andon Kalchev Cham collaboration Këshilla Xhemil Dino
Atrocities	Paramythia Executions of Kokkinia

Resistance and Free Greece

National Liberation
Front (EAM)

People	Aris Velouchiotis Stefanos Sarafis Andreas Tzimas Georgios Siantos Alexandros Svolos Ilias Tsirimokos Markos Vafeiadis Evripidis Bakirtzis
Organizations	Communist Party of Greece (KKE) Socialist Party of Greece (SKE) Union of People's Democracy (ELD) Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN) Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA) and National Council United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON) National Solidarity (EA) Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA) Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF) Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
Operations	Drama uprising Ryka Mikro Chorio Gorgopotamos Bridge Meritsa Protests against labour mobilization Fardykambos Porta Sarantaporos Kournovo Tunnel 1943 Athens protest Pinerolo disarmament Steiri Agorelitsa Killing of Franz Krech
Atrocities	Feneos executions 5/42 Regiment dissolution Meligalas Kilkis Red Terror (Greece)

Non-EAM resistance

People	Napoleon Zervas Georgios Kartalis Dimitrios Psarros Komninos Pyromaglou Antonis Fosteridis Kostas Perrikos Ilias Degiannis Vasileios Sachinis Lela Karagianni Konstantinos Ventiris Manolis Paterakis Petrakogiorgis Kimonas Zografakis
Organizations	National Republican Greek League (EDES) National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA) National and Social Liberation (EKKA) 5/42 Regiment Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO) Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN) Prometheus II Apollo National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ) Hellenic Army (ES) Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI) others...
Operations	ESPO bombing Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") Agia Kyriaki Milia Skala Paramythias Execution of Josef Salminger Xirovouni Trahili Menina Dodona
Atrocities	Expulsion of Cham Albanians

British Military Mission (SOE)

People	Eddie Myers Monty Woodhouse Patrick Leigh Fermor Bill Stanley Moss Themis Marinos George Psychoundakis Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
Operations	Operation "Albumen" Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") Operation "Animals" Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing") Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe Damasta sabotage

Greek government-in-exile

Greek government
in exile

Events/Battles	Mareth Line El Alamein Wadi Akarit Dodecanese April 1944 mutiny Rimini Symi Santorini
People	King George II Emmanouil Tsouderos Sofoklis Venizelos Panagiotis Kanellopoulos Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos Christodoulos Tsigantes Pafsanias Katsotas
Greek Armed Forces in the Middle East	3rd Mountain Brigade Sacred Band Vasilissa Olga Adrias Katsonis Papanikolis 13th Squadron 335th Squadron 336th Squadron

Liberation and road to the civil war

Prelude to Civil War

Events	National Bands Agreement Plaka agreement [el] Red Terror Lebanon Conference Caserta Agreement Operation "Manna" Percentages agreement Dekemvriana Treaty of Varkiza White Terror
People	Ronald Scobie Georgios Papandreou Archbishop Damaskinos Georgios Grivas Angelos Evert Nikos Zachariadis

Commemoration

Events	Ohi Day
Museums	Athens War Museum Holocaust Museum of Greece Kalavryta Massacre Museum Kalpaki War Museum Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance Thessaloniki War Museum
Popular culture	Aera! Aera! Aera! Captain Corelli's Mandolin film Ill Met by Moonlight film Ipolochagos Natassa Mediterraneo The 11th Day: Crete 1941 The Guns of Navarone film What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?

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