Sotirios Gotzamanis

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Sotirios Gotzamanis (Greek: Σωτήριος Γκοτζαμάνης; 1884 – 28 November 1958) was a Greek physician and politician.

Early life

He was born in Giannitsa, Central Macedonia, which at the time of his birth was part of the Ottoman Empire. He studied medicine in Padua, Italy. In 1913, he moved to Thessaloniki when his home region became part of Greece in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars.

Political career

From 1919 to 1936, he served in the Hellenic Parliament for the Thessaloniki-Pella constituency. He served as Minister of Health, Welfare and Care in the first government of Panagis Tsaldaris (1932–1933). In the parliamentary elections of 1936, he was leader of the National Reform Party.

Collaboration with the Axis Powers

After the German invasion of Greece, he supported collaboration with the Axis powers. On 30 April 1941 he was appointed minister of finance in the collaborationist government of Georgios Tsolakoglou. After the dismissal of Tsolakoglou on 2 December 1942, Gotzamanis continued in his post in the government of Konstantinos Logothetopoulos. His ministry also oversaw agriculture, industry, trade and labor. When Logothetopoulos was dismissed in 1943, the Italians favored him to succeed Logothetopoulos as Prime Minister of Greece, but the position went to Ioannis Rallis instead.

After the liberation of Greece

As the Axis forces withdraw from Greece in 1944, Gotzamanis fled to Italy and then Nazi Germany. In his absence, a Greek court sentenced him to death in January 1945 for treason. He returned to Greece several years later and was a candidate for mayor of Thessaloniki in 1954. He participated in the elections of 11 May 1958. He died 6 months later of a stroke and uremia at the age of 73. He is buried in Thessaloniki.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Sources

Γκοτζαμάνης, Σωτήριος (1954). Κατοχικόν δάνειον και δαπάναι Κατοχής. Θεσσαλονίκη.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Μαρκέτος, Σπύρος (2006). Πώς φίλησα τον Μουσσολίνι! Τα πρώτα βήματα του ελληνικού φασισμού. Αθήνα: Βιβλιόραμα. pp. 95–96, 146. ISBN 978-960-8087-52-1.

Marchetos, Spyros (2009). A Slav Macedonian Greek Fascist? Deciphering the Ethnicophrosyne of Sotirios Gotzamanis. Scribd. pp. 1–30. Retrieved 2016-03-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Aναπαραγωγή από το Alexandra Ioannidou και Christian Voß, ed. (2009). Spotlights on Russian and Balkan Slavic Cultural History. Μόναχο-Βερολίνο: Sagner. pp. 67–96. ISBN 978-3-86688-070-2.

Μιχαηλίδης, Ιάκωβος (2001). Σωτήριος Γκοτζαμάνης: ο άνθρωπος, ο πολιτικός, ο μύθος. Θεσσαλονίκη: Βάνιας. ISBN 978-000-288041-1.

"Απεβίωσεν ο Σ. Γκοτζαμάνης" (pdf). Μακεδονία (29 Νοεμβρίου 1958): 1. Retrieved 2015-12-24.

"Εκηδεύθη την Κυριακήν ο Σωτήριος Γκοτζαμάνης δαπάναις της Εταιρείας Μακεδονικών Σπουδών" (pdf). Μακεδονία (2 Δεκεμβρίου 1958): 7. Retrieved 2015-12-24.

Bibliography

Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια. Vol. Β' συμπλήρ. Iδρυτής-Ιδιοκτήτης: Παύλος Δρανδάκης. Αθήνα: Φοίνιξ. p. 511.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

Βιογραφική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια του Νεωτέρου Ελληνισμού, 1830-2010. Vol. Α'. Αθήνα: Μέτρον.

Greece during World War II

1940–1941 Balkans Campaign

Greco-Italian War
(1940–1941)

Battles

Leaders

Greece	Ioannis Metaxas Alexandros Papagos Charalambos Katsimitros Konstantinos Davakis Markos Drakos and Ioannis Pitsikas Dimitrios Papadopoulos Georgios Kosmas
Italy	Benito Mussolini Galeazzo Ciano Sebastiano Visconti Prasca Ubaldo Soddu Ugo Cavallero Carlo Geloso

Units

Greece	8th Infantry Division Epirus Army Section Western Macedonia Army Section
Italy	9th Army 11th Army

German invasion
(April–May 1941)

Battles

Leaders

Greece	King George II Alexandros Papagos Konstantinos Bakopoulos Georgios Tsolakoglou
British Commonwealth	Henry Maitland Wilson Thomas Blamey Bernard Freyberg
Germany	Wilhelm List Sepp Dietrich Kurt Student

Units

Greece	Eastern Macedonia Army Section Central Macedonia Army Section Epirus Army Section
British Commonwealth	1st Armoured Brigade 2nd New Zealand Division 6th Australian Division
Germany	XVIII Army Corps XXXX Panzer Corps Luftflotte 4 1st Parachute Division 5th Mountain Division

Occupation and collaboration

Occupying
powers

Leaders and
commands

Germany	Günther Altenburg Hermann Neubacher Walter Schimana Alexander Löhr Army Group E Hellmuth Felmy LXVIII Army Corps Hubert Lanz XXII Mountain Corps Alexander Andrae, Bruno Bräuer and Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller Fortress Crete Max Merten
Italy	Angelico Carta Pellegrino Ghigi Piero Parini Carlo Geloso and Carlo Vecchiarelli 11th Army III Army Corps [it] VIII Army Corps XXVI Corps
Bulgaria	Ivan Markov [bg] Trifon Trifonov [bg] Asen Sirakov

Atrocities

Economic
exploitation

The Holocaust

Collaborationist
government

People	Georgios Tsolakoglou K. Logothetopoulos Ioannis Rallis Sotirios Gotzamanis Georgios Bakos Georgios Poulos Friedrich Schubert Nikolaos Bourantas George S. Mercouris Ioannis Plytzanopoulos Dionysios Papadongonas
Organizations	Security Battalions Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO) National Union of Greece (EEE) Greek National Socialist Party
Secessionists	Roman Legion Alcibiades Diamandi Nicolaos Matussis Vassilis Rapotikas Ohrana Andon Kalchev Cham collaboration Këshilla Xhemil Dino
Atrocities	Paramythia Executions of Kokkinia

Resistance and Free Greece

National Liberation
Front (EAM)

People	Aris Velouchiotis Stefanos Sarafis Andreas Tzimas Georgios Siantos Alexandros Svolos Ilias Tsirimokos Markos Vafeiadis Evripidis Bakirtzis
Organizations	Communist Party of Greece (KKE) Socialist Party of Greece (SKE) Union of People's Democracy (ELD) Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN) Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA) and National Council United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON) National Solidarity (EA) Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA) Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF) Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
Operations	Drama uprising Ryka Mikro Chorio Gorgopotamos Bridge Meritsa Protests against labour mobilization Fardykambos Porta Sarantaporos Kournovo Tunnel 1943 Athens protest Pinerolo disarmament Steiri Agorelitsa Killing of Franz Krech
Atrocities	Feneos executions 5/42 Regiment dissolution Meligalas Kilkis Red Terror (Greece)

Non-EAM resistance

People	Napoleon Zervas Georgios Kartalis Dimitrios Psarros Komninos Pyromaglou Antonis Fosteridis Kostas Perrikos Ilias Degiannis Vasileios Sachinis Lela Karagianni Konstantinos Ventiris Manolis Paterakis Petrakogiorgis Kimonas Zografakis
Organizations	National Republican Greek League (EDES) National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA) National and Social Liberation (EKKA) 5/42 Regiment Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO) Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN) Prometheus II Apollo National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ) Hellenic Army (ES) Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI) others...
Operations	ESPO bombing Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") Agia Kyriaki Milia Skala Paramythias Execution of Josef Salminger Xirovouni Trahili Menina Dodona
Atrocities	Expulsion of Cham Albanians

British Military Mission (SOE)

People	Eddie Myers Monty Woodhouse Patrick Leigh Fermor Bill Stanley Moss Themis Marinos George Psychoundakis Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
Operations	Operation "Albumen" Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") Operation "Animals" Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing") Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe Damasta sabotage

Greek government-in-exile

Greek government
in exile

Events/Battles	Mareth Line El Alamein Wadi Akarit Dodecanese April 1944 mutiny Rimini Symi Santorini
People	King George II Emmanouil Tsouderos Sofoklis Venizelos Panagiotis Kanellopoulos Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos Christodoulos Tsigantes Pafsanias Katsotas
Greek Armed Forces in the Middle East	3rd Mountain Brigade Sacred Band Vasilissa Olga Adrias Katsonis Papanikolis 13th Squadron 335th Squadron 336th Squadron

Liberation and road to the civil war

Prelude to Civil War

Events	National Bands Agreement Plaka agreement [el] Red Terror Lebanon Conference Caserta Agreement Operation "Manna" Percentages agreement Dekemvriana Treaty of Varkiza White Terror
People	Ronald Scobie Georgios Papandreou Archbishop Damaskinos Georgios Grivas Angelos Evert Nikos Zachariadis

Commemoration

Events	Ohi Day
Museums	Athens War Museum Holocaust Museum of Greece Kalavryta Massacre Museum Kalpaki War Museum Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance Thessaloniki War Museum
Popular culture	Aera! Aera! Aera! Captain Corelli's Mandolin film Ill Met by Moonlight film Ipolochagos Natassa Mediterraneo The 11th Day: Crete 1941 The Guns of Navarone film What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?