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Clavicipitaceae - Wikipedia

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Clavicipitaceae

Claviceps purpurea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Order:	Hypocreales
Family:	Clavicipitaceae (Lindau) Earle (1901)
Type genus
Claviceps Tul. (1853)
Genera
See text

The Clavicipitaceae are a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genera in the family,^[1] but a study in 2020 has increased this number to 50.^[2]

Phylogeny

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates the taxon Clavicipitaceae is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae).^[3] The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal group spans mutualistic plant symbionts, as well as parasites of plants, insects, and other fungi.^[4]

Significance

Many of its members produce alkaloids toxic to animals and humans. One of its most infamous species is Claviceps purpurea, which has historical significance as the cause of St. Anthony's fire, also known as ergotism. Ergotism is caused by ergot alkaloids, such as ergotamine and ergocristine, which are chemical derivatives of lysergic acid. Metarhizium species are widely used in the biological control of insect pests.^[5]

Genera

Several genera, especially those previously described as "anamorphic" (having no known sexual cycle) are now re-classified into other families, in light of current molecular and other evidence. As of November 2024, the following genera are placed in the family Clavicipitaceae:^[6]

Aciculosporium I. Miyake (1908)
Allocordyceps Poinar (2021)
Aschersonia Mont. (1848)
Atkinsonella Diehl (1950)
Balansia Speg. (1885)
Balansiopsis Höhn. (1910)
Berkelella (Sacc.) Sacc. (1891)
Cavimalum Yoshim. Doi, Dargan & K.S. Thind (1977)
Claviceps Tul. (1853)
Commelinaceomyces E. Tanaka (2020)
Conoideocrella D. Johnson, G.H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (2009)
Corallocytostroma Y.N. Yu & Z.Y. Zhang (1980)
Drechmeria W. Gams & H.-B. Jansson (1985)
Dussiella Pat. (1890)
Ephelis Fr. (1849)
Epichloe (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. (1865)
Epicrea Petr. (1950)
Harposporium Lohde (1874)
Helicocollum Luangsa-ard, Mongkols., Noisrip. & Thanak. (2017)
Helminthascus Tranzschel (1898)
Heteroepichloe E. Tanaka, C. Tanaka, Gafur & Tsuda (2002)
Hypocrella Sacc. (1878)
Keithomyces Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken (2020)
Konradia Racib. (1900)
Linearistroma Höhn. 1910)
Loculistroma F. Patt. & Charles (1910)
Marquandomyces Samson, Houbraken & Luangsa-ard (2020)
Metacordyceps G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (2007)
Metapochonia Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
Metarhiziopsis D.W. Li, R.S. Cowles & C.R. Vossbrinck (2008)
Metarhizium Sorokīn (1879)
Moelleriella Bres. (1897)
Morakotia Mongkols., Noisrip., Khons., Thanakitp. & Luangsa-ard (2021)
Mycomalus A. Möller (1901)
MycophilomycesCrous & M.J. Wingf. (2016)
Myriogenospora G.F. Atk. (1894)
Neoaraneomyces W.H. Chen, Y.F. Han, J.D. Liang & Z.Q. Liang (2022)
Neobarya Lowen (1986)
Neocordyceps Kobayasi (1984)
Nigelia Luangsa-ard, Tasan. & Thanak. (2017)
Nigrocornus Ryley & Langdon (2003)
Orbiocrella D. Johnson, G.H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (2009)
†Palaeoclaviceps Poinar, S.C. Alderman & J. Wunderl. (2015)
Parametarhizium S. Gao, W. Meng, Li Xiang Zhang, Q. Yue & L.J. Xu (2021)
Parepichloe J.F. White & P.V. Reddy (1998)
Petchia Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2020)
Pochonia Bat. & O.M. Fonseca (1965)
Polynema Lév. (1846)
Pseudomeria G.L. Barron (1980)
Pseudometarhizium W.H. Chen, Y.F. Han, J.D. Liang & Z.Q. Liang (2022)
Purpureomyces Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitp. (2020)
Regiocrella P. Chaverri & K.T. Hodge (2006)
Romanoa Thirum. (1954)
Rotiferophthora G.L. Barron (1991)
Samuelsia P. Chaverri & K.T. Hodge (2008)
Shimizuomyces Kobayasi (1981)
Sphaerocordyceps Kobayasi (1981)
Stereocrea Syd. & P. Syd. (1917)
Sungia Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitp. (2020)
Tyrannicordyceps Kepler & Spatafora (2012)
Ustilaginoidea Bref. (1895)
Yosiokobayasia Samson, Luangsa-ard & Thanakitp (2020)

References

^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
^ Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, Spatafora JW (September 2007). "A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44 (3): 1204–23. Bibcode:2007MolPE..44.1204S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.011. PMID 17555990.
^ Spatafora JW, Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, White JF Jr (2007). "Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes". Mol. Ecol. 16 (8): 1701–1711. Bibcode:2007MolEc..16.1701S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03225.x. PMID 17402984.
^ Capinera JL. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 2354–7. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
^ "Index Fungorum - Search Page". www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-11-21.

Other sources

C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 978-0-471-52229-4

External links

Media related to Clavicipitaceae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Clavicipitaceae at Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers
Clavicipitaceae	Wikidata: Q672560 Wikispecies: Clavicipitaceae AusFungi: 60013427 CoL: 624CL EoL: 5648 EPPO: 1CLAVF FloraBase: 23275 GBIF: 8417 iNaturalist: 123254 IndexFungorum: 80608 IRMNG: 110502 ITIS: 612943 MycoBank: 82061 NBN: NHMSYS0020535218 NCBI: 34397 NZOR: f482054f-04a6-48a6-b92f-c4a27f49228c Open Tree of Life: 969668 SpeciesFungorum: 80608 WoRMS: 100050

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