Empress Li (Song dynasty)

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Empress Mingde
明德皇后

Empress consort of the Song dynasty

Tenure

984–997

Predecessor

Empress Xiaozhang

Successor

Empress Zhangmu

Empress Dowager of the Song Dynasty

Tenure

997-1004

Successor

Empress Zhangxian

Born

960
Changzhi, Shanxi

Died

1004 (aged 43–44)
Kaifeng, Henan

Burial

Gongyi, Henan

Spouse

Emperor Taizong

Names
Family name: Lǐ (李)
Posthumous name
Empress Míngdé (明德皇后)

Father

Li Chuyun (李處耘)

Mother

Lady Chen (陳氏)

Empress Li (960 – 7 April 1004^[1]) was an empress consort of ancient China's Northern Song dynasty, married to Emperor Taizong. After his death, she was the empress dowager for her stepson Emperor Zhenzong.^[2]

Biography

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The second daughter of Song general Li Chuyun, it was arranged that she marry Zhao Guangyi by Zhao Guangyi's elder brother Emperor Taizu of Song. After Emperor Taizu's death in 976, Zhao Guangyi became Emperor Taizong, and Lady Li officially became his imperial consort in 978. She was named empress on 10 January 985.^[3]^[2]

Titles

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During the reign of Emperor Taizu of Song (4 February 960– 14 November 976):
- Lady Li (李氏; from 960
- Princess Consort (王妃; from 976)
During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Song (15 November 976 – 8 May 997)
- Empress (賀氏; from 984)
During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song (8 May 997 – 23 March 1022 )
- Empress Dowager (皇太后: from 997)
- Empress Mingde (孝德皇后; from 22 April 1004^[4])

Issue

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As empress:

unnamed son (died soon after birth)

Notes and references

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^ ([景德元年]三月....己亥，皇太后崩。) Song Shi, vol.07. (景德元年崩，年四十五。) Song Shi, vol.242.
^ ^a ^b Song Shi, vol. 242
^ (雍熙元年....十二月...壬辰，立德妃李氏为皇后。) Song Shi, vol.04
^ ([景德元年]夏四月甲寅，上大行皇太后谥曰明德。) Song Shi, vol.07

Sources

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(in Chinese) Toqto'a; et al. (1346). Song Shi (宋史) [History of Song].

Chinese royalty
Preceded by Empress Song	Empress of China 984–997	Succeeded by Empress Guo (Zhenzong)

v t e Empresses of the Song dynasty
Empresses consort
Northern Song	Empress Wang Empress Song Empress Li Empress Guo Empress Liu Empress Guo Empress Cao Empress Gao Empress Xiang Empress Meng Empress Liu Empress Wang Empress Zheng Empress Zhu
Southern Song	Empress Xing Empress Wu Empress Xia Empress Xie Li Fengniang Empress Han Empress Yang Xie Daoqing Empress Quan
Empresses dowager
Northern Song	Empress Dowager Du Empress Dowager Li Empress Dowager Liu Empress Dowager Cao Empress Dowager Gao Empress Dowager Xiang Empress Dowager Liu
Southern Song	Empress Dowager Meng Empress Dowager Wu Empress Dowager Xie Li Fengniang Empress Dowager Yang Xie Daoqing Empress Dowager Quan
Grand empresses dowager
Northern Song	Grand Empress Dowager Cao Grand Empress Dowager Gao
Southern Song	Grand Empress Dowager Wu Grand Empress Dowager Xie Xie Daoqing
Posthumous empresses
Northern Song	Lady He Princess Fu Princess Pan Consort Li Consort Zhang
Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → S. Dynasties / N. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing

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