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Hel Peninsula - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 54°38′30″N 18°46′53″E / 54.64167°N 18.78139°E

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Hel
Peninsula
Hel Peninsula as seen from Landsat satellite in 2000
Hel
Coordinates: 54°38′30″N 18°46′53″E / 54.64167°N 18.78139°E / 54.64167; 18.78139
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Pomeranian
County	Puck

Hel Peninsula (Polish pronunciation: [xɛl] ^ⓘ; Polish: Mierzeja Helska, Półwysep Helski; Kashubian: Hélskô Sztremlëzna; German: Halbinsel Hela or Putziger Nehrung) is a 35-kilometre-long (22 mi) sand bar peninsula in northern Poland separating the Bay of Puck from the open Baltic Sea. It is located in Puck County of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Name

The name of the peninsula might come from either the Old Polish word hyl/hel, meaning "empty or exposed place", or the Germanic word heel, which is derived from the form of the peninsula and the fact that the area was first settled by the Goths, an East Germanic tribe.^[1]

Geography

The width of the peninsula varies from approximately 300 metres (980 ft) near Jurata to 100 metres (330 ft) in the most narrow part to over 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) at the tip. Since the peninsula is formed entirely of sand, it is frequently turned into an island by winter storms. Until the 17th century, the peninsula was a chain of islands that formed a strip of land only in the summer.

A road and a railroad run along the peninsula from the mainland to the town at the furthest point, Hel, a popular tourist destination. Other towns, ports, and tourist resorts are Jurata, Jastarnia, Kuźnica, Chałupy, and Władysławowo.

Bus transport on the peninsula consists of only one route, the 669. The route was originally numbered 666, which played on the biblical number of the beast and the similarity of the name "Hel" to the English word "hell". This raised complaints from Catholic groups which found the numbering blasphemous.^[2]^[3] The number was changed in 2023.^[4]

Military importance

The Hel Peninsula was part of Prussia and then Germany from 1772 to 1919, during which time it was known by its German name Hela. After the peninsula became part of the Second Polish Republic after World War I, it acquired considerable military significance as part of the Polish Corridor and was turned into a fortified region, with a garrison of about 3,000. In the course of the Battle of Hel in 1939, Polish forces dynamited the peninsula at one point and turned it into an island.

During the years of German occupation of Poland (1939–1945), Hel's defenses were further expanded, and a battery of three 40.6 cm SK C/34 gun was constructed, but the guns were soon moved to the Atlantic Wall in occupied France. Hel peninsula remained in German hands until the end of World War II, when the defending forces surrendered on 14 May 1945, six days after Germany capitulated.

After the war, when the peninsula again became part of Poland, it continued to have military significance, with much of its area reserved for military use. Additional gun batteries were built in the 1940s and the 1950s. Many of the fortifications and batteries are open to tourists today, but some areas of the peninsula still belong to the Polish Armed Forces.

Gallery

References

^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927). "hyl". Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Kraków: Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza – via Wikisource.
^ "Rozkład jazdy". PKS GDYNIA.
^ "Linia 666 do Helu wzbudza kontrowersje". trojmiasto.pl. 26 July 2018.
^ O'Carroll, Lisa (14 June 2023). "No 666 to Hel: Polish bus route drops 'devil's number' after Christian protests". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2023.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hel Peninsula.

Geography of Pomerania

Regions

Current	Western Pomerania Farther Pomerania Pomerelia Gdańsk Pomerania Kashubia Kociewie Tuchola Forest Chełmno Land Michałów Land Lubawa Land
Former	Circipania Lauenburg and Bütow Land Lands of Schlawe and Stolp

Administration

Cities and towns

Anklam
Barth
Demmin
Gartz
Greifswald
Grudziądz
Heringsdorf
Kołobrzeg
Koszalin
Ribnitz-Damgarten
Sagard
Sassnitz
Słupsk
Stargard
Starogard Gdański
Stralsund
Świnoujście
Szczecin
Tczew
Toruń
Tricity metro
- Gdańsk
- Gdynia
- Sopot
Ueckermünde
Wejherowo
Wolgast
Zingst
List of towns in Western Pomerania
List of towns in Farther Pomerania
List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania
- A–H
- I–P
- Q–Z

Inhabited islands

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Brda
Drawa
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Gwda
Ina
Łeba
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Oder
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Peene
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Płonia
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Słupia
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Wda
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History of Pomerania

Administrative

Western Pomerania	Billung March Northern March Principality of Rügen Duchy of Pomerania House of Pomerania List of dukes Gützkow Partitions Pomerania-Demmin Pomerania-Stettin Pomerania-Schlawe Pomerania-Wolgast Pomerania-Stolp Pomerania-Neustettin Pomerania-Stargard Pomerania-Rügenwalde Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp Pomerania-Barth Swedish Pomerania Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 Stettin Region Stralsund Region List of placenames Enclave of Police Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952 Bezirk Frankfurt Bezirk Neubrandenburg Bezirk Rostock Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998 Contemporary Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Brandenburg West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Farther Pomerania	Duchy of Pomerania House of Pomerania List of dukes Cammin Schlawe-Stolp Partitions Pomerania-Stolp Brandenburgian Pomerania Starostwo of Draheim Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 Stettin Region Köslin Region List of placenames Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998 Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998 Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998 Contemporary West Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship
Lauenburg-Bütow classified as Farther Pomerania or Pomerelia	Duchy of Pomerania House of Pomerania List of dukes Partitions Royal Prussia Pomeranian Voivodeship Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn Brandenburgian Pomerania Lauenburg and Bütow Land Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 Köslin Region Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998 Contemporary Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomerelia (Kashubia, Kociewie, Tuchola Forest, Chełmno Land)	Polish Pomerelia Danish Pomerelia Duchy of Pomerelia Samborides Duchy of Gdańsk Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo Duchy of Białogarda Duchy of Lubiszewo Duchy of Świecie State of the Teutonic Order Royal Prussia 1466–1793 Pomeranian Voivodeship Chełmno Voivodeship Free City of Danzig 1807–1814 West Prussia Posen-West Prussia Region Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939 (Polish Corridor) Free City of Danzig 1920–1939 Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975 Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975 Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998 Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998 Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998 Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998 Toruń Voivodeship 1975–1998 Contemporary Pomeranian Voivodeship West Pomeranian Voivodeship Gmina Biały Bór Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

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Roman Catholic

Historical

Extant

Protestant

Historical	Protestant Reformation Evangelical State Church in Prussia Pomeranian Evangelical Church
Extant	Protestant Church in Germany Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław Pentecostal Church in Poland

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West Germanic	Low German Low Prussian Central Pomeranian Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch East Pomeranian West Pomeranian Standard German
West Slavic	Polabian Polish Pomeranian Kashubian Slovincian

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1200–1500	Kremmen (1236) Landin (1250) Kępno (1282) Soldin (1309) Templin (1317) Ueckermünde (1327) Kalisz (1343) Stralsund (1354) Stralsund (1370) Pyzdry (1390) Raciążek (1404) Thorn, First (1411) Eberswalde, First (1415) Melno (1422) Perleberg (1427) Eberswalde, Second (1427) Łęczyca (1433) Brześć Kujawski (1435) Soldin (1466) Thorn, Second (1466) Prenzlau (1448/1468/1472/1479) Pyritz (1493)
1500–1700	Thorn (1521) Kraków (1525) Grimnitz (1529) Augsburg (1555) Lublin (1569) Stettin (1570) Franzburg (1627) Stettin (1630) Westphalia (1648) Stettin (1653) Labiau (1656) Wehlau and Bromberg (1657) Oliva (1660) Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) Lund (1679)
1700–present	Stockholm (1719 / 1720) Frederiksborg (1720) Polish Partitions Treaties (1772/1773, 1793, 1795) Tilsit (1807) Kiel (1814) Vienna (1815) North German Confederation Treaty (1866) Peace of Prague (1866) Versailles (1919) Polish Concordat (1925) Prussian Concordat (1929) Reichskonkordat (1933) Molotov–Ribbentrop (1939) Potsdam (1945) Zgorzelec (1951) Moscow (1970) Warsaw (1970) Helsinki Accords (1975) Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement (1989) Two Plus Four (1990) German Reunification Treaty (1990) German–Polish Border Treaty (1991) Treaty of Good Neighbourship (1991) Polish Concordat (1993) Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution (1996) Treaty of Accession 2003

v t e Places on the Baltic coast of Poland
Bay of Pomerania Świnoujście Uznam Międzyzdroje Wolin Wolin National Park Grodno Międzywodzie Dziwnów Dziwnówek Trzebiatowski Coast Łukęcin Pobierowo Pustkowo Trzęsacz Rewal Niechorze Pogorzelica Mrzeżyno Rogowo Dźwirzyno Grzybowo Kołobrzeg Slovincian Coast Sianożęty Ustronie Morskie Pleśna Gąski Sarbinowo Chłopy Mielno Unieście Łazy Dąbkowice Dąbki Bobolin Żukowo Morskie Darłowo includes Darłówko Wicie Jarosławiec Wicko Morskie Modlinek Ustka Orzechowo Poddąbie Dębina Rowy Rówek Czołpino Slovincian Łeba Osetnik Kopalino Lubiatowo Białogóra Dębki Karwia Ostrowo Jastrzębia Góra Cape Rozewie Rozewie Chłapowo Władysławowo includes Cetniewo Chałupy Kuźnica Jastarnia Jurata Hel Hel Peninsula Coastal Landscape Park Swarzewo Puck Bay of Puck Błądzikowo Rzucewo Osłonino Rewa Mechelinki Gdynia Sopot Gdańsk includes Wyspa Portowa Wyspa Sobieszewska Bay of Gdańsk Mikoszewo Jantar Stegna Sztutowo Kąty Rybackie Skowronki Krynica Morska includes Przebrno Nowa Karczma Vistula Spit Vistula Spit canal

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References