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J. Isaac Pengelly - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

J. Isaac Pengelly
Portrait from Fifty Years of Food Reform (1898)
Born	John Isaac Pengelly 1853
Died	6 May 1937 (aged 84) Exeter, England
Resting place	St. James' Church, Exeter
Occupation(s)	Clerk, activist
Spouse	Lavinia Pengelly

John Isaac Pengelly (1853 – 6 May 1937) was an English clerk and activist for animal rights and vegetarianism. He was a clerk to Exeter Magistrates for 48 years and the founder of Exeter Vegetarian Society.

Career

Pengelly was educated at St. John's Hospital School in Exeter.^[1] After leaving school, he began working as a clerk for H. D. Barton of the Exeter Magistrates. In 1887, he succeeded Barton as clerk to the Justices.^[1] Over the course of his career, he collaborated with 117 justices in matters related to the police court. From 1912 to 1932, he served as the clerk of the Exeter Insurance Committee.^[1] Additionally, he was a member of the Western Provident Association, where he also held the role of solicitor.^[1]

Pengelly retired from clerkship after 48 years in 1935.^[1]^[2] He was a director and vice-chairman of Exeter City Football Club.^[1]

Activism

Pengelly was introduced to vegetarianism through reading a letter by R. Bailey Walker in the Exeter papers in Autumn 1880.^[3]^: 143 He became a vegetarian in 1881 for ethical reasons. Pengelly acknowledged the health and hygienic benefits of a vegetarian diet, but stated that he gave up eating meat due to the unnecessary cruelty of animal slaughter.^[4]

Pengelly was founder and secretary of the Exeter Vegetarian Society.^[3]^: 140^[5] He was elected president in 1891 and was president of the Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society in 1894.^[6]^[7] His wife Lavinia was initially hostile to vegetarianism but later converted and lectured on vegetarian meals.^[3]^: 143^[8]^[9] She died in 1913.^[10]

In 1894, he authored a pamphlet, Animal Rights, which dealt "exhaustively with the whole matter of man's duty in regard to the treatment of animals".^[4] Pengelly attended the annual meeting of the Vegetarian Federal Union in 1896.^[11] He served on the General Council of the Order of the Golden Age and was its Registrar in 1896.^[12]^[13]

In 1898, Pengelly argued that all references to meat eating in school books should be eliminated and that the young should not be imbued with the idea of bloodshed in preparation of food.^[14] Pengelly was known to have worn vegetarian boots.^[15]

Death

Pengelly died from bronchitis on 6 May 1937, in Exeter at the age of 84.^[1]^[16] His funeral took place at St. James' Church, Exeter.^[16]

Selected publications

Animal Rights (1894)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Loss to Exeter: Death of Mr. J. I. Pengelly". The Western Times. 7 May 1937. p. 15. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "Mr. J. I. Pengelly: Funeral of Former Clerk to Justices". Devon and Exeter Gazette. 14 May 1937. p. 5. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ ^a ^b ^c Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England. London: The Ideal Publishing Union.
^ ^a ^b "Economic, Nutritious, and Hygienic Diet". The North Devon Herald. 31 May 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "Exeter Vegetarian Society". The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette. 21 April 1891. p. 2. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "Exeter Vegetarian Society". The Western Times. 22 April 1891. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society". The Western Times. 12 March 1894. p. 4. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "Exeter Vegetarians and Their Cooking". The Western Times. 5 March 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ Gregory, James Richard Thomas Elliott (2002). "Biographical Index of British Vegetarians and Food reformers of the Victorian Era". The Vegetarian Movement in Britain c.1840–1901: A Study of Its Development, Personnel and Wider Connections (PDF). Vol. 2. University of Southampton. p. 91.
^ "Death of Mrs. J. I. Pengelly". The Western Times. 14 April 1913. p. 2. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "Vegetarian Federal Union 1889-1911". International Vegetarian Union. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024.
^ "Local News". The Western Times. 4 February 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "City Topics". The Western Times. 18 February 1896. p. 5. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ "Vegetarian Congress". The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 15 September 1898. p. 6. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
^ Gregory, James (2005). Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-century Britain. Tauris Academic Studies. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-85771-526-5.
^ ^a ^b "Magistrates' Clerk For 48 Years: Funeral of Mr. J. I. Pengelly at Exeter". The Western Times. 14 May 1937. p. 12. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.

Animal rights

Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)

Overviews

Concepts

Issues

Animal agriculture	Animal product Battery cage Bile bear Chick culling Crocodile farm Concentrated animal feeding operation Fish farming Fur farming Fur trade Insect farming Intensive animal farming Intensive pig farming Livestock Poultry farming Slaughterhouse Wildlife farming Working animal Feedback (pork industry) Foam depopulation Ventilation shutdown
Animal testing	Alternatives to animal testing Animal testing on non-human primates Animal testing regulations Great ape research ban Green Scare Huntingdon Life Sciences Model organism Nafovanny Operation Backfire Vivisection
Animal welfare	Animal euthanasia Cruelty to animals Pain in animals Pain in amphibians Pain in cephalopods Pain in crustaceans Pain in fish Pain in invertebrates Pain and suffering in laboratory animals Welfare of farmed insects
Fishing	Commercial fishing Fishing bait Recreational fishing
Wild animals	Culling wildlife Hare coursing Hunting International primate trade Ivory trade Predation problem Seal hunting Wild animal suffering Wildlife management
Other	Abandoned pets Animal sacrifice Animal slaughter Animal trial Animals in sport Live food Live export

Cases

Methodologies

Observances

Advocates (academics, writers, activists)

Academics
and writers

Contemporary

Historical

Activists

Contemporary

Historical

Movement (groups, parties)

Groups

Contemporary

Historical

Parties

Animal Justice Party (Australia)
Animal Politics EU (Europe)
Animal Protection Party of Canada (Canada)
Animal Justice Party of Finland (Finland)
Animals' Party (Sweden)
Animalist Movement (Italy)
Animalist Party with the Environment (Spain)
DierAnimal (Belgium)
Human Environment Animal Protection Party (Germany)
Italian Animalist Party (Italy)
Party for the Animals (Netherlands)
People Animals Nature (Portugal)
V-Partei³ (Germany)

Activism

Animal Rights National Conference

Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)

Books

On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
The Rights of Animals (1838)
The Ethics of Diet (1883)
Animals' Rights (1892)
Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology (1897)
Better-World Philosophy (1899)
The Universal Kinship (1906)
The New Ethics (1907)
Animals, Men and Morals (1971)
Animal Liberation (1975)
The Case for Animal Rights (1983)
Morals, Reason, and Animals (1987)
Zoos and Animal Rights (1993)
Animals, Property, and the Law (1995)
The Lives of Animals (1999)
Eternal Treblinka (2001)
Do Animals Have Rights? (2005)
Striking at the Roots (2008)
An American Trilogy (2009)
An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory (2010)
Animal Rights Without Liberation (2012)
Political Animals and Animal Politics (2014)
Animal (De)liberation (2016)
Sentientist Politics (2018)
Wild Animal Ethics (2020)
Animal Ethics in the Wild (2022)
Making a Stand for Animals (2022)

Films

The Animals Film (1981)
A Cow at My Table (1998)
Shores of Silence (2000)
The Witness (2000)
Meet Your Meat (2002)
Legally Blonde 2 (2003)
The Meatrix (2003)
Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
Earthlings (2005)
Behind the Mask (2006)
Your Mommy Kills Animals (2007)
The Cove (2009)
Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home (2009)
Forks Over Knives (2011)
Vegucated (2011)
An Apology to Elephants (2013)
Speciesism: The Movie (2013)
The Ghosts in Our Machine (2013)
Unlocking the Cage (2016)
Dominion (2018)
Seaspiracy (2021)

Periodicals

Journals	Animal Sentience Between the Species Cahiers antispécistes Etica & Animali Journal of Animal Ethics Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism The Animals' Defender
Magazines	Arkangel Bite Back Muutoksen kevät No Compromise Satya

Albums

Animal Liberation (1987)
Tame Yourself (1991)
Manifesto (2008)
Salvation of Innocents (2014)
Onward to Freedom (2014)

Fairs and exhibitions

Holocaust on your Plate (2003)

Category ( 139 )

Veganism and vegetarianism

Perspectives

Veganism	Animal-free agriculture Black veganism Fruitarianism History Raw veganism Straight edge Hardline Nutrition Vegan organic agriculture Vegan school meal Vegan studies
Vegetarianism	Economic vegetarianism Environmental vegetarianism History Orthopathy Lacto vegetarianism Lacto-ovo vegetarianism Ovo vegetarianism Cuisine Vegetarian Diet Pyramid Ecofeminism Nutrition By country
Lists	Vegetarians Vegans Fictional characters Festivals Organizations Restaurants Vegan media

Ethics

Secular	Animal rights Animal welfare Carnism Deep ecology Environmental vegetarianism Ethics of eating meat Meat paradox Nonviolence Replaceability argument Sentientism Speciesism Tirukkuṟaḷ
Religious	Buddhism Christianity (Seventh-day Adventist Church) Hinduism Sattvic Ahimsa Islam Jainism Judaism Pythagoreanism Rastafari Sikhism Taoism