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Japanese exonyms are the names of places in the Japanese language that differ from the name given in the place's dominant language.

While Japanese names of places that are not derived from the Chinese language generally tend to represent the endonym or the English exonym as phonetically accurately as possible, the Japanese terms for some place names are obscured, either because the name was borrowed from another language or because of some other obscure etymology, such as referring to England (more specifically the United Kingdom) as イギリス (Igirisu), which is based on the Portuguese term for "English", Inglês.^[1] Exonyms for cities outside of the East Asian cultural sphere tend to be more phonetically accurate to their endonyms than the English exonyms if the endonym is significantly different from the English exonym.

The names for nations and cities that existed before major Japanese orthographic reforms in the Meiji era usually have ateji, or kanji characters used solely to represent pronunciation. However, the use of ateji today has become far less common, as katakana has largely taken over the role of phonetically representing words of non-Sino-Japanese origin. As significant differences exist between the pronunciations of the Chinese and Japanese languages, many of the ateji terms for the exonyms of foreign, non-Sinitic terms are unrecognizable in Chinese, and likewise, since some of the ateji terms derived from Chinese, the aforementioned terms do not match the Japanese on or kun readings for the pronunciation of the given kanji.

Legend

†	Archaic, obsolete
‡	Rare
–	Does not exist
(N)	Does not exist, but kept on list for linguistic interest, or to prevent common errors.

Afghanistan (Afuganisutan (アフガニスタン))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Kabul	Kabūru (カブール)	Kābol (کابل‎)	Dari
		Kābəl (کابل‎)	Pashto

Algeria (Arujeria (アルジェリア))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Algiers	Aruje (アルジェ)	Dzayer (ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻ)	Kabyle
		Al-jazāʾir (الجزائر‎)	Arabic
Constantine	Konsutantīnu (コンスタンティーヌ)	Kasantina (ⵇⵙⴻⵏⵟⵉⵏⴰ)	Kabyle
		Qusanṭīna (قُسَنْطِينَة)	Arabic
Oran	Oran (オラン)	Wehran (ⵡⴻⵂⵔⴰⵏ)	Kabyle
		Wahrān (وَهْرَان)	Arabic

Argentina (Aruzenchin (アルゼンチン, 亜爾然丁))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Buenos Aires	Buenosu Airesu (ブエノスアイレス) Bushi (ブ市)	Buenos Aires	Spanish	Also Bushi (ブ市).

Australia (Ōsutoraria (オーストラリア), Gōshū (豪州))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Coral Sea	Kōraru Shī (コーラル・シー) Sangokai (珊瑚海)	Coral Sea	English	Translation from English
Thursday Island	Sāzudē Airando (サーズデー・アイランド) Mokuyōtō (木曜島)	Thursday Island	English	Translation from English

Austria (Ōsutoria (オーストリア, 墺太利))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Vienna	Wīn (ウィーン)	Wien	German	Based on German spelling

Brazil (Burajiru (ブラジル, 伯剌西爾))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Brasília	Burajiria (ブラジリア)	Brasília	Portuguese
Curitiba	Kurichiba (クリチバ)	Curitiba	Portuguese
Rio de Janeiro	Riodejaneiro (リオデジャネイロ)	Rio de Janeiro	Portuguese
São Paulo	Sanpauro (サンパウロ)	São Paulo	Portuguese

Cambodia (Kambojia (カンボジア, 柬埔寨))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Phnom Penh	Punonpen (プノンペン)	Phnom Penh (ភ្នំពេញ)	Khmer
Siem Reap	Shemuriappu (シェムリアップ)	Siĕm-réap (សៀមរាប)	Khmer
Sihanoukville	Shianūkubiru (シアヌークビル)	Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)	Khmer	Based on English

Chile (Chiri (チリ, 智利†)), (Chirii (チリー)),† (Chika (智加))†
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Santiago Metropolitan Region	Shūto-shū (首都州)	Región Metropolitana de Santiago	Spanish

China (Chūgoku (中国))
English name	Japanese name(s)		Endonym		Notes
	Not On'yomi	On'yomi	Name	Language
Beijing	Pekin (北京)[2][3] Hokkin[4]†[5]	(NHokkyō)[3]	pinyin: Běijīng	Mandarin	Pekin same as Japanese pronunciation of historical English exonym[2]
Chengdu	Chendu (成都)	Seito	Chéngdū	Mandarin	Transcription based on Mandarin pronunciation
Changchun	Chanchun (長春)	Chōshun	Chángchūn (长春)	Mandarin
Chongqing	Chonchin (重慶)	Jūkei	Chóngqìng (重庆)	Mandarin
Mount Everest	Eberesuto (エベレスト) Everesuto (エヴェレスト)		Everest	English	Transcriptions based on English
	Chomoranma (チョモランマ)		Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (珠穆朗瑪峰)	Chinese	Transcriptions based on Tibetan
			Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ)	Tibetan
	Sagarumāta (サガルマータ)		Sagaramāthā (सगरमाथा)	Nepali	Transcriptions based on Nepali
Dalian	Dāryen (大連)	Dairen	Dàlián (大连)	Mandarin
Guangdong	Kanton (広東)	(NKōtō)	Guǎngdōng (广东)	Mandarin	Transcription based on historical English exonym
			Gwong2dung1	Cantonese
Guangzhou	Kowanchou (広州)	Kōshū	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin
			Gwong2zau1	Cantonese
Guilin	Guirin (桂林)	Keirin	Guìlín	Mandarin
			Gveilinz	Zhuang
Han River (Hubei)		Kankō (漢江)	Hàn Jiāng (汉江)	Mandarin
		Kansui (漢水)	Hàn Shǔi (汉水)	Mandarin
Harbin	Harubin (ハルビン)[6] Harupin (ハルピン)[6] (哈爾浜,[6] 哈爾賓[6]}		Hā'ěrbīn (哈尔滨)	Mandarin
			Kharbin (Харбин)[6]	Russian
			Halbin (ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ)	Manchu
Hohhot	Fufuhoto (フフホト)		Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特)	Mandarin
			Kökekhota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
Hong Kong	Honkon (香港)[7]	(NKōkō)[8][9]	Hoeng1gong2	Cantonese	Honkon based on English exonym
Macau	Makao (マカオ)	Ōmon (澳門)	Ou3mun2	Cantonese	Makao based on Portuguese exonym
Nanjing	Nankin (南京)[2]	(NNankyō)	Nánjīng	Mandarin	Nankin same as Japanese pronunciation of historical English exonym[2]
Ningxia	Ninshā (寧夏)	Neika	Níngxià (宁夏)	Mandarin
Qingdao	Chintao (青島)	(NSeitō)	Qīngdǎo (青岛)	Mandarin	Not to be confused with Aoshima, two different islands in Japan spelled with the same kanji
Shaanxi	(NShānshī)	Sensei (陝西)	Shǎnxī (陕西)	Mandarin	As the transcriptions for Shanxi and Shaanxi are indistinguishable in Japanese (since the only way to distinguish the two in Mandarin is the tone of the first syllable), it is more common to use the on-yomi as they are distinguishable from each other
Shanghai	Shanhai (上海)[3]	Jōkai[2]†[5][3]	Shànghǎi	Mandarin
			Zaan22 he44	Wu
Shanxi	(NShanshī)	Sansei (山西)	Shānxī	Mandarin	As the transcriptions for Shanxi and Shaanxi are indistinguishable in Japanese (since the only way to distinguish the two in Mandarin is the tone of the first syllable), it is more common to use the on-yomi as they are distinguishable from each other
Shenzhen	Shenchen (シェンチェン)‡	Shinsen (深圳, 深セン)	Shēnzhèn	Mandarin
Tai Po District (Hong Kong)	Taipō (大埔)	Taiho	Daai6bou3	Cantonese	Based on Cantonese pronunciation
Tianjin	Tenchin (天津)	Tenshin	Tiānjīn	Mandarin	Not to be confused with native Japanese word amatsu, written using the same kanji.[10]
Tap Mun (Hong Kong)	Tapumunchau (塔門洲)	Tōmonshū	Taap mùhn Jāu	Cantonese	Transcription based on Cantonese pronunciation
Tibet	Chibetto (チベット)	Seizō (西蔵)	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin	Transcription based on English exonym Tibet
			Bod (བོད)	Tibetan
Ürümqi	Urumuchi (烏魯木斉)	(N)	Wūlǔmùqí (乌鲁木齐)	Mandarin	Transcription based on Mandarin or Uyghur pronunciation
			Ürümçi (ئۈرۈمچى)	Uyghur
Xiamen	Amoi (アモイ, 厦門, 廈門)		Ē-mûi	Hokkien	Based on historical English exonym Amoy
	Shāmen		Xiàmén (厦门)	Mandarin	Based on Mandarin pronunciation
Xi'an	Shīan (西安)	Seian	Xī'ān	Mandarin
Xinjiang	Shinchan (新疆)	Shinkyō	Xīnjiāng	Mandarin
Yangtze	Chan-gawa (チャン川)‡	Chōkō (長江)[11]	Cháng Jiāng (长江)	Mandarin
	Yōsukō (揚子江)[12]	(NYōshikō)	Yángzǐ Jiāng (扬子江)	Mandarin

For place names derived from the Chinese language, Japanese typically uses the kanji equivalents of the Chinese characters that make up their respective endonyms, albeit with a Sino-Japanese pronunciation called on readings. Some place names, however, also have an approximate pronunciation (or transcription) of a historical English exonym if the area is internationally well-known, such as Beijing and Hong Kong, and such transcriptions tend to be more common than the on-yomi or the Mandarin transcriptions. Most place names derived from Mandarin also have a Japanese transcription of the Mandarin pronunciation.

One detail to be noted, however, is that for the names of certain districts or areas in Hong Kong and Macau, the pronunciations of the Japanese transcriptions typically try to imitate the Cantonese pronunciation instead of the Mandarin pronunciation.

The Chinese characters for the endonyms above are simplified Chinese characters and will only appear in the table above if they differ from the kanji shinjitai (the current set of Japanese kanji). Most transcriptions above can be written either in kanji or katakana.

Czech Republic (Cheko (チェコ))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Pilsen	Puruzeni (プルゼニ)	Plzeň	Czech
Prague	Puraha (プラハ) Purāgu (プラーグ) Puraggu (プラッグ)	Praha	Czech

Denmark (Denmāku (デンマーク, 丁抹))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Billund	Birun (ビルン)	Billund	Danish
Copenhagen	Kopenhāgen (コペンハーゲン)	København	Danish	Transcription based on English Copenhagen[13]
	Kubunhaun (クブンハウン)

Egypt (Ejiputo (エジプト, 埃及))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Alexandria	Arekusandoria (アレクサンドリア)	al-ʾIskandariyya (الإسكندرية‎)	Standard Arabic
		Eskendereyya (اسكندرية‎)	Egyptian Arabic
Cairo	Kairo (カイロ)	al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)	Standard Arabic
		Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Nile	Nairu-gawa (ナイル川)	an-Nil (النيل)	Standard Arabic
		en-Nīl (النيل)	Egyptian Arabic

Germany (Doitsu (ドイツ, 独逸))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Berlin	Berurin (ベルリン)	Berlin	German
Cologne	Kerun (ケルン)	Köln	German
Dresden	Doresuden (ドレスデン)	Dresden	German
Frankfurt	Furankufuruto (フランクフルト)	Frankfurt am Main	German
Hamburg	Hanburuku (ハンブルク)	Hamburg	German
Hanover	Hanōbā (ハノーバー) Hanōfā (ハノーファー)	Hannover	German
Munich	Myunhen (ミュンヘン)	München	German

Greece (Girisha (ギリシャ, 希臘))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Athens	Atene (アテネ) Atēnai (アテーナイ)	Athína (Αθήνα)	Greek
Corinth	Korinto (コリント) Korintosu (コリントス)	Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)	Greek
Crete	Kureta (クレタ)	Kríti (Κρήτη)	Greek
Marathon	Marason (マラソン) Maraton (マラトン)	Marathónios (Μαραθώνιος)	Greek	Based on English exonym
Olympia	Orinpia (オリンピア)	Olympía (Ολυμπία)	Greek
Filippoi	Firippi (フィリッピ)	Fílippi (Φίλιπποι)	Greek
Santorini	Santorīni (サントリーニ)	Thíra (Θήρα)	Greek
Sparta	Suparuta (スパルタ)	Spárti (Σπάρτη)	Greek	Based on English
Thebes	Tēbe (テーベ) Tēbai (テーバイ)	Thíva (Θήβα)	Greek
Thessalonica	Tessaroniki (テッサロニキ)	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Greek

Iceland (Aisurando (アイスランド, 愛斯蘭, 氷州), Hyōtō (氷島))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Reykjavik	Reikyabiku (レイキャビク) Reikyavīku (レイキャウィーク)	Reykjavík	Icelandic

India (Indo (インド, 印度))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bangalore	Bangarōru (バンガロール)	Baṅgalūru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)	Kannada
Chennai	Chennai (チェンナイ)	Ceṉṉai (சென்னை)	Tamil
Ganges	Ganjisu (ガンジス)	Gaṅgā (गंगा)	Hindi	Based on English exonym
Hyderabad	Haiderabādo (ハイデラバード)	Haidarābādu (హైదరాబాదు)	Telugu
Kolkata	Korukata (コルカタ)	Kôlkata (কলকাতা)	Bengali
Mumbai	Munbai (ムンバイ)	Mumbaī (मुंबई)	Marathi
New Delhi	Nyūderī (ニューデリー)	Naī Dillī (नई दिल्ली)	Hindi	Based on English exonym

Since India is home to many different languages and English is an official language in the country, Japanese exonyms are largely based on the English exonyms. The English exonyms are also familiar to many Indians.

Indonesia (Indoneshia (インドネシア, 印度尼西亜))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Borneo	Karimantan-tou (カリマンタン島) Boruneo-tou (ボルネオ島)	Kalimantan	Indonesian

Ireland (Airurando (アイルランド, 愛蘭))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Dublin	Daburin (ダブリン)	Baile Átha Cliath	Irish
		Dublin	English

Israel Isuraeru (イスラエル, 以色列)
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Dead Sea	Shikai (死海)[14]	Yam ha-Melah (ים המלח)	Hebrew	Translation of "Dead Sea"
Jerusalem	Erusaremu (エルサレム)	Yerushaláyim (ירושלים)	Hebrew
Nazareth	Nazare (ナザレ)	Natsrat (נצרת)	Hebrew

Italy (Itaria (イタリア, 伊太利亜, 伊太利))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Florence	Firentse (フィレンツェ) Furōrensu (フローレンス)	Firenze	Italian	Furōrensu based on English exonym
Venice	Venetsia (ヴェネツィア) Benetsia (ベネツィア) Benechia (ベネチア) Benisu (ベニス) Venisu (ヴェニス)	Venezia	Italian	Benisu/Venisu from English work of Shakespeare

Japanese exonyms for Italian place names are generally based on the Italian pronunciation rather than English exonyms.

Kazakhstan (Kazafusutan (カザフスタン))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Almaty	Arumatoi (アルマトイ)	Almatı (Алматы)	Kazakh
Astana	Asutana (アスタナ)	Astana (Астана)	Kazakh

Laos (Raosu (ラオス, 羅宇, 老檛))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Luang Prabang	Ruanpabān (ルアンパバーン)	Luangphabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ, ຫຼວງພະບາງ)	Lao	Exonym based on actual Lao pronunciation rather than spelling
Vientiane	Bienchan (ビエンチャン)	Viangchan (ວຽງຈັນ)	Lao	Exonym based on English pronunciation

Liechtenstein (Rihitenshutain (リヒテンシュタイン))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Vaduz	Fadūtsu (ファドゥーツ)	Vaduz	German

Malaysia Marēshia (マレーシア, 馬来西亜)
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Borneo	Boruneo (ボルネオ)	Borneo	Malay
Johor Bahru	Johōrubaru (ジョホールバル)	Johor Bahru	Malay
Kuala Lumpur	Kuararunpūru (クアラルンプール)	Kuala Lumpur	Malay
Penang	Penan (ペナン) Tōjō-tō (東条島) (Former)	Pulau Pinang	Malay
Putrajaya	Putorajaya (プトラジャヤ)	Putrajaya	Malay

Mexico (Mekishiko (メキシコ, 墨西哥))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Ciudad Juárez	Shiudā Fuaresu (シウダー・フアレス))	Ciudad Juárez	Spanish
Cancún	Kankun (カンクン)	Cancún	Spanish
Mexico City	Mekishikoshiti (メキシコシティ)	Ciudad de México	Spanish	Based on the English exonym
Monterrey	Monterei (モンテレイ)	Monterrey	Spanish
Oaxaca	Oahaka (オアハカ)	Oaxaca	Spanish
Puebla	Puebura (プエブラ)	Puebla	Spanish
Puerto Vallarta	Puerutobajaruta (プエルトバジャルタ)	Puerto Vallarta	Spanish
Tijuana	Tifuana (ティフアナ) Tiwana (ティワナ)	Tijuana	Spanish	Tiwana from English pronunciation
Veracruz	Berakurusu (ベラクルス)	Veracruz	Spanish

Myanmar (Myanmā (ミャンマー), (Biruma, †Menden (†緬甸))[15])
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bagan	Bagan (バガン)	Pu.gam (ပုဂံ)	Burmese
Naypyidaw	Nepidō (ネピドー)	Ne-pranytau (နေပြည်တော်)	Burmese
Yangon	Yangon (ヤンゴン)	Rankun (ရန်ကုန်)	Burmese

Netherlands (Oranda (オランダ, 阿蘭陀, 和蘭))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Amsterdam	Amusuterudamu (アムステルダム)	Amsterdam	Dutch
The Hague	Den Hāgu (デン・ハーグ) Hāgu (ハーグ)	Den Haag	Dutch
Rotterdam	Rotterudamu (ロッテルダム)	Rotterdam	Dutch

New Zealand (Nyūjīrando (ニュージーランド))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		North Island	Hokutō (北島)		North Island	English	Translation from English
South Island	Nantō (南島)	South Island	English	Translation from English

North Korea (Kita-Chōsen (北朝鮮))
English name	Japanese name		Endonym		Notes
	Not on-yomi	On-yomi	Name	Language
Kaesong	Keson (開城)	Kaijō‡	Kaesŏng (개성)	Korean
Paektu Mountain	Pekuto-san (白頭山)[16]	Hakutōsan (白頭山)[16] Chōhakusan (長白山)[16]	Paekdusan (백두산)	Korean	On'yomi transcriptions based on Korean and Mandarin Chinese Changbai respectively.
Pyongyang	Pyon'yan (平壌)	Heijō‡	P'yŏngyang (평양)	Korean
Sinuiju	Shiniju (新義州)	Shingishū‡	Sinŭiju (신의주)	Korean
Tumen River	Tomankan (豆満江)	Tōmankō	Duman'gang (두만강)	Korean
Yalu River		Ōryokukō, Ōryokkō (鴨緑江)	Amrokkang (압록강)	Korean

Norway (Noruwē (ノルウェー, 諾威))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Oslo	Osuro (オスロ)	Oslo	Norwegian

Pakistan (Pakisutan (パキスタン, 巴基斯坦)
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Islamabad	Isuramabādo (イスラマバード)	Islāmābād (اسلام آباد)	Urdu
Karachi	Karachi (カラチ)	Karācī (کراچی‎)	Urdu
Lahore	Rahōru (ラホール)	Lāhaur (لاہور)	Urdu

Philippines (Firipin (フィリピン, 比律賓), Hitō (比島))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Albay	Arubai (アルバイ)	Albay	Bikol
Bangsamoro	Bansamoro (バンサモロ)	Bangsamoro	Malay
Camarines Norte	Kita Kamarinesu (北カマリネス)	Camarines Norte	Spanish
Camarines Sur	Minami Kamarinesu (南カマリネス)	Camarines Sur	Spanish
Catanduanes	Katanduanesu (カタンドゥアネス)	Catanduanes	Bikol, Spanish
Legazpi	Regasupi (レガスピ)	Legazpi	Spanish, Bikol
Manila	Manira (マニラ, 馬尼剌†)	Maynila	Tagalog	Based on English exonym
Masbate	Masubate (マスバテ)	Masbate	Bikol
Sorsogon	Sorusogon (ソルソゴン)	Sorsogon	Bikol

Poland (Pо̄rando (ポーランド, 波蘭))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Warsaw	Warushawa (ワルシャワ)	Warszawa	Polish
	Warusо̄ (ワルソー)			Transcription based on English Warsaw

Portugal (Porutogaru (ポルトガル, 葡萄牙))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Lisbon	Risubon (リスボン)	Lisboa	Portuguese	Based on English exonym
Porto	Poruto (ポルト)	Porto	Portuguese	Based on English exonym

Russia (Roshia (ロシア, 露西亜), Rokoku (露国))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Grozny	Gurozunui (グロズヌイ)	Groznyj (Грозный)	Russian
		Sölƶa-Ġala (Соьлжа-ГӀала)	Chechen
Korsakov	Ōtomari (大泊)	Korsakov (Корса́ков)	Russian
Kurilsk	Shana-mura (紗那村)	Kurilsk (Кури́льск)	Russian
Moscow	Mosukuwa (モスクワ)	Moskva (Москва)	Russian
Sakhalin	Karafuto (樺太)	Сахалин (Sakhalin)	Russian
Siberia	Shiberia (シベリア, 西比利亜,† 西伯利亜†)	Sibir' (Сибирь)	Russian
Vladivostok	Urajiosutoku (ウラジオストク)	Vladivostok (Владивосток)	Russian
Yekaterinburg	Ekaterinburuku (エカテリンブルク)	Ekaterinburg (Екатеринбург)	Russian
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk	Toyohara (豊原)	Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Южно-Сахалинск)	Russian

Saudi Arabia (Saujiarabia (サウジアラビア))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Mecca	Mekka (メッカ)	Makkah (مكة)	Arabic
Medina	Medina (メディナ)	Madinah (مدينة)	Arabic
Riyadh	Riyado (リヤド)	Riyadh (رياض)	Arabic

South Africa (Minami Afurika (南アフリカ), Nan'a (南亜))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Cape of Good Hope	Kibōhō (喜望峰)	Cape of Good Hope	English	Translation of Cape of Hope
		Kaap die Goeie Hoop	Afrikaans
Johannesburg	Yohanesuburugu (ヨハネスブルグ)	Johannesburg	Afrikaans	Based on Afrikaans pronunciation

South Korea (Kankoku (韓国))
English name	Japanese name		Endonym	Notes
	Not on-yomi	On-yomi
Busan	Pusan (釜山)	Fuzan	Busan (부산)
Gangnam	Kan'namu (江南)	Kōnan	Gangnam (강남)
Han River (Korea)	Hangan (漢江)	Kankō	Hangang (한강)
Incheon	Inchon (仁川)	Jinsen	Incheon (인천)
Itaewon	Itewon (梨泰院)	Ritai'in	Itaewon (이태원)
Jeju	Cheju (済州)	Saishū	Jeju (제주)
Pyeongchang	Pyonchan (平昌)	Heishō	Pyeongchang (평창)
Seoul	Souru (ソウル)	Keijō (京城)	Seoul (서울)	Souru usually only written in katakana

While most South Korean place names are derived from words in the Chinese language, Japanese can refer to a Korean place name using Japanese on-yomi (Jeju (濟州) is Saishū (さいしゅう) in Japanese) or a pronunciation that imitates the Korean endonym name as closely as possible (Itaewon (梨泰院) is Itewon (イテウォン) or Ritai'in (りたいいん) in Japanese). Many place names in Korea have at least two of the pronunciations, the first being based on the Japanese on-yomi or kun-yomi and the second being based on the Korean endonym, with the latter being made so that the Japanese could navigate and ask for directions more clearly to native Koreans. Korean-based pronunciations are usually written in katakana.

Spain (Supein (スペイン, 西班牙))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Barcelona	Baruserona (バルセロナ)	Barcelona	Spanish
			Catalan
Basque Country	Basuku Chihō (バスク地方)	País Vasco	Spanish
		Euskal Herria	Basque
Madrid	Madorīdo (マドリード) Madoriddo (マドリッド)	Madrid	Spanish
Granada	Guranada (グラナダ)	Granada	Spanish
Seville	Sebiria (セビリア)	Sevilla	Spanish
Valencia	Barenshia (バレンシア)	Valencia	Spanish

Sweden (Suwēden (スウェーデン, 瑞典))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Stockholm	Sutokkuhorumu (ストックホルム)	Stockholm	Swedish

Switzerland (Suisu (スイス, 瑞西))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bern	Berun (ベルン)	Bern	German
Geneva	Junēbu (ジュネーヴ)	Genève	French
Lausanne	Rōzannu (ローザンヌ)	Lausanne	French
Zürich	Chūrihhi (チューリッヒ)	Zürich	German

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Japanese exonyms" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Taiwan (Taiwan (台湾))
English name	Japanese name		Endonym		Notes
	Non on-yomi	On-yomi	Name	Language
Kaohsiung	Takao (高雄)[17] Kaoshun[17]	(‡Kōyū)	Gāoxióng	Mandarin	Takao is based on the Siraya name for the city.[18][better source needed]
			Ko-hiông	Taiwanese Hokkien
			Kô-hiùng	Hakka
Kinmen Quemoy	Jinmen (金門)	Kinmon	Jīnmén	Mandarin
			Kim-mn̂g-koān	Taiwanese Hokkien
			Kîm-mùn-yen	Hakka
Taichung	Taijon (台中) Taitson	Taichū	Táizhōng (臺中)	Mandarin	Transcriptions based on Mandarin pronunciation and Chinese postal romanization, respectively
			Tâi-tiong	Taiwanese Hokkien
			Thòi-chûng	Hakka
Tainan		Tainan (台南)	Táinán (臺南)	Mandarin
			Tâi-lâm	Taiwanese Hokkien
			Thòi-nàm	Hakka
Taipei	Taipei (台北)	Taihoku	Táiběi (臺北)	Mandarin	Transcription based on Chinese postal romanization
			Tâi-pak	Taiwanese Hokkien
			Thòi-pet	Hakka
Taitung	Taidon (台東)	Taitō	Táidōng (臺東)	Mandarin	Transcription based on Mandarin pronunciation
			Tâi-tang	Taiwanese Hokkien
			Thòi-tûng	Hakka

Similar to Chinese exonyms, Japanese can either use a transcription based on Mandarin or the Japanese on-yomi of the endonym. However, there are some Japanese place names that are unrelated to the Chinese name of the place, but are actually based on the Taiwanese aboriginal languages.

Thailand (Tai (タイ, 泰))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Ayutthaya	Ayutaya (アユタヤ)	Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (พระนครศรีอยุธยา)	Thai
Bangkok	Bankoku (バンコク)	Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร)	Thai	Based on English exonym
Chiang Mai	Chenmai (チェンマイ)	Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)	Thai
Chiang Rai	Chenrai (チェンライ)	Chiang Rai (เชียงราย)	Thai
Hua Hin	Hoahin (ホアヒン)	Hua Hin (หัวหิน)	Thai
Krabi	Kurabi (クラビ)	Krabi (กระบี่)	Thai
Pattaya	Pataya (パタヤ)	Pattaya (พัทยา)	Thai
Phi Phi Islands	Pīpī Shotō (ピーピー諸島)	Mu Ko Phi Phi (หมู่เกาะพีพี)	Thai
Phuket	Pūketto (プーケット)	Phuket (ภูเก็ต)	Thai
Sukhothai	Sukōtai (スコータイ)	Sukhothai (สุโขทัย)	Thai

Turkey (Toruko (トルコ, 土耳古))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Ankara	Ankara (アンカラ)	Ankara	Turkish
Cappadocia	Kappadokia (カッパドキア)	Kapadokya	Turkish	Based on English exonym[19]
Tarsus	Tarususu (タルスス)	Tarsus	Turkish
Istanbul	Isutanbūru (イスタンブール)	İstanbul	Turkish
Izmir	Izumiru (イズミル)	İzmir	Turkish

United Arab Emirates (Arabu Shuchōkoku Renpō (アラブ首長国連邦[20])
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Abu Dhabi	Abudabi (アブダビ)[20]	Abu Dhabi (أبوظبي)	Standard Arabic
Dubai	Dobai (ドバイ)[20]	Dubayy (دبي)	Standard Arabic

United Kingdom (Igirisu (イギリス, 英吉利), Egeresu (エゲレス), Eikoku (英国), Rengō Ōkoku (連合王国))
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Belfast	Berufasuto (ベルファスト)	Belfast	English
		Béal Feirste	Irish
Cardiff	Kādifu (カーディフ)	Cardiff	English
		Caerdydd	Welsh
Edinburgh	Edinbara (エディンバラ) Ejinbara (エジンバラ)	Edinburgh	English	Based on the Received Pronunciation of the name as opposed to the Scots pronunciation
			Scots
Northern Ireland	Kita Airurando (北アイルランド)	Northern Ireland	English
		Tuaisceart Éirean	Irish Gaelic
		Norlin Airlann	Ulster-Scots
Oxford	Okkusufōdo (オックスフォード, 牛津)	Oxford	English	Kanji 牛津 is based on the Chinese name for Oxford
Wales	Wēruzu (ウェールズ)	Wales	English
		Cymru	Welsh

United States (Amerika (アメリカ, 亜米利加),[21] Beikoku (米国),[22] Gasshūkoku (合衆国),[23] abbreviation:Bei (米)[22])
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
California	Kariforunia (カリフォルニア) Kashū (加州)†	California	English
Golden Gate Bridge	Gōruden Gēto Burijji (ゴールデン・ゲート・ブリッジ) Kinmon-kyō (金門橋)	Golden Gate Bridge	English	Kimmonkyou is a translation of "Golden Gate Bridge"
Hollywood	Hariuddo (ハリウッド) Shōrin (聖林)‡	Hollywood	English	Shōrin is a translation of "Holy Wood"
Los Angeles	Rosanzerusu (ロサンゼルス) Rafu (羅府)†	Los Angeles	English	Rafu is an abbreviation adapted from a now deprecated Chinese transcription for Los Angeles.[24]
New York City	Nyūyōku (ニューヨーク)	New York City	English
Pearl Harbor	Pāru Hābā (パール・ハーバー) Shinjuwan (真珠湾)	Pearl Harbor	English	Shinju-wan is a translation of "Pearl Harbor"
San Francisco	Sanfuranshisuko (サンフランシスコ) Sōkō (桑港)‡	San Francisco	English
Washington, D.C.	Washinton Dīshī (ワシントンD.C.) Kafu (華府)†	Washington, DC	English	Ka is a transliteration, while fu means capital

Vietnam Betonamu (ベトナム, 越南)
English name	Japanese name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Can Tho	Kantō (カントー)	Cần Thơ (芹苴)	Vietnamese
Dalat	Daratto (ダラット)	Đà Lạt (多樂)	Vietnamese
Danang	Danan (ダナン)[25]	Đà Nẵng (沱㶞)	Vietnamese
Dien Bien Phu	Dienbienfū (ディエンビエンフー)	Điện Biên Phủ (奠邊府)	Vietnamese
Hoi An	Hoian (ホイアン)	Hội An (會安)	Vietnamese
Haiphong	Haifon (ハイフォン)	Hải Phòng (海防)	Vietnamese
Ha Long Bay	Haron-wan (ハロン湾)	Vịnh Hạ Long (泳下龍)	Vietnamese
Hanoi	Hanoi (ハノイ)	Hà Nội (河內)	Vietnamese
Hue	Fue (フエ)	Huế (化)	Vietnamese
Ho Chi Minh City Saigon	Hōchimin-shi (ホーチミン市)	Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (城庯胡志明)	Vietnamese
	Saigon (サイゴン)[26]	Sài Gòn (柴棍)	Vietnamese
Nha Trang	Nyachan (ニャチャン)	Nha Trang (芽莊)	Vietnamese

• Exonym and endonym
• Names of Asian cities in different languages
• Japanese place names
• List of Japanese prefectural name etymologies

• Nelson, Andrew N. (1962) The Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary (Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company)

• List of countries in Ateji