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Lorrain
gaumais
Region	Northeastern France, Belgium
Language family	Indo-European Italic Latino-Faliscan Romance Italo-Western Western Romance Gallo-Romance Gallo-Rhaetian^[1] (possibly) Oïl Lorrain
Early forms	Old Latin Vulgar Latin Proto-Romance Old Gallo-Romance Old French
Dialects	Gaumais^[2] Welche
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	`lorr1242`
Lorrain, at the east among other oïl languages

Lorraine

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Flag of Lorraine since the 13th century
History Mediomatrici & Leuci Gallia Belgica Lotharingia Duchy of Lorraine Duchy of Bar Three Bishoprics Lorraine and Barrois German Empire Lorraine department Third Reich Lorraine department Lorraine region Grand Est
Culture Coat of arms Flag Symbol People Languages Lorrain Lorraine Franconian Low Alemannic Demographics Musée lorrain
Religion Roman Catholicism: Diocese of Metz (Immediately subject to the Holy See) Diocese of Nancy Diocese of Saint-Dié Diocese of Verdun Protestantism: Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine (Moselle) Lutheranism: Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine (Moselle) Calvinism: Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine (Moselle) United Protestant Church of France (rest of Lorraine) Jewish consistories: Metz (Moselle) Nancy (rest of Lorraine)
Law Local law in Alsace-Moselle Concordat in Alsace-Moselle (1801)
Administrative divisions Meurthe-et-Moselle (54) Capital: Nancy Arrondissement of Lunéville Arrondissement of Nancy Arrondissement of Toul Arrondissement of Val-de-Briey Meuse (55) Capital: Bar-le-Duc Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc Arrondissement of Commercy Arrondissement of Verdun Moselle (Lothringen, 57) Capital: Metz Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle Arrondissement of Metz Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins Arrondissement of Sarreguemines Arrondissement of Thionville Vosges (88) Capital: Épinal Arrondissement of Épinal Arrondissement of Neufchâteau Arrondissement of Saint-Dié
Lorraine in the EU European Parliament elections Constituency
Related topics Politics of France Politics of Germany Politics of the European Union
v t e

Lorrain, also known as Lorrain roman, is a langue d'oïl spoken by a minority of people in the region of Lorraine in northeastern France, as well as in some parts of Alsace and Gaume in Belgium. It is often referred to as a patois.

It is a regional language of France. In Wallonia, it is known as Gaumais^[2] and enjoys official recognition as a regional language. It has been influenced by Lorraine Franconian and Luxembourgish, West Central German languages spoken in nearby or overlapping areas.^{[citation needed]}

Features

Linguist Stephanie Russo noted the difference of a 'second' imperfect and pluperfect tense between Lorrain and Standard French.^[3] It is derived from Latin grammar that is no longer used in modern French.

Variations

The Linguasphere Observatory distinguishes seven variants :

Argonnais (Argonne, Woëvre, eastern French Ardennes, Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle)
Longovician (Longwy, Longuyon, northern Meurthe-et-Moselle)
Gaumais (arrondissement of Virton, cantons of Montmédy and Stenay in Meuse and the canton of Carignan in Ardennes)
Messin (Metz, Metzgau and all of French-speaking Moselle)
Nancéien (Nancy, southern Meurthe-et-Moselle)
Spinalian (Épinal, central Vosges)
Deodatian (Saint-Dié, Hautes-Vosges)

After 1870, members of the Stanislas Academy in Nancy noted 132 variants of Lorrain from Thionville in the north to Rupt-sur-Moselle in the south, which means that main variants have sub-variants.

External links

http://www.travelphrases.info/languages/lorrain.htm
(in French) Essai sur le patois lorrain des environs du comté du Ban de la Roche, Jeremias Jacob Oberlin, 1775

References

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Oil". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-10-08. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
^ ^a ^b "Le gaumais". Commune de Meix-devant-Virton en Gaume. Archived from the original on 2022-03-20. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
^ Russo, Stephanie C. (May 2017). The imparfait lorrain in the context of grammaticalization (Thesis thesis).

v t e Languages of Belgium
Official languages	Dutch French German
Germanic	Brabantian East Flemish Limburgish West Flemish Yiddish
Romance	Champenois Lorrain Picard Walloon
Francosign	Flemish Sign Language French Belgian Sign Language
Germanosign	German Sign Language
Indo-Aryan	Sinte Romani

v t e Languages and dialects of Benelux
Dutch Brabantian Central Dutch Hollandic East Flemish Kleverlandish West Flemish Zeelandic Stadsfries English French Belgian French Champenois Lorrain Picard Walloon High German Standard High German Ripuarian Limburgish Low German Northern Low Saxon Gronings Westphalian Achterhoeks Drèents Sallands Stellingwarfs Tweants Urkers Veluws Luxembourgish Papiamento West Frisian
Sign languages	Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS Langue des signes Francophone de Belgique, LSFB Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT Vlaamse Gebarentaal, VGT
Languages of Belgium Languages of the Netherlands Languages of Luxembourg

Gallo-Romance languages and dialects

Areal groups

Canadian French*

Langues d'oïl

Antillean Creole	Dominican Grenadian Saint Lucian
Bourbonnais Creoles	Agalega Chagossian Mauritian Réunion Rodriguan Seychellois
French*	Acadian Chiac St. Marys Bay African* Abidjan Kinshasa Aostan Belgian Métis New England Québécois* Joual Magoua Cambodian Francien Frenchville Haitian Houma French Indian Jersey Legal Laotian Middle French Meridional Metropolitan Missouri Muskrat Newfoundland Ontarian Saint-Barthélemy Saint Pierre and Miquelon Standard Swiss Vietnamese
Norman	Anglo-Norman Augeron Auregnais Cauchois Cotentinais Guernésiais Jèrriais Law French Old Norman Sercquiais
Others	Angevin Berrichon Bolze Bourbonnais Burgundian Burundi Pidgin Camfranglais Champenois Frainc-Comtou Gallo Guianese Haitian Creole* Karipúna Creole Labrador Inuit Pidgin Lorrain Welche Louisiana Creole Louisiana French Michif Moselle Romance Nouchi Old French Orléanais Petit nègre Picard Poitevin-Saintongeais Poitevin Saintongeais Tayo Tây Bồi Walloon Wisconsin Walloon Zarphatic

Francoprovencalic

Faetar/Faetar-Cigliàje
Franco-Provençal/Arpitan
- Savoyard
- Valdôtain

Italics indicate extinct languages or dialects
A star (*) indicates varieties with more than 5 million speakers
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

Romance languages (classification)

Major branches

Eastern

Aromanian
Istro-Romanian
Megleno-Romanian
Daco-Romanian
- dialects
- Banat
- Bukovinian
- Crișana
- Maramureș
- Moldavian
- Oltenian
- Transylvanian
- Wallachian

Italo-
Dalmatian

Central	Central Italian Central Marchigiano Ancona Fabriano Macerata Central−Northern Latian Romanesco Sabino Corsican Gallurese Italian Italo-Australian Maltese Italian Regional Italian Swiss Italian Sassarese Tuscan Florentine
Southern	Extreme Southern Italian Central−Southern Calabrian Salentino Manduriano Sicilian Pantesco Neapolitan–Calabrese Neapolitan Barese Benevento Castelmezzano Cilentan Irpinian Arianese Molisan Southern Latian Tarantino Vastese Northern Calabrian
Others	Dalmatian Romance Dalmatian Istriot Judeo-Italian

Angevin
Berrichon
Bourbonnais
Burgundian
Champenois
- Ardennais
- Rémois
Frainc-Comtou
Gallo
French
- Jersey Legal
- Meridional
- North American dialects
  - Canadian
    - Acadian
      - Chiac
      - St. Marys Bay French
    - Brayon
    - Newfoundland
    - Quebec
      - Joual
      - Magoua
    - Franco-Ontarian
    - Métis
    - Muskrat
    - New England
  - Frenchville
  - Louisiana
    - Houma
  - Missouri
- Creoles
Lorrain
- Gaumais
- Vosgien
- Welche
Mayennais
Moselle Romance
Norman
- Anglo-Norman
  - Auregnais
  - Guernésiais
  - Jèrriais
    - Sercquiais
  - Law French
- Augeron
- Cauchois
- Cotentinais
Orléanais
Paydret
Picard
Poitevin–Saintongeais
- Poitevin
- Saintongeais
Walloon
- West Walloon
- Wisconsin Walloon

Franco-Provençal/Arpitan
Old Gallo-Romance

Ibero-
Romance
(West
Iberian)

Asturleonese	Asturian Eastern Western Cantabrian Leonese Bercian Paḷḷuezu Palra Riberan Riunorese Mirandese Old Leonese
Galician–Portuguese	Fala Galician Galician–Asturian/Eonavian Portuguese dialects African Asian Brazilian Mineiro European Alentejan Oliventine Estremenho Minderico Northern Uruguayan Creoles Portugis Judeo-Portuguese
Castilian	Extremaduran Judeo-Spanish Haketia Tetuani Spanish dialects Equatoguinean Latin American Chilean Chilote Peruvian Peruvian Ribereño Rioplatense Peninsular Andalusian Llanito Castilian Castrapo Castúo Murcian Philippine Saharan Creoles Old Spanish
Pyrenean–Mozarabic	Andalusi Romance Navarro-Aragonese Aragonese Central Eastern Ribagorçan Benasquese Judeo-Aragonese Southern Somontanés Navalese Western Aisinian Ansó Aragüés Hecho Ebro Valley Aragonese Navarrese Old Riojan Valencian Aragonese
Others	Barranquenho (mixed Portuguese–Spanish) Caló (mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)

Occitano-
Romance

Catalan
- dialects
- Eastern
  - Algherese
  - Balearic
    - Mallorcan
    - Menorcan
  - Central
  - Northern
- Judeo-Catalan
- Patuet
- Western
  - Ribagorçan
  - Valencian
Occitan
- Auvergnat
- Gascon
  - Aranese
  - Béarnese
    - Aas whistled
  - Landese
  - Judeo-Gascon
- Judeo-Provençal
- Languedocien
- Limousin
- Provençal
  - Niçard
- Vivaro-Alpine
  - Gardiol
  - Mentonasc
Old Occitan
- Old Catalan

Rhaeto-
Romance

Friulian
- Fornes
Ladin
- Cadorino
- Nones
Romansh
- Jauer
- Putèr
- Surmiran
- Sursilvan
  - Tuatschin
- Sutsilvan
- Vallader

Others

Franco-Italian
Mediterranean Lingua Franca (Western Romance-based pidgin)
Venetian (unknown further classification)
- Chipilo
- Fiuman
- Talian
- Triestine

Others

Reconstructed

Proto-Romance
- Proto-Eastern Romanc

Italics indicate extinct languages
Bold indicates languages with more than 5 million speakers
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

Lorraine topics

Departments

Meurthe-et-Moselle (Nancy)	Arrondissement of Lunéville Arrondissement of Nancy Arrondissement of Toul Arrondissement of Val-de-Briey
Meuse (Bar-le-Duc)	Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc Arrondissement of Commercy Arrondissement of Verdun
Moselle (Metz)	Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle Arrondissement of Metz Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins Arrondissement of Sarreguemines Arrondissement of Thionville
Vosges (Épinal)	Arrondissement of Épinal Arrondissement of Neufchâteau Arrondissement of Saint-Dié