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Massif - Wikipedia

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A massif in Ukraine

A massif (/mæˈsiːf, ˈmæsɪf/) is a principal mountain mass,^[1] such as a compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits (e.g. France's Massif Central). In mountaineering literature, a massif is frequently used to denote the main mass of an individual mountain.

As a purely scientific term in geology, however, a "massif" is separately and more specifically defined as a section of a planet's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. A massif is a smaller structural unit than a tectonic plate and is considered the fourth-largest driving force in geomorphology.^[2]

The word "massif" originates from French (in which the word also means "massive"), where it is used to refer to a large mountain mass or compact group of connected mountains forming an independent portion of a range. The Face on Mars is an example of an extraterrestrial massif.^[3] Massifs may also form underwater, as with the Atlantis Massif.^[4]

List

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008)

Africa

Algeria

Antarctica

Asia

Annapurna – Nepal
Bromo-Tengger-Semeru – Indonesia
Chu Pong Massif – Vietnam
Dhaulagiri – Nepal
Gasherbrum – China-Pakistan
Kangchenjunga – Nepal–India
Knuckles Massif – Sri Lanka
Kondyor Massif – Russia
Kugitangtau Ridge – Turkmenistan
Kumgangsan – North Korea
Logar ultrabasite massif – Afghanistan
Mount Ararat – Turkey
Mount Everest massif (including Lhotse) – Nepal–Tibet (China)
Mount Kinabalu – Malaysia
Mount Tomuraushi – Japan
Nanga Parbat – Pakistan

India

Iran

Kazakhstan

Europe

Aarmassif – Switzerland
Ardennes Massif – France–Belgium–Luxembourg
Åreskutan – Sweden
Arlberg – Austria
Bohemian Massif – Czech Republic
Ceahlău Massif – Romania
Gotthard Massif – Switzerland
Hesperian Massif – Iberian Peninsula
Jungfrau Massif – Switzerland
Mangerton Mountain – Ireland
Montgris – Spain
Montserrat – Spain
Mont Blanc massif – Italy–France–Switzerland
Rhenish Massif – Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France
Rila – Rhodope Massif – Bulgaria–Greece
Troodos – Cyprus
Untersberg – Germany–Austria
Vitosha Massif – Bulgaria

France

Italy

United Kingdom

North America

Canada

United States

Submerged

Atlantis Massif – part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the North Atlantic Ocean
Tamu Massif — the largest volcano on Earth

References

^ "massif". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
^ Allen, P. A. 2008, Time scales of tectonic landscapes and their sediment routing systems, Geol. Soc. Lon. Sp. Pub., v. 296, p. 7–28.
^ Britt, Robert Roy (2006-09-21). "Mars Face Makeover: Controversial Formation Observed from New Angles". Space.com. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ Blackman, Donna (2002). "Geology of the Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N): Implications for the evolution of an ultramafic oceanic core complex". Marine Geophysical Researches. 23 (5): 443–469. Bibcode:2002MarGR..23..443B. doi:10.1023/b:mari.0000018232.14085.75. S2CID 96459991.
^ "The Sydney Morning Herald, November 6, 2009". 2009-11-06.
^ Tollo, Richard (June 16, 2023). "Mesoproterozoic Geology of the Blue Ridge Province in North-Central Virginia: Petrologic and Structural Perspectives on Grenvillian Orogenesis and Paleozoic Tectonic Processes". USGS. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
^ Tollo, Richard (June 16, 2023). "Mesoproterozoic Geology of the Blue Ridge Province in North-Central Virginia: Petrologic and Structural Perspectives on Grenvillian Orogenesis and Paleozoic Tectonic Processes". USGS. Retrieved June 15, 2023.

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