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Metroxylon - Wikipedia

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Metroxylon

Metroxylon sagu
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Subfamily:	Calamoideae
Tribe:	Calameae
Genus:	Metroxylon Rottb.^[1]
Species^[2]
M. amicarum (H.Wendl.) Hook.f. M. paulcoxii McClatchey M. sagu Rottb. M. salomonense (Warb.) Becc. M. upoluense Becc. M. vitiense (H.Wendl.) Hook.f. M. warburgii (Heimerl) Becc.
Synonyms^[3]
Sagus Steck [es] Coelococcus H.Wendl.

Metroxylon is a genus of monoecious flowering plants in the Arecaceae (palm) family, and commonly called the sago palms consisting of seven species. They are native to Western Samoa, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, the Moluccas, the Carolines and Fiji in a variety of habitats, and cultivated westward to Thailand and Malaya.^[3]

The name is a combination of two Greek words: metra meaning "womb", commonly translated as "heart" in this context, and xylon meaning "wood", in allusion to the large proportion of pith contained in the plant.

Description

The trunks of Metroxylon species are solitary or clumped and large to massive in size, and usually sprout aerial roots at leaf-scar rings. All but one is monocarpic (hapaxanthic), foliage is pinnate with oversized petioles and leaf sheaths. The petioles are distinguished by "groups of small black spines resembling the record made by a seismograph as it registers a mild tremor".^[4] All species have spines on the rachis and petiole. The monocarpic species present a Christmas tree shaped inflorescence, or instead, upward-reaching branches spreading horizontally. These panicles are second only to Corypha spp in size, in the case of Metroxylon salomonense growing up to thirty feet (nine meters) in height by up to fifteen feet (4.5 meters) in width.^[5] The fruit, covered in tough shiny scales arranged in precise rows, are relatively large for palms and contain one seed.^[4]

Extant species

It contains the following species ^[6]^[7]^[3]^[2]

Name	Common name	Distribution
Metroxylon amicarum (H.Wendl.) Hook.f.	Caroline ivory-nut palm	Pohnpei, Chuuk
Metroxylon paulcoxii McClatchey		Samoa
Metroxylon sagu Rottb.	Sago palm	New Guinea, Maluku
Metroxylon salomonense (Warb.) Becc.	Solomon palm	New Guinea, Maluku, Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu
Metroxylon upoluense Becc.		Samoa
Metroxylon vitiense (H.Wendl.) Hook.f.	Fiji sago palm	Wallis and Futuna, Fiji
Metroxylon warburgii (Heimerl) Becc.	natangura palm^[8]	Santa Cruz Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu

References

^ Rottboell, Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 2:257. 1783 (conserved name) Type:M. sagu
^ ^a ^b The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=metroxylon (accessed 11 September 2017).
^ ^a ^b ^c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ ^a ^b Riffle, R. L. and Craft, P. (2003). An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-558-6 / ISBN 978-0-88192-558-6 (page 389)
^ Corner, Prof. E.J.H. (1966). Natural History of Palms. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 316–317.
^ WCSP, World Checklist of Arecaceae: Metroxylon Archived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Metroxylon species (Sago palm)" (PDF).
^ Sentance, Bryan; Sentance, Polly (2009). "2 Central and South America". Craft Traditions of the World: Locally Made, Globally Inspiring. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780500514665. OCLC 317919883.

Arecaceae genera

Baker & Dransfield (2016) taxonomy

Calamoideae

Eugeissoneae	Eugeissona
Lepidocaryeae	Oncocalamus Eremospatha Laccosperma Raphia Lepidocaryum Mauritia Mauritiella
Calameae	Korthalsia Eleiodoxa Salacca Metroxylon Pigafetta Plectocomia Myrialepis Plectocomiopsis Calamus

Nypoideae

Nypa

Coryphoideae

Sabaleae	Sabal
Cryosophileae	Schippia Trithrinax Zombia Coccothrinax Hemithrinax Leucothrinax Thrinax Chelyocarpus Cryosophila Itaya Sabinaria
Phoeniceae	Phoenix
Trachycarpeae	Chamaerops Guihaia Trachycarpus Rhapidophyllum Maxburretia Rhapis Livistona Licuala Johannesteijsmannia Pholidocarpus Saribus Lanonia Acoelorraphe Serenoa Brahea Colpothrinax Copernicia Pritchardia Washingtonia
Chuniophoeniceae	Chuniophoenix Kerriodoxa Nannorrhops Tahina
Caryoteae	Caryota Arenga
Corypheae	Corypha
Borasseae	Bismarckia Satranala Hyphaene Medemia Latania Lodoicea Borassodendron Borassus

Ceroxyloideae

Arecoideae

Iriarteeae	Iriartella Dictyocaryum Iriartea Socratea Wettinia
Chamaedoreeae	Hyophorbe Wendlandiella Synechanthus Chamaedorea Gaussia
Cocoseae	Beccariophoenix Jubaeopsis Voanioala Allagoptera Attalea Butia Cocos Jubaea Syagrus Parajubaea Acrocomia Astrocaryum Aiphanes Bactris Desmoncus Barcella Elaeis
Euterpeae	Euterpe Prestoea Neonicholsonia Oenocarpus
Geonomateae	Welfia Pholidostachys Calyptrogyne Calyptronoma Asterogyne Geonoma
Pelagodoxeae	Pelagodoxa Sommieria
Areceae	Actinorhytis Archontophoenix Actinokentia Chambeyronia Kentiopsis Areca Nenga Pinanga Basselinia Burretiokentia Cyphophoenix Cyphosperma Lepidorrhachis Physokentia Carpoxylon Satakentia Neoveitchia Cyphokentia Clinosperma Dypsis Lemurophoenix Marojejya Masoala Calyptrocalyx Linospadix Howea Laccospadix Oncosperma Deckenia Acanthophoenix Tectiphiala Ptychosperma Ponapea Adonidia Balaka Veitchia Carpentaria Wodyetia Drymophloeus Normanbya Brassiophoenix Ptychococcus Jailoloa Manjekia Wallaceodoxa Rhopalostylis Hedyscepe Nephrosperma Phoenicophorium Roscheria Verschaffeltia Bentinckia Clinostigma Cyrtostachys Dictyosperma Dransfieldia Heterospathe Hydriastele Iguanura Loxococcus Rhopaloblaste

Taxon identifiers
Metroxylon	Wikidata: Q312187 Wikispecies: Metroxylon APDB: 228783 BOLD: 412117 CoL: 8VZBV EoL: 29553 EPPO: 1MTRG GBIF: 2733775 GRIN: 7520 iNaturalist: 83101 IPNI: 31366-1 IRMNG: 1070683 ITIS: 500815 NCBI: 93296 NZOR: 5c02faa4-4ebc-4e18-ac3e-62d014467a00 Open Tree of Life: 463387 PLANTS: METRO2 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331238-2 Tropicos: 40018159 WFO: wfo-4000023955

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