Minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia

The appearance of acute myeloblastic leukemia, M0 under microscope. Blasts show no Auer rods.
Specialty	Hematology, oncology

Minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia is a subtype of AML. It is classified as M0 by FAB. It represents 2–3% of all cases of AML.^[1] Although minimally differentiated AML was recognized earlier, criteria for FAB M0 were developed in 1987.^[2] The blasts in these cases cannot be recognized as myeloid based on morphology and cytochemistry, but immunophenotyping demonstrates myeloid antigens.^[3]

Cytochemistry and molecular features

In acute myeloblastic leukemia (M0), the blasts are agranular and nonreactive when stained for myeloperoxidase activity, and Auer rods are not seen. The blasts react with antibodies to myeloperoxidase and antibodies to CD13, CD33, and CD34. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR is positive in most patients. Occasional cases require in situ hybridization to identify the myeloperoxidase gene315 or genomic profiling for early myeloid-associated genes.^[4] Abnormal and unfavorable karyotypes (e.g., loss of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) and 7q-) and higher expression of the multidrug resistance glycoprotein (p170) are frequent.^[5] In general, minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia has a poor prognosis.^[6]

References

^ Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchel RN (2007). Robbins basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders.
^ Lee EJ, Pollak A, Leavitt RD, Testa JR, Schiffer CA (November 1987). "Minimally differentiated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a distinct entity". Blood. 70 (5): 1400–6. doi:10.1182/blood.v70.5.1400.bloodjournal7051400. PMID 3663939.
^ Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN (2003). Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology (11th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
^ Testa U, Torelli GF, Riccioni R, et al. (June 2002). "Human acute stem cell leukemia with multilineage differentiation potential via cascade activation of growth factor receptors". Blood. 99 (12): 4634–7. doi:10.1182/blood.V99.12.4634. PMID 12036900.
^ Lichtman M, et al. (2005). Williams Hematology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
^ Cuneo A, Ferrant A, Michaux JL, et al. (June 1995). "Cytogenetic profile of minimally differentiated (FAB M0) acute myeloid leukemia: correlation with clinicobiologic findings". Blood. 85 (12): 3688–94. doi:10.1182/blood.V85.12.3688.bloodjournal85123688. PMID 7780152.

External links

CFU-GM/
and other granulocytes

CFU-GM

Myelocyte

AML	Acute myeloblastic leukemia M0 M1 M2 APL/M3
MP	Chronic neutrophilic leukemia

Monocyte

AML	AMoL/M5 Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia
CML	Philadelphia chromosome Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia

Myelomonocyte

AML	M4
MD-MP	Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Other

Histiocytosis

CFU-Baso

AML	Acute basophilic

CFU-Eos

AML	Acute eosinophilic
MP	Chronic eosinophilic leukemia/Hypereosinophilic syndrome

MEP

CFU-Meg

MP	Essential thrombocythaemia Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

CFU-E

AML	Erythroleukemia/M6
MP	Polycythaemia vera
MD	Refractory anemia Refractory anemia with excess of blasts Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome Sideroblastic anemia Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia

CFU-Mast

Mastocytoma	Mast cell leukemia Mast cell sarcoma Systemic mastocytosis
Mastocytosis	Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis Erythrodermic mastocytosis Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis Urticaria pigmentosa Mast cell sarcoma Solitary mastocytoma
Systemic mastocytosis	Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis

Multiple/unknown

AML	Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis Myeloid sarcoma
MP	Primary myelofibrosis Biphenotypic acute leukaemia

Category:

Acute myeloid leukemia

Hidden categories:

Cytochemistry and molecular features

See also

References

External links