Northern Borderlands dialect

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Northern Borderlands dialect
dialekt północnokresowy
Native to	Lithuania, Belarus
Language family	Indo-European Balto-Slavic Slavic West Slavic Lechitic Polish Northern Borderlands dialect
Writing system	Latin (Polish alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
Map of borders of the Second Polish Republic until 1939, and modern state of Poland, including the area of the reach of the Northern Borderlands dialect.

Northern Borderlands dialect^[a] is a dialect of the Polish language, spoken by the Polish minorities in Lithuania and in northwestern Belarus.^[1]^[2]

Phonology

The Northern Borderlands dialect retains the same vowel system as standard Polish, however there is often vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Most of the major differences appear in the realization of consonants. See Polish phonology for more information on allophones.

Standard Polish /w/, spelled <ł>, is pronounced /ɫ/, and standard /l/ is palatalized, yielding /lʲ/, like in the Southern Borderlands dialect.
The standard Polish palatal sibilants and affricates, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /t͡ɕ/, and /d͡ʑ/ (spelled ,<ś>, <ź>, <ć>, and <dź> respectively) are pronounced /sʲ/, /zʲ/, /t͡sʲ/, and /d͡zʲ/.

The phoneme charts are as follows:

Oral vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open		a

Nasal vowels
	Front	Back
Mid	ɛ̃	ɔ̃

		Labial	Dental/ alveolar	Post- alveolar	(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar
		Labial	Dental/ alveolar	Post- alveolar	(Alveolo-) palatal	plain	palatalized
Nasal		m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t			k	kʲ
Plosive	voiced	b	d			ɡ	ɡʲ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s, t͡sʲ	t͡ʂ
Affricate	voiced		d͡z, d͡zʲ	d͡ʐ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s, sʲ	ʂ		x	xʲ
Fricative	voiced	v	z, zʲ	ʐ
Tap/trill			r
Approximant			lʲ, ɫ		j

Notes

^ Polish: dialekt północnokresowy

References

^ Zofia Kurzowa (2007). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 978-83-242-0683-4.
^ Zofia Kurzowa (2006). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 83-242-0738-4.

Bibliography

Karaś, Halina (2010). Kresowe odmiany polszczyzny [Borderlands variants of Polish] (in Polish). ISBN 978-83-62844-10-4. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

v t e Polish language
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Greater Poland dialect group	Kociewie Bory Tucholskie Bydgoszcz Krajna Chełmno-Dobrzyń Poznań Kujawy Northern Greater Polish Western Greater Polish Central Greater Polish Eastern Greater Polish Southern Greater Polish
Masovian dialect group	Lubawa Ostróda Warmia Masurian Suwałki Łowicz Near Mazovian Far Mazovian Kurpie Podlachia Białystok Warsaw
Lesser Poland dialect group	Łęczyca Sieradz Masovian Borderland Kielce Kraków Lasovia Eastern Krakow Podegrodzie Limanowa Western Lublin Eastern Lublin Przemyśl Lwów Biecz
Goral ethnolect	Żywiec Orawa Podhale Spisz Babia Góra Kliszczak Pieniny Łącko Piwniczna Zagórze Kysuce Ochotnica Liptov
Kresy dialects	Northern Borderlands Southern Borderlands Lwów
Urban dialects	Bydgoszcz Kraków Lwów Poznań Warsaw

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