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Oleandra

Oleandra distenta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Suborder:	Polypodiineae
Family:	Oleandraceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.
Genus:	Oleandra Cav.
Type species
Oleandra neriiformis Cavanilles
Synonyms
Ophiopteris Reinwardt 1824 Neuronia Don 1825

Oleandra is a genus of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family Oleandraceae, which is placed in suborder Polypodiineae, order Polypodiales.^[1] Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato as the subfamily Oleandroideae.^[2]

The genus contains about 15 species.^[1] Most are erect ground ferns or scandent epiphytes that start from the ground. The lamina (leafy area of the fronds) are simple or pinnate, and the individual pinnae are articulate to the rachis. The sporangia are contained in discrete round sori in a single row on either side of the midrib of the fronds.^{[citation needed]}

Phylogeny

The following cladogram for the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I), based on the consensus cladogram in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I),^[1] shows a likely phylogenetic relationship between Oleandraceae and the other families of the clade.

External phylogeny^[1]

Internal phylogeny^[3]^[4]

Polypodiineae (eupolypods I)

Didymochlaenaceae

Hypodematiaceae

Dryopteridaceae

	Nephrolepidaceae

	Lomariopsidaceae

Tectariaceae

Oleandraceae

	Davalliaceae

	Polypodiaceae

Oleandra

O. distenta

O. articulata

	O. decurrens

	O. pilosa

	O. neriiformis

	O. pistillaris

	O. sibbaldii

	O. wallichii

	O. cumingii

	O. musifolia

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229, S2CID 39980610
^ Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.3.0. 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.

Classification of Archaeplastida or Plantae

(major groups

Picozoa	Picomonas
Rhodelphidia	Rhodelphis
Rhodophyta (red algae)	Cyanidiophyceae Porphyridiophyceae Stylonematophyceae Compsopogonophyceae Rhodellophyceae Bangiophyceae Florideophyceae
Glaucophyta	Glaucocystophyceae
incertae sedis	Algospongia

Viridiplantae
or Plantae
(green algae &
land plants)

Prasinodermophyta	Prasinodermophyceae Palmophyllophyceae

Chlorophyta

Prasinophytina	Mamiellophyceae Pyramimonadophyceae
Chlorophytina	Nephroselmidophyceae Picocystophyceae Chloropicophyceae Pedinophyceae Chlorodendrophyceae UTC clade Ulvophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyceae

Streptophyta

Phragmoplastophyta

Anydrophyta

Zygnematophyceae

Embryophyta (land plants)	(see below↓)

Embryophytes or Plantae

Bryophytes

Marchantiophyta (liverworts)	Haplomitriopsida Marchantiopsida Jungermanniopsida
Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)	Leiosporocerotopsida Anthocerotopsida
Bryophyta (mosses)	Takakiopsida Sphagnopsida Andreaeobryopsida Andreaeopsida Oedipodiopsida Tetraphidopsida Polytrichopsida Bryopsida

Polysporangiophytes

†Protracheophytes*

†Horneophytopsida
†Aglaophyton

Tracheophytes
(vascular plants)

†Paratracheophytes*	†Cooksoniopsida †Rhyniopsida †Renaliales

Eutracheophytes

Lycophytes	†Barinophytopsida †Zosterophyllopsida Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses, spikemosses & quillworts)

Euphyllophytes

†Eophyllophytopsida
†Trimerophytopsida

Moniliformopses	†Ibykales †Cladoxylopsida Polypodiopsida (ferns and horsetails)

Lignophytes

†Progymnosperms*	†Noeggerathiopsida †Aneurophytopsida †Archaeopteridopsida †Protopityales

Spermatophytes
(seed plants)

†Pteridosperms* (seed ferns) and other extinct seed plant groups	†Bennettitales †Calamopityales †Callistophytales †Caytoniales †Cordaitales †Corystospermales †Czekanowskiales †Gigantopteridales †Glossopteridales †Lyginopteridopsida †Medullosales †Peltaspermopsida †Pentoxylopsida †Petriellales
Acrogymnospermae (living gymnosperms)	Cycadopsida (cycads) Ginkgoales (Ginkgo) Pinopsida (conifers) Gnetopsida
Angiospermae (flowering plants)	Basal angiosperms Core angiosperms Magnoliids Monocots Eudicots

Fern classification

Basal clade

†Ibykales
- †Ibykaceae

†Cladoxylopsida

†Cladoxylales
- †Cladoxylaceae
- †Voelkeliaceae
†Hyeniales
- †Hyeniaceae
†Iridopteridales
- †Iridopteridaceae
†Pseudosporochnales
- †Pseudosporochnaceae
†Steloxylales
- †Steloxylaceae

Polypodiopsida

†Stauropterididae

†Stauropteridales
- †Stauropteridaceae

†Zygopterididae

†Rhacophytales
- †Rhacophytaceae
†Zygopteridales
- †Zygopteridaceae

Equisetidae

†Pseudoborniales †Pseudoborniaceae †Sphenophyllales †Aspidostachyaceae †Boegendorfiaceae †Boegendorfiaceae †Eviostachyaceae †Sphenophyllaceae
Equisetales	†Asterocalamitaceae †Autophyllitaceae †Honseleriaceae †Archaeocalamitaceae †Paracalamitaceae †Calamitaceae †Apocalamitaceae †Konnostachyaceae †Manchurostachyaceae †Notocalamitaceae †Schizoneuraceae †Sorocaulinaceae †Echinostachyaceae †Gondwanostachyaceae †Tchernoviaceae Equisetaceae

Ophioglossidae

Psilotales	Psilotaceae
Ophioglossales	Ophioglossaceae

Marattiidae

Marattiales	†Knorripteridaceae †Pecopteridaceae †Ptychocarpaceae †Weichseliaceae †Asterothecaceae †Danaeopsidaceae Marattiaceae

Polypodiidae

†Anachoropteridales
- †Anachoropteridaceae
- †Psalixochlaenaceae
- †Sermayaceae
†Botryopteridiales
- †Botryopteridiaceae
†Senftenbergiales
- †Senftenbergiaceae
†Urnatopteridales
- †Crossothecaceae
- †Discopteridaceae
- †Urnatopteridaceae

Osmundales

†Guaireaceae
Osmundaceae

Hymenophyllales

Hymenophyllaceae

Thyrsopteridineae	Thyrsopteridaceae Loxsomataceae Plagiogyriaceae Culcitaceae
Cyatheineae	†Tanydoraceae Metaxyaceae Cibotiaceae Dicksoniaceae Cyatheaceae

Polypodiales

Saccolomatineae	Saccolomataceae
Lindsaeineae	Cystodiaceae Lonchitidaceae Lindsaeaceae
Pteridineae	Pteridaceae
Dennstaedtiineae	Dennstaedtiaceae
Aspleniineae	Cystopteridaceae Rhachidosoridaceae Diplaziopsidaceae Hemidictyaceae Desmophlebiaceae Aspleniaceae Thelypteridaceae Woodsiaceae Onocleaceae Blechnaceae Athyriaceae
Polypodiineae	Hypodematiaceae Didymochlaenaceae Dryopteridaceae Lomariopsidaceae Nephrolepidaceae Tectariaceae Oleandraceae Davalliaceae Polypodiaceae

Taxon identifiers

Oleandra

Oleandraceae

Wikidata: Q15474808
Wikispecies: Oleandraceae
APNI: 54544
EoL: 6132924
EPPO: 1OLDF
FNA: 10626
FoAO2: Oleandraceae
FoC: 10626
GBIF: 3229339
GRIN: 1262
iNaturalist: 64689
IPNI: 17446010-1
IRMNG: 105880
ITIS: 897572
NCBI: 29629
NZOR: 09de5735-9876-472e-bb5d-1e798fbd75e2
Open Tree of Life: 290276
Paleobiology Database: 54778
Plazi: DABB064B-9A7B-1819-691F-D39060DABC98
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17446010-1
Tropicos: 50109360
WFO: wfo-7000000423

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