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Palintropus - Wikipedia

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(Redirected from Palintropus retusus)

Palintropus Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 76.5–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Clade:	Avialae
Clade:	†Ambiortiformes
Genus:	†Palintropus Brodkorb, 1970
Species:	†P. retusus
Binomial name
†Palintropus retusus (Marsh, 1892)
Synonyms
Cimolopteryx retusa Marsh, 1892 Apatornis retusus (Marsh, 1892)

Palintropus is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. A single species has been named (Palintropus retusus) based on a proximal coracoid from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, dated to the latest Maastrichtian, 66 million years ago.^{[verification needed]} Coracoids and a proximal scapula of two unnamed species from the upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, dating to between 76.5 and 75 million years ago,^[1] are also known.^[2]

Initially it was placed in the wastebin genus "Cimolopteryx". Pierce Brodkorb assigned it its current name, first affiliating it with Apatornis in 1963, and establishing its current genus in 1970.^[3]

Its relationships are not well determined, mainly due to the paucity of material. Several major theories have been established: Like many of the birds of the subtropical coastlands of the Western Interior Seaway - maybe a bit like eastern Australia today - it is sometimes believed to be an early member of the Charadriiformes (waders, gulls, auks, etc.; see also "Graculavidae").^[3] However, an alternate theory is that it is a galliform, perhaps a quercymegapodiid.^[2]

In 2009, Longrich and colleagues proposed that Palintropus is a primitive bird related to Apsaravis. They conducted the first cladistic analysis of the remains, and found this to be the most likely hypothesis, suggesting Palintropus warrants inclusion in the newly established Palintropiformes.^[4]

Footnotes

^ Arbour, V.M.; Burns, M. E.; Sissons, R. L. (2009). "A redescription of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus Parks, 1924 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) and a revision of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1117–1135. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29.1117A. doi:10.1671/039.029.0405. S2CID 85665879.
^ ^a ^b Hope (2002)
^ ^a ^b Brodkorb (1970)
^ Longrich, N. (2009). "An ornithurine-dominated avifauna from the Belly River Group (Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada." Cretaceous Research, 30(1): 161-177.

References

Brodkorb, P. (1970): The generic position of a Cretaceous bird. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Science. 32(3), 239–240.
Hope, Sylvia (2002): The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes. in Chiappe and Witmer, eds. Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. 339–388.

Maniraptora

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Maniraptoriformes

Avemetatarsalia

- see Avemetatarsalia

Theropoda

see Theropoda
Maniraptora	see below↓

Maniraptora

†Elopteryx?
†Fukuivenator?
†Kakuru?
†Migmanychion
†Yaverlandia?

†Alvarezsauroidea

Alvarezsauridae

Parvicursorinae

Dzharaonyx Jaculinykus Khulsanurus Kol? Nemegtonykus Ondogurvel Parvicursor Qiupanykus Trierarchuncus
Ceratonykini	Albinykus Ceratonykus Xixianykus
Mononykini	Albertonykus Linhenykus Mononykus Shuvuuia

†Therizinosauria

Therizinosauroidea

Alxasaurus Beipiaosaurus Enigmosaurus Martharaptor Suzhousaurus
Therizinosauridae	Erliansaurus Erlikosaurus Nanshiungosaurus Neimongosaurus Nothronychus Paralitherizinosaurus Segnosaurus Therizinosaurus

Pennaraptora

†Oviraptorosauria	see Oviraptorosauria
Paraves	see below↓

Paraves

†Palaeopteryx? †Pneumatoraptor †Rahonavis
†Scansoriopterygidae?	Ambopteryx Epidexipteryx Scansoriopteryx Yi
†Anchiornithidae	Anchiornis Aurornis Caihong Eosinopteryx Fujianvenator Liaoningvenator? Ostromia Pedopenna Serikornis Xiaotingia Yixianosaurus
†Archaeopterygidae	Alcmonavis? Archaeopteryx Wellnhoferia Anchiornithidae?
†Dromaeosauridae	see Dromaeosauridae
†Troodontidae	see Troodontidae

Avialae

†Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor †Rahonavis? †Yandangornis †Zhongornis †Anchiornithidae? †Archaeopterygidae? †Scansoriopterygidae?
†Jeholornithiformes	Dalianraptor? Jeholornis Jixiangornis? Kompsornis Neimengornis

Pygostylia

†"Proornis"

†Omnivoropterygidae?

Omnivoropteryx
Sapeornis

†Confuciusornithidae

†Jinguofortisidae

Ornithothoraces

†Enantiornithes	see Enantiornithes
Euornithes	see below↓

Euornithes

†Archaeorhynchus †Bellulornis †Brevidentavis †Changmaornis †Changzuiornis †Chaoyangia †Dingavis †Eogranivora †Gargantuavis? †Hollanda †Horezmavis †Jianchangornis †Jiuquanornis †Juehuaornis †Kaririavis †Meemannavis †Platanavis †Vorona †Wyleyia? †Xinghaiornis †Yumenornis †Zhongjianornis
†Schizoouridae	Mengciusornis Schizooura
†Patagopterygiformes	Alamitornis Kuszholia? Patagopteryx
†Ambiortiformes	Ambiortus Apsaravis? Palintropus?
†Hongshanornithidae	Archaeornithura Hongshanornis Longicrusavis Parahongshanornis Tianyuornis
†Songlingornithidae	Hollanda? Piscivoravis? Songlingornis Yanornis? Yixianornis?
†Yanornithidae	Abitusavis Similiyanornis Yanornis
†Gansuidae?	Changzuiornis Gansus Hollanda? Iteravis Khinganornis Shuilingornis

Ornithurae

†Antarcticavis?
†Apatornis
†Cerebavis
†Gallornis
†Guildavis
†Iaceornis
†Kookne
†Limenavis
†Tingmiatornis

†Ichthyornithes

Ichthyornis
Janavis

†Hesperornithes

Baptornis Brodavis Chupkaornis Enaliornis Judinornis Pasquiaornis Potamornis
Hesperornithidae	Asiahesperornis Canadaga Fumicollis Hesperornis Parahesperornis

†Vegaviidae

†Cimolopterygidae

Aves / Neornithes

- see below↓

Aves / Neornithes

Palaeognathae

- see Palaeognathae

Neognathae

Neoaves

Galloanserae

Anserimorphae	see Anserimorphae
Pangalliformes	see Pangalliformes

Incertae sedis

†Asteriornis †Perplexicervix †Qinornis?
†Dromornithidae	Barawertornis Dromornis Genyornis Ilbandornis
†Gastornithiformes	Brontornis? Gastornis Dromornithidae?
†Pelagornithidae	Aequornis Caspiodontornis Cyphornis Dasornis Gigantornis Laornis? Lutetodontopteris Macrodontopteryx Manu? Odontopteryx Odontoptila Osteodontornis Palaeochenoides Pelagornis Proceriavis? Protodontopteryx Protopelicanus? Pseudodontornis Tympanonesiotes

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