Pano-Tacanan languages

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Pano-Tacanan languages - Wikipedia

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(Redirected from Pano–Tacanan languages)

Pano-Tacanan
(proposed)
Geographic distribution	southern Amazon
Linguistic classification	Macro-Panoan ? Pano-Tacanan
Subdivisions	Panoan Tacanan
Language codes
Glottolog	`pano1259`
Panoan languages (dark green) and Tacanan languages (clear green). Circles indicate locations of modern languages.

Pano-Tacanan (also Pano-Takana, Pano-Takánan, Pano-Tacana, Páno-Takána) is a proposed family of languages spoken in Peru, western Brazil, Bolivia and northern Paraguay. There are two close-knit branches, Panoan and Tacanan (Adelaar & Muysken 2004; Kaufman 1990, 1994), with 33 languages. There are lexical and grammatical similarities between the two branches, but it has not yet been demonstrated that these are genetic (Loos 1999).

Most Panoan languages are spoken in either Peru or western Brazil; a few are in Bolivia. All Tacanan languages are spoken in Bolivia (Ese’ejja is also spoken in Peru).

Genealogical relations

Migliazza has presented lexical evidence in support of a genetic relationship between the Panoan and Yanomaman languages. He also suggests that a Panoan–Chibchan relationship is plausible.^[1]

Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawakan languages due to contact.^[2]

Comparison

Below is a list of lexical cognates shared between Proto-Pano and Proto-Takana, demonstrating the genetic relatedness of the Pano and Takana branches. The two branches also share many basic cognate grammatical morphemes.^[3]

gloss	proto-Pano	proto-Takana	proto-Pano-Takana
tree	*hiwi	*akwi	**hegwi
tooth	*ʂɨ-	*t͡ʂe-	**ʂɨ-
two	*ɾa-ßɨta	*beta	**bɨta
liver	*takwa	*takwa	**takwa
leaf	*pɨɁi	*pei ‘to fan’	**pɨɁi
bone	*ʂao	*t͡ʂau	**ʂau
tongue	*hana	*ana	**hana
hand	*mɨ-	*me-	**mɨ-
night	*(ya)mɨtV	*meta	**mɨta
skin	*ßitsi	*biti	**bitsi
fire	*tsiɁi	*ti	**tsiɁi
knee	*ɾã-	*da	**da-n
blood	*himi	*ami	**hemi
breast	*ʂo-	*aṭṣu	**aṣu
sun	*ßari	*badi ‘moon’	**badi
I	*Ɂɨ	*e	**Ɂɨ
you (sg.)	*mi	*mi	**mi
come	*ßɨ- ‘come, bring’	*be- ‘bring’	**bɨ-
flesh	*nami	*ɾami	**Nami
fat (n.)	*ʂɨni	*ṭṣeri	**ṣɨNi
fingernail	*mɨ̃-tsis[i]	*metiji	**mɨ-tsizi
foot, leg	*ta- ‘foot’	*ta- ‘leg’	**ta-
lip, edge	*kwɨ-	*kwe(i)-	kwɨ ~ kɨ-
cheek	*tamo	*tamu	**tamu
mouth	*kwɨʂa[CV]	*kwat͡ʂa	**kweʂa
elbow	*βaȿ(u)-	*–batʂu	**baṣu
howler monkey	*ɾoʔo	*duʔu	**duʔu
mother	*ɨwa	*e-kwa	**ɨ-kwa
big	*ani	*aɾi	**aNi
flute	*ɾɨwɨ	*dewe	**dɨwɨ
hole	*kini	*kani	**keni

Bibliography

Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). "The native languages of South America." In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
Suárez, Jorge A. (1973). Macro-Pano-Tacanan. In International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 137-154. The University of Chicago Press. Accessed from DiACL.

References

^ American Indian Languages, Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, Campbell, Lyle, 2000.
^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
^ Valenzuela, Pilar; Zariquiey, Roberto (2023-02-16). "Language classification in Western Amazonia: Advances in favor of the Pano-Takana hypothesis". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas. 23. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. doi:10.20396/liames.v23i00.8670150. ISSN 2177-7160.

External links

Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Pano-Takanan reconstructions

Pano-Tacanan languages

Panoan

Mayoruna Panoan

Matses	Demushbo Kulino Matsés
Matis	Amazon Mayoruna Jandiatuba Mayoruna Matis
Other	Korubo Tabatinga Mayoruna

Mainline Panoan
(Nawa Panoan)

Bolivian	Chiriba Chácobo-Pakawara Pakawara Karipuna?
Madre de Dios	Arazaire Atsawaka-Yamiaka Blanco River Remo Tarauacá Kashinawa
Marubo	Marubo Olivença Kulina Katukina
Poyanawa	Iskonawa Jaquirana Remo Môa Nawa Nukini Poyanawa
Chama	Pano Sensi Shipibo
Headwaters	Amawaka Ibuaçu Kashinawa Môa Remo Tuchinawa Yaminawa
Other	Kasharari Kashibo

Tacanan

Italics indicate extinct languages

Primary language families

Africa

Afroasiatic Austronesian Khoe–Kwadi Kx'a Niger–Congo Nilo-Saharan? Tuu Mande? Songhay? Ijaw? Ubangian? Kadu?
Isolates	Bangime Hadza Jalaa Sandawe Laal? Shabo?

Eurasia
(Europe
and Asia)

Isolates

New Guinea
and the Pacific

Isolates

Australia

Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan? Bunuban Darwin Region? Eastern Daly Eastern Tasmanian Garawan Iwaidjan Jarrakan Marrku–Wurrugu? Mirndi Northern Tasmanian Northeastern Tasmanian Nyulnyulan Pama–Nyungan Southern Daly? Tangkic Wagaydyic Western Daly Western Tasmanian Worrorran Yangmanic (incl. Wagiman)?
Isolates	Giimbiyu Malak-Malak (Northern Daly?) Tiwi

North
America

Algic Alsea Caddoan Chimakuan Chinookan Chumashan Comecrudan Coosan Eskaleut Iroquoian Kalapuyan Keres Maiduan Muskogean Na-Dene Palaihnihan Plateau Penutian Pomoan Salishan Shastan Siouan Tanoan Tsimshianic Utian Uto-Aztecan Wakashan Wintuan Yukian Yuman–Cochimí
Isolates	Chimariko Esselen Haida Karuk Kutenai Seri Siuslaw Takelma Timucua Tonkawa Waikuri Washo Yana Yokuts Yuchi Zuni

Mesoamerica

Chibchan Jicaquean Lencan Mayan Misumalpan Mixe–Zoque Oto-Manguean Tequistlatecan Totonacan Uto-Aztecan Xincan
Isolates	Cuitlatec Huave Tarascan/Purépecha

South
America

Isolates
(extant in 2000)

Sign
languages

Arab BANZSL Chinese Francosign Germanosign Indo-Pakistani Japanese Original Thai Swedish Tanzanian?
Isolates	See list of sign languages