Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Podoviridae - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Podoviridae

Typical structure of a podovirus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Duplodnaviria
Kingdom:	Heunggongvirae
Phylum:	Uroviricota
Class:	Caudoviricetes
Order:	Caudovirales
Family:	*Podoviridae*
Subfamilies and genera
see text

Podoviridae was a family of bacteriophage in the order Caudovirales often associated with T-7 like phages.^[1] The family and order Caudovirales have now been abolished, with the term podovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses in this former family.^[2] There were 130 species in this family, assigned to 3 subfamilies and 52 genera.^[3]^[4] This family was characterized by having very short, noncontractile tails. Many former phages in the former family Podoviriade are now classified in the Autographiviridae

Structure

Electron micrograph of podovirus ΦCP7R of *Clostridium perfringens*.

Genomes of some podoviruses of *Clostridium perfringens*

Viruses in the former family Podoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and head-tail geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm,^[3] and consists of 72 capsomers. The head protein has a molecular mass of ~38 kilodaltons and is present in 460 copies per virion. There are 9 structural proteins. The tail is non-contractile and has 6 short subterminal fibers. It is thick and rod-shaped and built of stacked disks. The maximum length is ~17 nm.^{[citation needed]}

The double stranded DNA genome is linear, around 40-42kb in length,^[3] and encodes ~55 genes. The guanine + cytosine content is ~50%. It has terminally redundant sequences and is nonpermuted. By weight, the genome constitutes ~50% of the viron. The genome encodes 9 structural proteins, an adenylated transferase B type DNA polymerase and an RNA polymerase. Three internal proteins constitute the polymerase complex. Two classes of genes are recognized (early and late). This classification is based on the timing of transcription that is temporally regulated. Genes with related functions are clustered together. Genome replication is bidirectional.^{[citation needed]}

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.^[3] Phage infection is considered self-dosing thus self-limiting. After host lysis, new phages trigger a new infection cycle with surrounding bioavailable host species resulting in growth and expansion.^[5]

Taxonomy

Genera within this family have ~40% identity between corresponding proteins. Subfamilies have ~20% identity between corresponding proteins.

The following subfamilies and their genera are recognized (-virinae denotes subfamily and -virus denotes genus):^[4]

Beephvirinae
- Flowerpowervirus
- Immanueltrevirus
- Manuelvirus
Eekayvirinae
- Akonivirus
- Tinytimothyvirus
Sepvirinae
- Diegovirus
- Oslovirus
- Traversvirus

The following genera are not assigned to a subfamily:^[4]

Lastly, the species Pseudomonas virus 119X is unassigned to a genus or subfamily.^[4]

References

^ Nguyen D, Ely B (June 2018). "A Genome Comparison of T7-like Podoviruses That Infect Caulobacter crescentus". Current Microbiology. 75 (6): 760–765. doi:10.1007/s00284-018-1445-9. PMID 29423729. S2CID 253813804.
^ Turner D, Shkoporov AN, Lood C, Millard AD, Dutilh BE, Alfenas-Zerbini P, et al. (January 2023). "Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee". Archives of Virology. 168 (2): 74. doi:10.1007/s00705-022-05694-2. PMC 9868039. PMID 36683075.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Unresolvable Taxon:10744". Viral Zone. ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
^ Criscuolo E, Spadini S, Lamanna J, Ferro M, Burioni R (2017). "Bacteriophages and Their Immunological Applications against Infectious Threats". Journal of Immunology Research. 2017: 3780697. doi:10.1155/2017/3780697. PMC 5412166. PMID 28484722.

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Podoviridae.

Baltimore (virus classification)

DNA

I: dsDNA viruses

Adnaviria

Zilligvirae

Taleaviricota

Tokiviricetes

Ligamenvirales	Lipothrixviridae Rudiviridae
Primavirales	Tristromaviridae

Duplodnaviria

Heunggongvirae

Peploviricota

Herviviricetes

Herpesvirales	Alloherpesviridae Herpesviridae Malacoherpesviridae

Uroviricota

Caudoviricetes

Caudovirales	Ackermannviridae Autographiviridae Chaseviridae Demerecviridae Drexlerviridae Guelinviridae Herelleviridae Myoviridae Podoviridae Rountreeviridae Salasmaviridae Schitoviridae Siphoviridae Zobellviridae

Monodnaviria

Shotokuvirae

Cossaviricota

Papovaviricetes

Sepolyvirales	Polyomaviridae
Zurhausenvirales	Papillomaviridae

Varidnaviria

Bamfordvirae

Nucleocytoviricota

Pokkesviricetes

Asfuvirales	Asfarviridae
Chitovirales	Poxviridae

Megaviricetes

Algavirales	Phycodnaviridae
Imitervirales	Mimiviridae
Pimascovirales	Ascoviridae Iridoviridae Marseilleviridae

Preplasmiviricota

Maveriviricetes

Priklausovirales	Lavidaviridae

Polintoviricetes

Orthopolintovirales	Adintoviridae

Tectiliviricetes

Belfryvirales	Turriviridae
Kalamavirales	Tectiviridae
Rowavirales	Adenoviridae
Vinavirales	Corticoviridae

Helvetiavirae

Dividoviricota

Laserviricetes

Halopanivirales	Matshushitaviridae Simuloviridae Sphaerolipoviridae

Unassigned

Naldaviricetes

Lefavirales	Baculoviridae Hytrosaviridae Nudiviridae
Unassigned	Nimaviridae

Unassigned

II: ssDNA viruses

Monodnaviria

Loebvirae

Hofneiviricota

Faserviricetes

Tubulavirales	Inoviridae Paulinoviridae Plectroviridae

Sangervirae

Phixviricota

Malgrandaviricetes

Petitvirales	Microviridae

Shotokuvirae

Cossaviricota

Mouviricetes

Polivirales	Bidnaviridae

Quintoviricetes

Piccovirales	Parvoviridae

Cressdnaviricota

Arfiviricetes

Baphyvirales	Bacilladnaviridae
Cirlivirales	Circoviridae
Cremevirales	Smacoviridae
Mulpavirales	Metaxyviridae Nanoviridae
Recrevirales	Redondoviridae

Repensiviricetes

Geplafuvirales	Geminiviridae Genomoviridae

Trapavirae

Saleviricota

Huolimaviricetes

Haloruvirales	Pleolipoviridae

Unassigned

RNA

III: dsRNA viruses

Riboviria

Orthornavirae

Duplornaviricota

Chrymotiviricetes

Ghabrivirales	Chrysoviridae Megabirnaviridae Quadriviridae Totiviridae

Resentoviricetes

Reovirales	Reoviridae

Vidaverviricetes

Mindivirales	Cystoviridae

Pisuviricota

Duplopiviricetes

Durnavirales	Amalgaviridae Curvulaviridae Hypoviridae Picobirnaviridae Partitiviridae

Unassigned

Families: Birnaviridae
Polymycoviridae
Genera: Botybirnavirus

IV: (+)ssRNA viruses

Riboviria

Orthornavirae

Kitrinoviricota

Alsuviricetes

Hepelivirales	Alphatetraviridae Benyviridae Hepeviridae Matonaviridae
Martellivirales	Bromoviridae Closteroviridae Endornaviridae Kitaviridae Mayoviridae Togaviridae Virgaviridae
Tymovirales	Alphaflexiviridae Betaflexiviridae Deltaflexiviridae Gammaflexiviridae Tymoviridae

Flasuviricetes

Amarillovirales	Flaviviridae

Magsaviricetes

Nodamuvirales	Nodaviridae Sinhaliviridae

Tolucaviricetes

Tolivirales	Carmotetraviridae Luteoviridae Tombusviridae

Lenarviricota

Leviviricetes

Norzivirales	Atkinsviridae Duinviridae Fiersviridae Solspiviridae
Timlovirales	Blumeviridae Steitzviridae

Amabiliviricetes

Wolframvirales	Narnaviridae

Howeltoviricetes

Cryppavirales	Mitoviridae

Miaviricetes

Ourlivirales	Botourmiaviridae

Pisuviricota

Pisoniviricetes

Nidovirales	Abyssoviridae Arteriviridae Cremegaviridae Coronaviridae Euroniviridae Gresnaviridae Medioniviridae Mesoniviridae Mononiviridae Nanghoshaviridae Nanhypoviridae Olifoviridae Roniviridae Tobaniviridae
Picornavirales	Picornaviridae Marnaviridae Solinviviridae Caliciviridae Iflaviridae Secoviridae Dicistroviridae Polycipiviridae
Sobelivirales	Alvernaviridae Barnaviridae Solemoviridae

Stelpaviricetes

Patatavirales	Potyviridae
Stellavirales	Astroviridae

Unassigned

Families: Permutotetraviridae
Sarthroviridae

V: (–)ssRNA viruses

Riboviria

Orthornavirae

Negarnaviricota

Chunqiuviricetes

Muvirales	Qinviridae

Ellioviricetes

Bunyavirales	Cruliviridae Arenaviridae Fimoviridae Hantaviridae Leishbuviridae Mypoviridae Nairoviridae Peribunyaviridae Phasmaviridae Phenuiviridae Tospoviridae Wupedeviridae

Insthoviricetes

Articulavirales	Amnoonviridae Orthomyxoviridae

Milneviricetes

Serpentovirales	Aspiviridae

Monjiviricetes

Jingchuvirales	Aliusviridae Chuviridae Crepuscuviridae Myriaviridae Natareviridae
Mononegavirales	Artoviridae Bornaviridae Filoviridae Lispiviridae Mymonaviridae Nyamiviridae Paramyxoviridae Pneumoviridae Rhabdoviridae Sunviridae Xinmoviridae

Yunchangviricetes

Goujianvirales	Yueviridae

Ambiviricota

Suforviricetes

Crytulvirales	Dumbiviridae Quambiviridae Trimbiviridae Unambiviridae

VI: ssRNA-RT viruses

Riboviria

Pararnavirae

Artverviricota

Revtraviricetes

Ortervirales	Belpaoviridae Metaviridae Pseudoviridae Retroviridae

VII: dsDNA-RT viruses

Riboviria

Pararnavirae

Artverviricota

Revtraviricetes

Blubervirales	Hepadnaviridae
Ortervirales	Caulimoviridae

Categories:

Hidden categories: