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Pristineanis Temporal range: Early Eocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Picodynastornithes
Order:	Piciformes
Genus:	†Pristineanis Mayr & Kitchener 2024
Type species
†Pristineanis minor Mayr & Kitchener 2024

Pristeanis is an extinct genus of piciform bird known from the Early Eocene. The genus contains three species. Pristineanis minor and Pristineanis major are known from the London Clay in the United Kingdom, while Pristeanis kistneri is known from the Green River Formation in the United States.^[1]

The holotype of Pristeanis, NMS.Z.2021.40.157 is a partial skeleton collected by amateur Michael Daniels from the Walton Member of the London Clay formation in 1984. This specimen was described as Pristeanis minor in 2024 by Gerald Mayr and Andrew Kitchener. Also referred to Pristineanis was NMS.Z.2021.40.158, a partial tarsometatarsus and pedal phalanx, described as Pristineanis major due to its 10% larger size in comparison to the Pristineanis minor holotype. The American species Pristeanis kistneri was originally described in 1973 as a possible piciform as "Neanis" kistneri by Alan Feduccia; its holotype consists of a crushed partial skeleton. A subsequent, more complete specimen showed "N. kistneri" to differ from Neanis schucherti in having an elongate humerus, resulting in reassignment to the genus Pristineanis.^[1]

The fossilised feet of Pristeanis indicate that the genus possessed at least semi-zygodactyl feet. In general, the features of the leg bones in Pristineanis show affinity to those of the Piciformes.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Mayr, Gerald; Kitchener, Andrew C. (1 June 2024). "The Picocoraciades (hoopoes, rollers, woodpeckers, and allies) from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze". PalZ. 98 (2): 291–312. doi:10.1007/s12542-024-00687-9. ISSN 1867-6812.

Genera of trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, woodpeckers and their extinct allies

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Infraclass: Neognathae
Clade: Coraciimorphae
Clade: Cavitaves

Cavitaves

Leptosomiformes

Leptosomidae	Leptosomus †Plesiocathartes? †Waltonavis

Eucavitaves

Trogoniformes

Trogonidae	Apalharpactes Apaloderma †Eotrogon Euptilotis †Foshanornis Harpactes †Masillatrogon †Paratrogon Pharomachrus †Primotrogon Priotelus †Septentrogon Trogon

Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes

- See below ↓

Picodynastornithes

Coraciiformes	See below ↓
Piciformes	See below ↓

Bucerotiformes

†Laurillardiidae

Laurillardia

†Messelirrisoridae

Messelirrisor

Upupi

Phoeniculidae	†Phirriculus Phoeniculus Rhinopomastus
Upupidae	Upupa

Buceroti

Bucorvidae	Bucorvus †Euroceros
Bucerotidae	Aceros Anorrhinus Anthracoceros Berenicornis Buceros Bycanistes Ceratogymna Horizocerus Lophoceros Ocyceros Penelopides Rhabdotorrhinus Rhinoplax Rhyticeros Tockus

Coraciiformes

incertae sedis

†Eocoraciidae

Eocoracias

†Geranopteridae

Geranopterus

†Primobucconidae

Primobucco
Septencoracias

Alcedininae	Alcedo Ceyx Corythornis Ispidina
Cerylinae	Ceryle Chloroceryle Megaceryle
Halcyoninae	Actenoides Caridonax Cittura Clytoceyx Dacelo Halcyon Lacedo Melidora Pelargopsis Syma Tanysiptera Todiramphus

Momotidae

Todidae

†Palaeotodus
Todus

Piciformes

incertae sedis

†"Homalopus"
†Pristineanis

†Gracilitarsidae

Gracilitarsus
Neanis

†Sylphornithidae

Galbuli

†Jacamatia
Bucconidae	Bucco Chelidoptera Hapaloptila Hypnelus Malacoptila Micromonacha Monasa Nonnula Notharchus Nystalus
Galbulidae	Brachygalba Galbalcyrhynchus Galbula Jacamaralcyon Jacamerops

Pici

incertae sedis

†Rupelramphastoides

†Miopiconidae

Miopico

†Picavidae

Picavus

Ramphastides

Capitonidae	Capito †Capitonides Eubucco
Lybiidae	Buccanodon Cryptolybia Gymnobucco Lybius Pogoniulus Pogonornis Stactolaema Trachyphonus Tricholaema
Megalaimidae	Caloramphus Psilopogon
Ramphastidae	Andigena Aulacorhynchus Pteroglossus Ramphastos Selenidera
Semnornithidae	Semnornis

Picides

Indicatoridae	Indicator Melichneutes Melignomon Prodotiscus
Picidae	See below ↓

Picidae

incertae sedis

Jynginae

Jynx

Picumninae

Picumnus

Sasiinae

Sasia
Verreauxia

Picinae

†Australopicus †Palaeonerpes †Pliopicus
Nesoctitini	Nesoctites
Hemicircini	Hemicircus
Picini	Campethera Celeus Chrysophlegma Colaptes Dinopium Dryocopus Gecinulus Geocolaptes Micropternus Meiglyptes Mulleripicus Pardipicus Piculus Picus
Campephilini	Blythipicus Campephilus Chrysocolaptes Reinwardtipicus
Melanerpini	Chloropicus Dendrocopos Dendrocoptes Dendropicos Dryobates Leiopicus Leuconotopicus Melanerpes Picoides Sphyrapicus Veniliornis Xiphidiopicus Yungipicus

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