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Propyrotherium - Wikipedia

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Propyrotherium Temporal range: Late Eocene ~37–34 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Isolated tusk of Propyrotherium, specimen MJHG 254 Pa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Pyrotheria
Family:	†Pyrotheriidae
Genus:	†Propyrotherium Ameghino, 1901
Type species
Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino, 1901
Species
P. saxeum Ameghino 1901

Propyrotherium is an extinct genus of mammals, belonging to the order Pyrotheria. It lived during the Late Eocene, in what is now South America.

Description

This animal is only known from its fossilized dentition. From a comparison with its close relatives, it is supposed that it was a large herbivorous mammal, vaguely similar to an elephant and with massive limb ; it was decidedly smaller than Pyrotherium but still of considerable size, and it is supposed that it was at least two meters long. It was endowed with incisors developed in elongated and forward pointed tusks, with a limited growth, and had large bilophodont molars.

The study of the dentition of Propyrotherium indicates that it had two premolars and three molars in both the maxilla and the mandible. THe teeth gradually increased in size towards the back of the jaws, and the upper teeth gradually increased in the curvature of the ridges, as in Pyrotherium. Although they were bilophodont, the premolars possessed shorter anterior lophids than posterior ones, From the third upper premolar to the third upper molar the teeth were square-shaped and had three toots, while those from the third lower premolar to the third lower molar were longer than their width, with two roots and a vestigial oblique cristid. In many characteristics of its dentition, Propyrotherium differed from Griphodon and Baguatherium.

Classification

Propyrotherium was first described by Florentino Ameghino in 1901, based on fossilized teeth found in Late Eocene rocks from the Chubut Province of Argentine Patagonia. Later findings allowed to realize a complete dental series and to carry cladistic analyzes ; according to those researches, Propyrotherium was ranked as a basal member of the family Pyrotheriidae.^[1]

Bibliography and References

^ A. G. Kramarz and M. Bond. 2014. Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino, 1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34(2):434-443

F. Ameghino. 1901. Notices préliminaires sur des ongulés nouveaux des terrains crétacés de Patagonie [Preliminary notes on new ungulates from the Cretaceous terrains of Patagonia]. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 16:349-429
G. G. Simpson. 1967. The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part II. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 137:1-260

Genera of South American native ungulates

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Xenungulata, Pyrotheria, Astrapotheria, and other minor groups

†Kollpaniidae?

†Didolodontidae

†Protolipternidae

†Xenungulata

†Carodniidae	Carodnia Etayoa Notoetayoa Rodcania

†Pyrotheria

†Colombitheriidae	Colombitherium Proticia
†Pyrotheriidae	Baguatherium Berracotherium Carolozittelia Griphodon Propyrotherium Pyrotherium

†Astrapotheria

Eoastrapostylops

†Trigonostylopidae

†Astrapotheriidae

Antarctodon Astrapodon Comahuetherium Liarthrus Maddenia Parastrapotherium
†Albertogaudryinae	Albertogaudrya Astraponotus
†Astrapotheriinae	Astrapothericulus Astrapotherium Scaglia
†Uruguaytheriinae	Granastrapotherium Hilarcotherium Uruguaytherium Xenastrapotherium

Litopterna

†Eulitopterna

†Adianthidae

†Macraucheniidae

Polymorphis
†Cramaucheniinae	Caliphrium Coniopternium Cramauchenia Llullataruca Phoenixauchenia Pternoconius Theosodon
†Macraucheniinae	Cullinia Huayqueriana Macrauchenia Macraucheniopsis Micrauchenia Oxyodontherium Paranauchenia Promacrauchenia Scalabrinitherium Windhausenia Xenorhinotherium

†Proterotherioidea

†Anisolambdidae

†Anisolambdinae	Anisolambda Eolicaphrium Guilielmofloweria Lambdaconops Paranisolambda Polyacrodon Protheosodon Wainka
†Sparnotheriodontinae	Heteroglyphis Notiolofos Phoradiadius Sparnotheriodon Victorlemoinea

†Proterotheriidae

Mesolicaphrium Neodolodus Olisanophus Promylophis Prothoatherium Pseudobrachytherium Salladolodus
†Megadolodinae	Bounodus Megadolodus
†Proterotheriinae	Anisolophus Brachytherium Diadiaphorus Diplasiotherium Eoauchenia Epecuenia Epitherium Lambdaconus Neobrachytherium Neolicaphrium Paramacrauchenia Picturotherium Prolicaphrium Proterotherium Tetramerorhinus Thoatheriopsis Thoatherium Uruguayodon Villarroelia

†Notopterna

†Amilnedwardsiidae	Amilnedwardsia Ernestohaeckelia Rutimeyeria
†Indaleciidae	Adiantoides Indalecia
†Notonychopidae	Notonychops Requisia

Incertae sedis

Kyraodus
Proacrodon

Notoungulata

incertae sedis

†Notioprogonia

Satshatemnus Seudenius
†Henricosborniidae	Henricosbornia Nanolophodon Othnielmarshia Peripantostylops Simpsonotus
†Notostylopidae	Boreastylops Chilestylops Edvardotrouessartia Homalostylops Notostylops Otrhonia Parastylops

†Toxodontia

†Isotemnidae

†Typotheria

Campanorco
Griphotherion

†Archaeopithecidae

Archaeopithecus
Teratopithecus

†Oldfieldthomasiidae

†Interatheriidae

Antofagastia Ignigena Johnbell Munizia Punapithecus
†Interatheriinae	Archaeophylus Argyrohyrax Boleatherium Brucemacfaddenia Caenophilus Choichephilum Cochilius Eopachyrucos Federicoanaya Interatherium Juchuysillu Miocochilius Neoicochilus Patriarchus Proargyrohyrax Progaleopithecus Protypotherium Santiagorothia
†Notopithecinae	Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus

†Mesotheriidae

Fiandraia? Trachytherus
†Mesotheriinae	Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium Eotypotherium Eutypotherium Hypsitherium Mesotherium Microtypotherium Plesiotypotherium Pseudotypotherium Rusconitherium Typotheriopsis

†Pachyrukhini	Pachyrukhos Paedotherium Tremacyllus

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