Putinversteher or Putin-Versteher (pronounced [ˈpuːtiːnfɛɐ̯ˌʃteːɐ] ⓘ, female form Putinversteherin) is a German neologism (Putin + verstehen), which literally translates to "Putin understander", i.e. "one who understands Putin".[1] It is a pejorative reference to politicians and pundits who express empathy to Vladimir Putin and may also be translated as "Putin-Empathizer".[2] Similar words include Russlandversteher and Russland-Versteher ("Russia-Empathizer").[3]
Origin
The term was first used in March 2014 by the German publications Der Spiegel and Die Welt, shortly after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Der Spiegel used the term when Die Linke politician Sahra Wagenknecht and other party members said that the annexation of Crimea was understandable and justified, arguing that Russia's "legitimate interests in the region" must be taken into consideration.[4] That same month, Die Welt labelled some other people that, who, they view as going too far in their "understanding" of Putin. Foremost was former Social Democratic of Germany (SPD) leader and German chancellor Gerhard Schröder, whose supporters were also irritated by his closeness to Putin.[5]
After the 2014 annexation, many Putinverstehers "backtracked or at least stopped stating their support publicly".[6] After the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, they "came under increasing pressure to publicly distance themselves from Vladimir Putin amid accusations that they were bringing shame on the country and themselves."[7] The Bucha massacre in April 2022 reportedly "made that for most people the arguments typically used by Putinversteher had definitely lost their credibility".[6] By April 2022, the term had gained a different moral connotation than in March 2014. For many, "Bucha had reduced the invasion to a Manichean conflict between good and evil."[8]
Putin-Versteher was among frequent suggestions for the Un-word of the year 2014; the panel of linguists favoured Lügenpresse ("lying press").[9] Among the runners-up was a similar term, Russland-Versteher ("Russia-Understander").[5][10][11][12] Although the word was used in English media as early as 2014, it became an international term after the 2022 Russian invasion.[6]
Scope and usage
Characterization
A major cornerstone of "Putin-friendly" attitudes is the "legitimate interests of Russia" in the post-Soviet states,[11] while another typical trait is anti-Americanism.[2] Putinversteher are typically politically heterogeneous and include figures across the political spectrum. Namely, businesspeople with business interests in Russia.[11][10] Paul Roderick Gregory wrote that they "serve as Putin's first line of defence against meaningful European sanctions for the Anschluss of Crimea".[2]
Academic Taras Kuzio has criticized scholars of Russia, whom he defines as Putinversteher, in particular, their response to the Russo-Ukrainian War. In his definition, he calls these scholars "those who seek to always deflect criticism from Russian President Putin and Russia and lay blame on Ukraine, NATO, the EU, and the US."[13]
In Germany
The foremost figure described as Putinversteher is Schröder; however, by March 2014, many others were mentioned.[5] One of these was president Thomas Bach of the International Olympic Committee.[14] The feminist journalist Alice Schwarzer said that 96.77% of the inhabitants of Crimea wanted to belong to Russia.[15] Peter Gauweiler of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria spoke in favour of cooperation with Russia on 5 March 2014. The former European Commissioner Günter Verheugen of the SPD called Svoboda members of the Ukrainian government "richtige Faschisten" (true fascists).[16] Alexander Gauland of Alternative for Germany (AfD) had previously stated that Russia would never condone the loss of "Holy Kiev, birthplace of Russia". The Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance has defended the annexation of Crimea by pointing to the anti-Russian sentiment in Kyiv and repeating other Russian propaganda. Armin Laschet of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) spoke of Anti-Putin-Populismus (anti-Putin populism) in Germany. Gernot Erler of the SPD had called for "an end to Russia Bashing".[5][17]
Katrin Göring-Eckardt of the Alliance 90/The Greens accused Wagenknecht and The Left party of being Putinversteher and against all foreign intervention, except when Russia did it.[citation needed] Paul Roderick Gregory described Schröder (SPD) as "the most egregious Putinversteher". Gregory wrote that Schröder might be susceptible to Putin's pressure because he chaired the board of Nord Stream 1 with an official one million dollar honorarium. Gregory mentioned that Schröder called to respect Russian "sensitivities" and compared the separatism of Crimea with that of Kosovo.[2] The term was applied to former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt of the SPD by The Economist, Forbes, and in Schmidt's biography book. Schmidt argued that Putin's annexation of Crimea, while illegitimate, was "understandable". In an interview, he said: "If you placed yourself in Putin's shoes, you would likely react in the case of Crimea as he did."[2][10][18]
By 2022, the numbers of the Putinversteher had dwindled. In February 2022, Friederike Haupt, a political observer from Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, wrote that Putinversteher could be found primarily in the far-right AfD and The Left parties, as well as in parts of the SPD.[19] An example of a journalist who has continued to be labelled a Putinversteher is Gabriele Krone-Schmalz.[20] Due to his Russia policy and attitude towards NATO. Rolf Mützenich, the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the Bundestag, has been repeatedly referred to as a Putinversteher, which he has always denied.[21]
In November 2023, the journalist and Putin-biographer Hubert Seipel, known for his unique, personal access to Vladimir Putin, was labelled a Putinversteher after it was revealed that he had received €600,000 from Russia to write a book titled Putin’s Power: Why Europe Needs Russia via sanctioned oligarch Alexei Mordashov.[22][23][24]
In France
Marine Le Pen and the far-right National Rally were considered Putinversteher in France. In May 2014, she praised Putin as a patriot and defender of the Christian heritage of European civilization.[25] In September 2014, her party received a loan of 9 million euros from the First Czech Russian Bank based in Moscow. While not illegal, it cast doubt on her objectivity towards Putin.[26] In January 2017, she condoned the Russian annexation of Crimea.[27] On 24 March 2017, Putin officially received Le Pen in the Kremlin.[28] After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Le Pen's party hastily removed a picture of the 2017 visit to Putin from its communication material,[29] with Le Pen denying being a friend of Putin. In April 2022, party members of the European Parliament broke their tradition of opposing resolutions against Russia by being absent.[27]
On the left, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, leader of La France Insoumise (LFI), was described by some as fitting the traditional profile of a Putinversteher for some of his positions on the Russo-Ukrainian war. In March 2014, he legitimized the invasion of Crimea as "a security measure against an adventurous Putschist regime in which neo-Nazis have a despicable influence".[30] By October 2022, LFI had changed its tune and spoke of a Russian war of aggression.[31] In November 2022, LFI members of the European Parliament abstained from declaring Russia a state sponsor of terrorism.[32]
In the Netherlands
After the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the number of Putinversteher in the Netherlands quickly diminished. As of October 2022, the Forum for Democracy (FvD) was the only Dutch party still enthusiastic about Putin. As a result, the Labour Party and GroenLinks proposed to bar FvD from confidential meetings about military aid for Ukraine. Rob Bertholee, former head of the Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service, publicly supported this move.[33]
On 19 December 2022, members of the Golfgroep petitioned the Dutch government to promote negotiations between Russia and Ukraine. The petition was signed by about two dozen university staff and some elderly ex-politicians.[34] Critics argued that the wording of the petition suggested that both sides had an equal share in causing the war and that war crimes were not mentioned.[34][35] A critic remarked about the petition that it "at least admitted that Russia had invaded Ukraine."[35]
In Russia
The term was embraced in Russia, where a company named Putinversteher sells memorabilia (rings, clothes, and the like) with Putin imagery.[36]
See also
- Fellow traveller, or less charitably, useful idiot
- Mitläufer
- Vatnik
- Valdai Discussion Club
- Westsplaining
References
- ^ Umland, Andreas (21 January 2016). "The Putinverstehers' Misconceived Charge of Russophobia". Archived from the original on 15 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Gregory, Paul Roderick (5 April 2014). "Empathizing With The Devil: How Germany's Putin-Verstehers Shield Russia". Forbes.
- ^ Bachmann, Klaus (8 April 2022). "Für immer Russlandversteher: Viele Deutsche nehmen Ukraine nicht ernst". Berliner Zeitung.
- ^ Reinbold, Fabian (17 March 2014). "Linkspartei in der Krim-Krise: Die Putin-Versteher". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Krim-Krise: Was die Putin-Versteher in Deutschland antreibt". Die Welt. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b c Hucal, Sarah (6 April 2022). "German term 'Putinversteher' goes international". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ Connolly, Kate (28 February 2022). "Germany's 'Putin-caressers' start coming to terms with their naivety". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ Hirsi Ali, Ayaan (8 April 2022). "This isn't a war between good and evil, Mythical struggles are the tool of the despot". Unherd.
- ^ ""Lügenpresse" ist Unwort des Jahres 2014". Deutsche Welle. 13 January 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b c "How very understanding: Germany's ambivalence towards Russia reflects its conflicted identity". the Economist. 8 May 2014.
- ^ a b c Portnov, Andriy (24 November 2014). "Germany and the disinformation politics of the Ukraine crisis". openDemocracy.
- ^ "Pressemitteilung: Wahl des 24. "Unworts des Jahres"" (PDF).
- ^ Kuzio, Taras (2020). "Crisis in Russian Studies? Nationalism (Imperialism), Racism and War". E-International Relations. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ Bouwman, Bertus (31 March 2014). "Zeven Duitse vrienden van Poetin: van Siemens-topman Kaeser tot Helmut Schmidt" [Seven German friends of Putin: From Siemens manager Kaeser to Helmut Schmidt]. Duitslandnieuws.
- ^ Alice Schwarzer: Warum ich trotz allem Putin verstehe! 18 March 2014.
- ^ Müller, Dirk (18 March 2014). "Gefahr einer Spirale nach unten". Deutschlandfunk.
- ^ "Krim-Krise: Diese Deutschen verstehen Russland – Bilder & Fotos – WELT". DIE WELT.
- ^ Michael Schwelien, Helmut Schmidt – Ein Leben für Deutschland. Die Biographie, p.270
- ^ Haupt, Friederike (26 February 2022). "Putinversteher am Abgrund". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
- ^ Georgi, Oliver (10 July 2022). "Linke und der Krieg: Putin verstehen und kapitulieren". Faz.net – via www.faz.net.
- ^ Interview: SPD-Fraktionschef Mützenich: "Ich bin ganz sicher kein Putin-Versteher", Augsburger Allgemeine vom 4. Oktober 2023.
- ^ Meier, Christian; Müller, Uwe (16 November 2023). "Der "Putin-Versteher" und das Geld aus Russland" [The „Putin-Versteher“ and the money from Russia]. Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ Alecci, Scilla (14 November 2023). "German journalist dubbed the 'Putin connoisseur' had secret book deal with Russian oligarch". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Influential German Journalist Received Money From Russia, Investigation Claims". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Marine Le Pen fait l'éloge de Vladimir Poutine "le patriote"". Le Figaro. 18 May 2014.
- ^ Millot, Lorraine; Bouchet-Petersen, Jonathan (23 November 2014). "Financement du Front national : Marine Le Pen en eau rouble". Libération.
- ^ a b Geoffroy, Romain; Vaudano, Maxime (20 April 2022). "Quels sont les liens de Marine Le Pen avec la Russie de Vladimir Poutine ?" [What are the ties between Marine le Pen and Vladimir Putin's Russia?]. Le Monde.
- ^ Mandraud, Isabelle (24 March 2017). "A Moscou, Vladimir Poutine adoube Marine Le Pen". Le Monde.
- ^ Massol, Nicolas; Berteloot, Tristan (1 March 2022). "Cette photo Le Pen-Poutine qui gêne au RN". Libération.
- ^ "Mélenchon dénonce un nouveau "pouvoir putschiste aventurier" à Kiev" [Mélenchon denounces a new 'adventurous Putschist power' in Kiev]. lepoint.fr. Le Point. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "Est-ce que la Russie a encore des amis chez les politiques français ?" [Does Russia still have friends among French politicians?]. Radiofrance. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "Le Parlement européen qualifie la Russie d'Etat promoteur du terrorisme" [The European Parliament qualifies Russia as a 'state sponsor or terrorism']. Le Monde. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "Oud-AIVD directeur wantrouwt FvD: 'Baudet is buitengewoon enthousiast over Poetin'" [Former AIVD chief suspects FVD: Baudet is exceptionally enthusiastic about Putin]. BNN Vara. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ a b Teunissen, Jan Joost (19 December 2022). "Oekraïne-oorlog - Oproep tot onderhandelen" [Ukraine War, appeal to negotiate]. Golfgroep. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ a b Van der Starre, Jeroen (9 January 2023). "Petitie 'voor onderhandelingen' is vileine pro-Poetinpropaganda" [Petition for negotiations is villainous Putin propaganda]. BNNVARA. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "В России начались продажи патриотических колец с Путиным за 7500 рублей". gazeta.ru. 8 May 2014.
External links
- Sarah Hucal: German term 'Putinversteher' goes international, Deutsche Welle, 6 April 2022.
- Gregor Peter Schmitz: "Putin-Versteher" im Westen Archived 20 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, comment on Radio Deutschlandfunk, 26 February 2022. (German)
- Alice Schwarzer: Warum ich trotz allem Putin verstehe! ("Why I understand Putin despite everything!"), 18 March 2014. (German)
