Rafael Zaldívar | |
---|---|
President of El Salvador | |
In office 1 May 1876 – 21 June 1885 | |
Preceded by | Andrés del Valle |
Succeeded by | José Rosales Herrador |
Personal details | |
Born | 1834 San Alejo, Federal Republic of Central America |
Died | 2 March 1903 Paris, France | (aged 68–69)
Nationality | Salvadoran |
Political party | Liberal |
Occupation | Politician, diplomat |
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Rafael Zaldívar (1834 – 2 March 1903) was President of El Salvador from 1 May 1876 until 21 June 1885,[1][2] and later a diplomat.
Zaldívar studied medicine in Europe and began his career as a physician. In 1860 he was appointed to the Chair of Philosophy and Hygiene at the University of Guatemala. After leaving this post, Zaldívar entered politics and was elected to the House of Representatives, then to the Senate, and finally elected president in 1876.[2]
It was under his administration that liberal reforms abolished the existence of collectively owned ejidos and tierras comunales throughout the country. He also remains a key figure in what later became known as the "Coffee Revolution." It was Rafael Zaldívar who introduced reforms that paved the way for cultivation on large scale. Under the Zaldívar administration, virgin land was turned into farmlands. This was done by allowing for the sale of Indigenous lands. Resistance resulted from Indigenous Salvadorans, but it was quelled by the Zaldívar government, mostly by creating and then deploying a rural police force.[3]
President Zaldívar was not in favour of the proposed rebirth of the Unified Central Republic agreed to by his predecessors and decided to withdraw from the Union. He was later overthrown in a military coup and succeeded by General Francisco Menéndez. He was appointed as his country's Envoy Extraordnairy and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom in early 1900,[4] and later held the same position to France. He died in Paris in 1903 while serving as his country's minister to France.[2]
References
- ^ "Rafael Zaldivar". The Biographical Magazine. 1 (10): 10–11. August 1884.
- ^ a b c "Dr. Rafael Zaldivar Dead". The Washington Post. 5 March 1903.
- ^ "Rafael Zaldívar". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
- ^ "No. 27172". The London Gazette. 9 March 1900. p. 1629.
- Presidents of El Salvador
- 1834 births
- 1903 deaths
- People from La Unión Department
- 19th-century Salvadoran people
- Leaders ousted by a coup
- Salvadoran physicians
- 19th-century physicians
- Members of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
- Presidents of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
- Salvadoran politician stubs