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Rathwali dialect - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rathwali
राठवाली राठी

Native to	India
Region	Uttarakhand
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan North-Western or Northern Central Pahari Rathwali
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	`rath1241`
Rathwali Approximate location of the Rathi-speaking area in India
Coordinates: 30°03′55″N 78°30′23″E / 30.0653°N 78.5064°E / 30.0653; 78.5064

Rathwali(rāṭhavālī) or Rathi is spoken in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwhali,^[1] belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson) which itself has been classified as a dialect of Hindi. It is also known as Rathi(rāṭhī). It comes under the Indo Aryan family.

Grammar

Gender :

Rules for gender are same as Srinagaria.

Number :

Tadbhava masc. nouns which end with a in Hindi, in Rathwali end with o. However some exceptions exist.

Cases :

Cases^[2]
Case
agent	न, ल
accusative	गणी
instrumental	न, ल
dative	गणी(to), खुणी(to) थां(to), कूं(for)
ablative	गणी(from), मकोई(from), बटी(from) उण्डे(out of), मांय-ल(among), से , ते
genitive	को
locative	मा(in, into), माँ(in, into), गणी(in), पार(on), तल(below)

Adjectives :

Follows same rules as Srinagaria, however the final a is changed into a.

Pronouns :

Personal^[3]
	sing.	pul.
nom.	mi, mi tu,tu	ham, hamu tum,tumu
ag,	mi-la, mai-la ti-la, twe- la	hamu-la, ham-na tumu-la, tum-na
gen.	mero, myoro	tero, tyoro
obl.	mai, mi , mi tai, ti, twa	ham, hamu tum, tumu

Demonstrative^[4]
	sing.	pul.
nom.	yo wo	yo,yu wo,wu
obl.	yai wai, we,wi	wo, wu un, wun, u, wu

Relative^[1]
	sing.	pul.
nom.	jo, ju	jo
obl.	jai, je	jau

Correlative^[1]
	sing.	pul.
nom.	so	so
obl.	tai, te	tau

Reflexive Pronoun is aaphu

Conjugation :

Auxiliary Verbs & Verbs Substantive

Present^[5]
	sing.	pul.
I am	chhū, chhaū	chhawā
thou art	chhai,chhaī	chhavu
he is	chha, cha	chhī

Past ^[6]
	sing.	pul.
was	chhayō(masc) chhayā(fem)	chhōyō(masc) chhāyā

Comparative analysis

Words
Srinagaria	Rathwali	Translation
bal	latula	hair
baba te	babu gani	to a father/from a father
lokhar	luho	iron
nauno/nauni	laudo/laudi	boy/girl
hondo	honnu	being
janaani	siani	woman
ghar	kudo	house
khado ho	thado ho	stand up
door	tada	far
agadi/pichhadi	aghin/pachhin	after/before

Phrases
Srinagaria	Rathwali	Translation
mai marda	mai mannu	I beat
tu mardi	tu marni	thou beatest
wo mard	wo marn	he beats
ham maarda	ham maarnu	we beat
tum marda	tum maarni	you beat
wo mardin	wo maani	they beat
main maare	mi la maara	I beat(past)
tin maare	ti la maara	thou beatest (past)
wain maare	wa la maara	he beat(past)
haman maare	hamu la maara	we beat (past)
tuman maare	tumu la maara	you beat(past)
un maare	wunoon la maare	they beat(past)
mai maarnu chhaun	mi manu chhaun	I am beating
mai marnu chhayo	mi maarno chhoyo	I was beating
main maaryun chhayo	mai la maaryala	I had beaten
main maaroon	mi maaroon	I may beat
main maarulo	mi marulo	I shall beat
tu marilo	tu maril	thou wilt beat
wo marlo	wo marul	he will beat
ham maarla	ham maala	we shall beat
tum marilya	tum malya	you will beat
wo maarla	wo maala	they will beat

Script & specimen

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 315.
^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 312–313.
^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 313–314.
^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 314.
^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 315–316.
^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 316.

State of Uttarakhand

State capitals: legislative: Dehradun (winter); Bhararisain (summer); judicial: Nainital

Government

Symbols	Day Emblem Song Motto
Executive	Governor Chief Minister Council of Ministers Cabinets Chief Secretary Gazette Agencies Departments Disaster Response Force Fire and Emergency Services Provincial Armed Constabulary Forest Department Police Department Public Service Commission Provincial Civil Service Provincial Police Service Provincial Forest Service
Legislature	Legislative Assembly History Speaker Leader of the Opposition
Judiciary	High Court Chief Justice Judges Bar Council Lok Adalat Lokayukta

History

Ancient
kingdoms

Medieval
kingdoms

Colonial
Uttarakhand

Company rule	Ceded and Conquered Provinces North-Western Provinces Agra Presidency
Crown rule	United Provinces of Agra and Oudh United Provinces of Agra and Oudh United Provinces

Contemporary
Uttarakhand

Geography
and
ecology

Geological
features

Mountains	Great Himalayas Garhwal Himalayas Sivalik Hills Mountain peaks Bugyals Lakes
Plains	Bhabar Terai Doab Ganges Basin

Ecoregions

Highlands	Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Himalayan subtropical pine forests
Lowlands	Western Himalayan broadleaf forests Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests

Demographics

Ethnic
groups

Indo-Aryans	Garhwalis Kumaonis Jaunsaris Buksas Tharus
Tibeto-Burmans	Bhotiyas Shaukas Rajis Jads Banrawats
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes	Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes

Languages

Official

Spoken

Indo-Aryan	Garhwali Kumaoni Jaunsari Bangani Buksa Tharu
Tibeto-Burman	Rongpo Byangsi Chaudangsi Darmiya Raji Rawat Jad

Administrative
divisions

Urban	Districts Tehsils Urban Local Bodies Municipal Corporations
Rural	Parganas Community Development Blocks

Politics

Tourism

Monuments	World Heritage Site Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Ramsar Wetland Asan Barrage Monuments of National Importance State Protected Monuments Temples Tourist attractions in Dehradun
Chardham circuit	Gangotri Yamunotri Yamunotri Temple Badrinath Badrinath Temple Kedarnath Kedarnath Temple Sapta Badri Panch Kedar Panch Prayag Gomukh
National parks	Gangotri Govind Pashu Vihar Jim Corbett Nanda Devi Rajaji Valley of Flowers

Sports