Sarpol-e Zahab

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Sarpol-e Zahab

Coordinates: 34°27′32″N 45°51′41″E / 34.45889°N 45.86139°E

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Sarpol-e Zahab Persian: سرپل ذهاب
City
Serpêlî Zehaw

Sarpol-e Zahab
Coordinates: 34°27′32″N 45°51′41″E / 34.45889°N 45.86139°E / 34.45889; 45.86139^[1]
Country	Iran
Province	Kermanshah
County	Sarpol-e Zahab
District	Central
Population (2016)^[2]
• Total	45,481
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)

Sarpol-e Zahab (Persian: سرپل ذهاب)^[a] is a city in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.^[4] The town is close to Qasr-e Shirin and the Iraqi border.^[5]

Demographics

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Language and ethnicity

[edit]

The town is populated by Kurds.^[6]

Sarpol-e Zahab linguistic composition
language			percent
Southern Kurdish			65%
Central Kurdish			30%
Gorani			5%

Population

[edit]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 34,632 in 8,210 households.^[7] The following census in 2011 counted 35,809 people in 9,447 households.^[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 45,481 people in 12,850 households.^[2]

Reliefs

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The area of Sar-e Pol-e Zahab has several more or less well preserved reliefs of the Lullubi kingdom, as well as a Parthian relief.

Lullubian reliefs

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The most famous of these reliefs is the Anubanini rock relief. Another relief named Sar-e Pol-e Zohab I is about 200 meters away, in a style similar to the Anubanini relief, but this time with a beardless ruler.^[9] The attribution to a specific ruler remains uncertain.^[9] There are also other Lullubian relief in the same area of Sar-e Pol-e Zahab.^[10]

Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, relief I^[9]
Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, relief II: Anubanini rock relief^[9]
Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, relief III^[9]
Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, relief IV^[9]

Parthian relief

[edit]

Another relief is located below the Anubanini relief, lower on the cliff. This relief was created during the Parthian Empire in the name of Gotarzes, possibly Gotarzes I, but more probably the Parthian king Gotarzes II, who ruled from 39 to 51 CE and is known to have made other reliefs, such as the equestrian relief at Behistun.^[11]^[12]

The second relief, below the Anubanini relief, a Parthian relief.
Drawing of the Parthian relief.

Notes

[edit]

^ Also romanized as Sar-e Pol-e Z̄ahāb, Sarpol-e Z̄ahāb, Sarpole Zahab; Sarpole-Zahâb; Sarpolezahāb; also known as Pol-e Z̄ahāb, Pol-e Z̄ohāb, Sar-ī-Pūl Zūhāb, Sarī-Pūl, Sarpol; and Serpêlî Zehaw (Kurdish: سەرپێڵی زەهاو)^[3]

References

[edit]

^ OpenStreetMap contributors (18 July 2023). "Sarpol-e Zahab, Sarpol-e Zahab County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 18 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 05. Archived from the original (Excel) on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
^ Sarpol-e Zahab can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3078472" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Bakhtran province, centered in the city of Bakhtran". Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of Farabi Mobile Library (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
^ خسروزاده, علیرضا; نظری, سامر. "سرپل ذهاب پیشنهادی برای جاینام حلوان بر اساس مطالعه ی مدارک نوشتاری". نشریه پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران. 6 (11): 107–116.
^ "Language distribution: Kermanshah Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 05. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 05. Archived from the original (Excel) on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Osborne, James F. (2014). Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology. SUNY Press. pp. 123–124. ISBN 9781438453255.
^ Vanden Berghe, Louis. Relief Sculptures de Iran Ancien. pp. 19-21.
^ Vanden Berghe, Louis. Relief Sculptures de Iran Ancien. p. 45.
^ Deuren, Greet van (2017). Iran (in Dutch). Gottmer Uitgevers Groep b.v. ISBN 9789025763961.

Kermanshah Province, Iran

Capital

Kermanshah

Counties and cities

Dalahu County	Kerend-e Gharb Gahvareh
Eslamabad-e Gharb County	Eslamabad-e Gharb Homeyl
Gilan-e Gharb County	Gilan-e Gharb Sarmast
Harsin County	Harsin Bisotun
Javanrud County	Javanrud
Kangavar County	Kangavar
Kermanshah County	Kermanshah Halashi Kuzaran Robat
Paveh County	Paveh Banevreh Bayangan Nowdeshah Nowsud
Qasr-e Shirin County	Qasr-e Shirin Sumar
Ravansar County	Ravansar Shaho
Sahneh County	Sahneh Mian Rahan
Salas-e Babajani County	Tazehabad Ezgeleh
Sarpol-e Zahab County	Sarpol-e Zahab
Sonqor County	Sonqor Satar

Sights

Kohneh Bridge
Behistun Inscription
Taq-e Bostan
Temple of Anahita
The Stone cave Hossein Kuhkan
Dinavar
Ganj Dareh
Essaqwand Rock Tombs
Sorkh Deh chamber tomb
Malek Tomb
Hulwan
Median dakhmeh(Darbad,Sahneh)
Ghar Parau
Do-Ashkaft Cave
Tekyeh Moaven al-molk
Dokan Davood Inscription,Sar Pol-e-Zahab
Tagh e gara,Patagh pass
Sarab Niloufar
Ghoori Ghale Cave
Khaja Barookh's House
Chiyajani Tappe
Statue of Herakles in Behistun complex
Emad al doleh Mosque
Tekyeh Biglarbeygi
Hunters cave,Behistun_complex
Jamé Mosque of Kermanshah
Godin Tepe
Bas relief of Gotarzes II of Parthia
Anubanini rock relief

populated places

List of cities, towns and villages in Kermanshah Province

Sarpol-e Zahab County

Capital

Sarpol-e Zahab

Districts

Central

Cities

Sarpol-e Zahab

Rural Districts
and villages

Beshiva Pataq	Aineh Balvan Barzelak Chalekah Darvand Fuladi Gavchali Habibvand Jalalvand-e Olya Jalalvand-e Sofla Kolah Mal Kuhali Kusehha Mahaki Amin Beyg Mahaki Naser Mian Kabud-e Qasem Mohammad Ali Qoregah Paleh Bid-e Sofla Pataq Pol Mahit Rafi Rezalak Rizvand-e Ali Akbar Rizvand-e Najaf Sherkat-e Zarai Dalahu
Dasht-e Zahab	Akbarabad Barq va Baran-e Olya Barq va Baran-e Sofla Bi Bayan Bishgan Elyas-e Mahmud Elyasi-ye Khalifeh Hoseyn Jaberi Kalareh-ye Mehrabi Kalareh-ye Zhaleh Kalashi-ye Abdol Qader Kuik-e Azizi Amin Kuik-e Hasan Kuik-e Mahmud Kuik-e Majid Kushkari-ye Namdar Majrilan Maleh Dizgeh Mirmiru Nowshiravan Qaleh Bahadri Qaleh Vari Qaleh Zehab Qolkhanchek-e Shah Tutiya Saleh Kucheri Sarab-e Zehab Taesheh Mahmud Nazari Tang-e Hammam Tapani Tappeh Darab Khan Tappeh Maran
Howmeh-ye Sarpol	Ab Barik Ahmadabad Asgar Khani Baba Eskandar Bazgir-e Qaleh Parvar Berimvand Damagh Sefid Dastak-e Olya Dastak-e Sofla Dul-e Elyas Galam Kabud-e Olya Galam Kabud-e Sofla Gol-e Khatr Henidar-e Ebrahim Khan Henidar-e Mafruzeh Kani Aziz Kelineh Khargineh-ye Kuik-e Shekar Khatuneh Majid Qaleh Parvar Meleh Kabud Mian Mil Naveh Fereh Pavenar Pespes Piran Qaleh Rashid Aqa Qaraviz Qareh Bolagh Sheykh Morad Qareh Bolagh-e Azam Quchi Bashi Rashid Abbas Rikhak-e Olya Rikhak-e Sofla Salman Tappeh Sarab-e Garm-e Olya Sarab-e Garm-e Sofla Sarableh Shahrak-e Zerai Qareh Bolagh Shamshir-e Darreh Rashid Tappeh Rash Kalashi Tayeni Varkurak Zafaran Zaleh Rash Zarrin Ju Zarrin Jub Zilubostam
Posht Tang	Anjireban Avareh Ali Bani Havan Bozmirabad Dangi-ye Abbas Dangi-ye Ali Beyg Dangi-ye Kak Abdollah Deh Sefid Elyasi-ye Ahmad Elyasi-ye Saleh Matta Farj Emam Farmayisheh Allah Nazer Guri Zardallahi Javanmiri Javanmiri-ye Olya Jenan Kafru Bavakeh Kafru Salman Maleh Rulan Marshaar Mivali Shirkhan Mivali-ye Darab Khan Mivali-ye Sofla Mollah Karamineh Pir Mikayil Qaleh Kuh Khosrow Qaluh Darreh Ramaki-ye Ramezan Saravareh-ye Vali Najafi Sarzal-e Vali Nazeri Tal Khalvati-ye Qader Rahman Tolsem Shahbaz Vazard Tohmasab
Qaleh Shahin	Abuzar Garrison Anzal Asiab Qermez Bar Aftab-e Golin Dar Balut Dar Kenar Dartut Davazdah Emam Dulangan-e Olya Dulangan-e Sofla Emamiyeh-e Olya Emamiyeh-e Sofla Ganjureh Kah Sara Kal Davud Kalaveh Lavasani Meshkenar Mostafa Ahmadi Naraman-e Naqareh Kub Nowdeh Osman Qaleh Gelineh Qaleh Sefid-e Olya Qaleh Sefid-e Sheykh Hasan Qaleh Sefid-e Sofla Qeytak Sarab-e Qaleh Shahin Sarbagh-e Golin Tang-e Esmail Tappeh Azimeh Tarkeh Veys

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International	VIAF
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Demographics

Language and ethnicity

Population

Reliefs

Lullubian reliefs

Parthian relief

See also

Notes

Further reading

References