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Shabaki
شەبەکی
Native to	Iraq
Region	Mosul
Ethnicity	Shabaks
Native speakers	250,000 (2018)^[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Northwestern I Zaza–Gorani^[2]^[3] Gorani Shabaki
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`sdb`
Glottolog	`shab1251`

Shabaki is an Indo-Iranian language and belongs to the subgroup Zaza-Gorani^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] of the Northwestern Iranian languages. The Shabaki language is spoken by the Shabak people^[6]^[7] in the Mosul region of northern Iraq. It has similarities with the Northwestern Iranian language Gorani (or Hawrami), which is often referred as a "Kurdish dialect", although the Kurdish languages form an independent group within the Northwestern Iranian languages. Shabaki is a distinct language.^[8]^[9]^[10] It also has elements of Arabic, Turkish and Persian language.^[5]^[11] The number of speakers of Shabaki was estimated in 1989 to be between 10,000 and 20,000.^[12] Currently, the number of native speakers of Shabaki is estimated at 250,000.^[13] As Shabaki is one of the Zaza–Gorani languages, it is most similar to other languages in the Northwestern Iranian branch like Gorani (Hewrami), Bajelani, Sarli and Zazaki.

Shabaki is a language in its own right and not a spoken dialect of any other language, with its own vocabulary and pronunciations, despite the fact that words from many other languages have entered into it as a result of the geographical nearness to other ethnic tribes.^[14]

Status

The Shabak people fear the demise of the Shabaki language especially after the occupation of the ISIS terrorist groups to their home in Nineveh Plain, which led to the displacement of the majority of their population and the other groups residing in that area.^[15]

Comparison

Pronouns

Shabaki	Zazaki	Southern Kurdish	Sorani	Kurmanji	Hewrami	Persian	English
emin-em	ez, min	mi/min	min	ez, min	emin, min	mən	I, me, mine, my
etu	ti, to	tu/tû	to	tu, te	eto, to	to, tu	thou, thee, thine
ew, îna	a, o	ew/ewe	ew	ew, wî, wê	ew	û	s/he, his, hers, him, her
hima-alama-gişt	ma	îme	ême	em, me	ma	ma	we, our
işma	şima	îwe	êwe	hûn, we	şima	şuma	you, your
işan	înu, înan	ewan/ewane	ewan	ewan, wan	ade	anha	they, them, their

Vocabulary

Shabaki	Zazaki	Southern Kurdish	Sorani Kurdish	Kurmanji Kurdish	Hewrami	Persian	English
çam	çim	çem/çew	çaw	çav	cem	çəşm/çişm	eye
ziwan	ziwan	ziwan	ziman	ziman	ziwan	zəban	tongue, language

Literature

Dr. Sultan, Abbas Hassan Jassim (University of Kufa, Iraq)
- Shabaki - English Dictionary or here as PDF (2016)
- An Account of Light verb constructions in Shabaki (Vol. 5 2011, 2)
- An Account of Clitics in Shabaki with Reference to Wackernagel's Law (2014)
- Serial verb constructions in Shabaki
- Reciprocal Pronouns in Shabaki (Vol. 4 2010, 1)
- Causatives in Shabaki (Vol. 4 2010, 2)
- An Account of Epistemic Modality in Shabaki
- The truth conditional content of evidentials in Shabaki
- Evidentials in Shabaki
- Shabaki alphabets or here as Slideshow
E. K. Brown, R. E. Asher, J. M. Y. Simpson (Elsevier, 2006)
- Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Band 2

References

^ Shabaki at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
^ ^a ^b "Zaza-Gorani". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
^ ^a ^b Hulst, Harry van der; Goedemans, Rob; Zanten, Ellen van (2010). A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110196313.
^ Hindo, Walid A. (2016-09-08). From Baghdad on the Tigris to Baghdad on the Subway. Archway Publishing. ISBN 9781480834033.
^ ^a ^b Gunter, Michael M. (2018-02-20). Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538110508.
^ Abd al-Jabbar, Falih. Ayatollahs, sufis and ideologues: state, religion, and social movements in Iraq. University of Virginia 2008.
^ Sykes, Mark. The Caliphs' last heritage: a short history of the Turkish Empire
^ Löwer, Hans-Joachim (2015-02-16). Die Stunde der Kurden: Wie sie den Nahen Osten verändern (in German). Styriabooks. ISBN 9783990403549.
^ Hann, Geoff; Dabrowska, Karen; Townsend-Greaves, Tina (2015-08-07). Iraq: The ancient sites and Iraqi Kurdistan. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 9781841624884.
^ al-Lami, Mina (2014-07-21). "Iraq: The minorities of Nineveh". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
^ "Shabak - Minority Rights Group". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
^ Ethnologue about Shabaki
^ "Shabak - Minority Rights Group". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
^ Glenewinkel, Klaas. "The Shabak - A Brief Overview". Niqash. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
^ "International Mother Language Day in Karbala, Iraq - Telegram7". Telegram7. 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2018-10-26.

Iranian languages

History

Eastern

Pamir	Bartangi Ishkashimi Khufi Munji Roshani Sanglechi Sarikoli Shughni Vanji Wakhi Yazghulami Yidgha
Others	Avestan Bactrian Khwarezmian Parachi Pashto Central Northern Southern Wanetsi Ormuri Sarghulami Scythian Alanian Ossetian Digor Iron Jassic Saka Sogdian Yaghnobi

Western

North	Ashtiani Balochi Makrani Daylami Fars Gilaki Gorani Gorgani Kurdish Kurmanji Sorani Xwarin Kordali Laki Mazanderani Tabaroid Median Old Azeri Parthian Semnani Lasgerdi Sangsari Semnani proper Sorkhei Taleshi Tati Tatoid Zaza Zoroastrian Dari
South	Achomi Bashkardi Garmsiri Kuhmareyi Kumzari Luri Bakhtiari Pahlavani Persian Caucasian Tat Dari Hazaragi Tajik Old Persian Middle Persian

Others

Badeshi (unknown further classification)

Italics indicate extinct or historical languages.
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

Shabaki language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

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