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Shakai Taishūtō - Wikipedia

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Shakai Taishūtō 社会大衆党
Leader	Abe Isoo
Founded	July 24, 1932 (1932-07-24)
Dissolved	July 6, 1940 (1940-07-06)
Merger of	Social Democratic Party National Masses Party [ja] National Labour-Farmer Party [ja] New Labour-Farmer Party [ja]
Merged into	Imperial Rule Assistance Association
Headquarters	Tokyo City
Ideology	Social democracy^[1] Anti-capitalism^[1] Anti-communism^[1] Until 1938: Anti-fascism^[1] After 1938: Shōwa Statism^[1] Totalitarianism^[1]
Political position	Centre-left to left-wing After 1938: Far-right
Politics of Japan Political parties Elections

The Shakai Taishūtō (社会大衆党, Socialist Mass[es] Party or Social Mass[es] Party) was a moderate leftist political party in early Shōwa period Empire of Japan.

The Shakai Taishūtō was founded by Abe Isoo in July 1932, as a merger of the Shakai Minshūtō (Socialist Mass Party) with the Zenkoku Rōnō Taishūtō (National Labour-Farmer Mass Party).^[2] In a period of increasing extremism in politics, the new party attempted to maintain a middle-of-the road approach which inevitably resulted in a confused policy.

On one hand, the Shakai Taishūtō supported agrarian reform and pushed for improvement in the lot of the farmers by cutting the military budget; on the other hand, it cultivated ties with the Tōseiha political faction within the Imperial Japanese Army, and supported Japanese aggression in Manchuria. The Shakai Taishūtō advocated increased international cooperation and opposed Japan's withdraw from the League of Nations, but at the same time supported the invasion of China in 1937.

It was the only leftist party allowed to function in the 1930s, and it emerged as the third-largest party in the Lower House of the Diet of Japan, with 36 seats after the 1937 General Election. The party received support from a wide cross-section of the electorate, including middle class shop owners resentful of the zaibatsu, salaried-workers, and some minor bureaucrats.^[3] However, the basic split within the Shakai Taishūtō internally between supporters of social democracy versus fascism came to a head after the vote to expel Saitō Takao from the Diet arose after he sharply criticized the conduct of the Imperial Japanese Army and its actions on the Asian mainland. Members of the party who had abstained from the motion to purge Saitō were expelled for "unpatriotic sentiments", causing chairman Abe Isoo to resign as well.^[4] The remainder of the party grew increasingly nationalistic and militaristic, and was absorbed into the Imperial Rule Assistance Association in 1940.^[5]

Election results

Election	Votes	%	Seats	Change
1936	518,844	4.66	18 / 466
1937	928,934	9.10	37 / 466	19

References

Scalapino, Robert (1962). Democracy and the Party in Prewar Japan. University of California Press. ASIN B0007FP0H6.
Large, Stephen S. (2010). Organized Workers and Socialist Politics in Interwar Japan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521136310.
Sims, Richard (2019). Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation 1868–2000. University of California Press. ISBN 9781349632404.

Notes

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yoshimi, Yoshiaki. "社会大衆党(しゃかいたいしゅうとう)とは". kotobank.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved February 15, 2020. (from Encyclopedia Nipponica)
^ Scalapino. Democracy and the Party in Prewar Japan. page 374.
^ Large. Organized Workers and Socialist Politics in Interwar Japan. Page 200.
^ Large. Organized Workers and Socialist Politics in Interwar Japan. Page 220.
^ Sims. Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation. Page 216.

v t e Political parties of the Empire of Japan by decade of establishment
1870s	Aikoku Kōtō Aikokusha
1880s	Daidō Club [ja] Daidō Danketsu Undō [ja] Daidō Kyōwakai [ja] Liberal Party of Japan Rikken Kaishintō Rikken Teiseitō
1890s	Chūgoku Progressive Party Dōmei Seisha Dōshi Seisha Eastern Liberal Party Kensei Hontō Kenseitō Kokumin Jiyutō Kokumin Kyōkai Liberal Party Rikken Kakushintō Shimpotō Taiseikai Teikokutō
1900s	Boshin Club Daidō Club Dōshi Club Liberal Party Rikken Seiyūkai Seiyū Club Yūkōkai Yūshinkai
1910s	Chūō Club Chūseikai Ekirakukai Ishinkai Kenseikai Kōseikai Kōyū Club Rikken Dōshikai Rikken Kokumintō Shinseikai Seikō Club Seiyū Club Seiwa Club
1920s	Chūsei Club Dai-Ichi Hikaeshitsukai Dōkōkai Enlightened People's Communist Party Farmer-Labour Party Japan Farmers Party Japan Labour-Farmer Party Japan Masses Party Japanese Communist Party Kakushin Club Kakushintō Kokumin Doshikai Koshin Club Labour-Farmer Masses Party Labour-Farmer Party Meiseikai Mushozoku Club National Democratic Party Proletarian Masses Party Rikken Minseitō Seiyūhontō Shinsei Club Shintō Club Shōwa Club Social Democratic Party
1930s	Dai-Ichi Giin Club Dai-Ichi Hikaeshitsu Dai-Ni Hikaeshitsu Japan Proletarian Party Japan State Socialist Party Jikyoku Dōshikai Kokumin Dōmei Mushozokushitsu Rikken Seiyūkai–Kanemitsuha Rikken Seiyūkai–Kuharaha Rikken Seiyūkai–Nakajimaha Shakai Taishūtō Shōwakai Tōhōkai Zenkoku Rōnō Taishūtō Zenkoku Taishūtō
1940s	Dōjin Club Dōkōkai Giin Club Gokuku Dōshikai Imperial Rule Assistance Association Koa Giin Dōmei Rikken Seiyūkai–Shin Churitsuha Shūhin Giin Club Yokuso Giin Dōshikai

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