| Shcha | |
|---|---|
| Щ щ | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Cyrillic |
| Type | Alphabetic |
| Language of origin | Old Church Slavonic |
| Sound values | [ɕ], [ʂtʂ], [ʃt] |
| In Unicode | U+0429, U+0449 |
| History | |
| Development | |
| Transliterations | Shch shch, Šč šč, Ŝ ŝ |
Shcha (Щ щ; italics: Щ щ or Щ щ; italics: Щ щ), Shta, or Scha is a letter of the Cyrillic script.[1] In Russian, it represents the long (sometimes short) voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative /ɕː/, similar to the pronunciation of sh in 'sheep'. In Bulgarian, it represents the consonant cluster /ʃt/, like the pronunciation of “scht” in Borscht. In Ukrainian and Rusyn, it represents the consonant cluster /ʂt͡ʂ/. Most other non-Slavic languages written in Cyrillic use this letter to spell the few loanwords that use it or foreign names; it is usually pronounced /ʃ/, an approximation of the Russian pronunciation of the letter, and is often omitted when teaching those languages.
In English, Russian Shcha is romanized as ⟨shch⟩, ⟨ŝ⟩, ⟨šč⟩ or occasionally as ⟨sch⟩, all reflecting the historical Russian pronunciation of the letter (as a combined Ш and Ч).[2] English-speaking learners of Russian are often instructed to pronounce it in this way although it is no longer the standard pronunciation in Russian (it still is in Ukrainian and Rusyn, as above). The letter Щ in Russian and Ukrainian corresponds to ШЧ in related words in Belarusian.
History
Cyrillic Щ (Early Cyrillic form: 
) is derived from the Glagolitic letter shta Ⱋ,[3] which was a ligature of sha Ⱎ (= Cyrillic Ш, pronounced [ʃ]), and tverdo Ⱅ (= Cyrillic Т, pronounced [t]).[4] The original pronunciation, [ʃt], is maintained in Bulgarian.
This letter was also used in the Komi language as /t͡ʃ/, but it has fallen out of use in favour of digraph ⟨тш⟩.
Form
The form of the letter shcha is considered to have originated as a ligature of the letters Ш and Т.[5] However in later orthographies it began to be depicted as the letter Cyrillic Sha (Ш ш) with a descender. The descender (also used in Ц) has been reinterpreted as a diacritic and used in several letters for non-Slavic languages, such as Ң and Қ.
Related letters and other similar characters
- Ш ш : Cyrillic letter Sha
- С́ с́ : Montenegrin Sje
- Ŝ ŝ : Latin letter Ŝ
- Ś ś : Latin letter Ś
Computing codes
| Preview | Щ | щ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1065 | U+0429 | 1097 | U+0449 |
| UTF-8 | 208 169 | D0 A9 | 209 137 | D1 89 |
| Numeric character reference | Щ |
Щ |
щ |
щ |
| Named character reference | Щ | щ | ||
| KOI8-R and KOI8-U | 253 | FD | 221 | DD |
| Code page 855 | 250 | FA | 249 | F9 |
| Code page 866 | 153 | 99 | 233 | E9 |
| Windows-1251 | 217 | D9 | 249 | F9 |
| ISO-8859-5 | 201 | C9 | 233 | E9 |
| Macintosh Cyrillic | 153 | 99 | 249 | F9 |
See also
- Mama ŠČ!
- Transliteration table for romanization of Russian, provides versions ⟨ŝ⟩ (note circumflex vs. caron/háček in ⟨šč⟩), ⟨shh⟩
References
- ^ "Cyrillic script". omniglot.com. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Maier, Ingrid (2021). "Russian Pronunciation Rules in the Alphabetum Russarum (Stockholm, Peter van Selow)". Slovo: Journal of Slavic Languages, Literatures and Cultures. 62: 39–60.
- ^ Zhang, Xiangning; Zhang, Ruolin (July 2018). "Evolution of Ancient Alphabet to Modern Greek, Latin and Cyrillic Alphabets and Transcription between Them". Proceedings of the 2018 4th International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2018). Atlantis Press. pp. 156–162. doi:10.2991/essaeme-18.2018.30. ISBN 978-94-6252-549-8.
- ^ Schenker, Alexander M. (1995). The Dawn of Slavic: An Introduction to Slavic Philology. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-300-05846-2.
- ^ Chodzko, Alexandre; Chodźko, Aleksander Borejko (1869). Grammaire paléoslave, suivie de textes paléoslaves (in French). [s. n.] – via Oxford University collection.
