Epstein Files Full PDF

CLICK HERE
Technopedia Center
PMB University Brochure
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education
teknopedia

  • Registerasi
  • Brosur UTI
  • Kip Scholarship Information
  • Performance
Flag Counter
  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Telephone network - Wikipedia
Telephone network - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Network for carrying telephone calls
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2023)
icon
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Telephone network" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
(Learn how and when to remove this message)

A telephone network is a telecommunications network that connects telephones to support calls between them that facilitate human communication. The technology eventually came to be used for communication between humans and machines (i.e. fax and dial-up Internet access) although today this has been replaced with digital technologies.

The world was transformed in the 1920s as the phone became ubiquitous, with people sharing news, ideas, and personal information.[1] During the 1990s, the phone helped transform the world again with the advent of computers, sophisticated communication devices, and via dial-up internet.[2]

There are a number of types of telephone network:

Landline network
Telephones must be hard-wired to a telephone exchange. This is known as the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Wireless network
Telephones are mobile; one can move around within the coverage area.
Private network
A group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world. This is usually used inside a company and a call center and is called a private branch exchange (PBX).
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
A standard for transmitting voice, data, and video over traditional telephone lines using digital signals.

A telephone company owns and builds landline and wireless networks and provides services to the public under license from the national government. A mobile virtual network operators leases capacity wholesale from a telephone company and sells telephony service to the public directly.

See also

[edit]
  • Telephone service (disambiguation)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "1870s – 1940s: Telephone".
  2. ^ Howard, Philip N.; Mazaheri, Nimah (1 July 2009). "Telecommunications Reform, Internet Use and Mobile Phone Adoption in the Developing World". World Development. 37 (7): 1159–1169. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.12.005. ISSN 0305-750X.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Telecommunications
History
  • Beacon
  • Broadcasting
  • Cable protection system
  • Cable TV
  • Communications satellite
  • Computer network
  • Data compression
    • audio
    • DCT
    • image
    • video
  • Digital media
    • Internet video
    • online video platform
    • social media
    • streaming
  • Drums
  • Edholm's law
  • Electrical telegraph
  • Fax
  • Heliographs
  • Hydraulic telegraph
  • Information Age
  • Information revolution
  • Internet
  • Mass media
  • Mobile phone
    • Smartphone
  • Optical telecommunication
  • Optical telegraphy
  • Pager
  • Photophone
  • Prepaid mobile phone
  • Radio
  • Radiotelephone
  • Satellite communications
  • Semaphore
    • Phryctoria
  • Semiconductor
    • device
    • MOSFET
    • transistor
  • Smoke signals
  • Telecommunications history
  • Telautograph
  • Telegraphy
  • Teleprinter (teletype)
  • Telephone
    • history
    • The Telephone Cases
  • Television
    • digital
    • streaming
  • Undersea telegraph line
  • Videotelephony
  • Whistled language
  • Wireless revolution
Pioneers
  • Nasir Ahmed
  • Edwin Howard Armstrong
  • Mohamed M. Atalla
  • John Logie Baird
  • Paul Baran
  • John Bardeen
  • Alexander Graham Bell
  • Emile Berliner
  • Tim Berners-Lee
  • Francis Blake
  • Jagadish Chandra Bose
  • Charles Bourseul
  • Walter Houser Brattain
  • Vint Cerf
  • Claude Chappe
  • Yogen Dalal
  • Donald Davies
  • Daniel Davis Jr.
  • Amos Dolbear
  • Thomas Edison
  • Philo Farnsworth
  • Reginald Fessenden
  • Lee de Forest
  • Elisha Gray
  • Oliver Heaviside
  • Robert Hooke
  • Erna Schneider Hoover
  • Harold Hopkins
  • Gardiner Greene Hubbard
  • Bob Kahn
  • Dawon Kahng
  • Charles K. Kao
  • Narinder Singh Kapany
  • Hedy Lamarr
  • Roberto Landell
  • Innocenzo Manzetti
  • Guglielmo Marconi
  • Robert Metcalfe
  • Antonio Meucci
  • Samuel Morse
  • Jun-ichi Nishizawa
  • Charles Grafton Page
  • Radia Perlman
  • Alexander Stepanovich Popov
  • Tivadar Puskás
  • Johann Philipp Reis
  • Claude Shannon
  • Almon Brown Strowger
  • Henry Sutton
  • Charles Sumner Tainter
  • Nikola Tesla
  • Camille Tissot
  • Alfred Vail
  • Thomas A. Watson
  • Charles Wheatstone
  • Vladimir K. Zworykin
  • Internet pioneers
Transmission
media
  • Coaxial cable
  • Fiber-optic communication
    • optical fiber
  • Free-space optical communication
  • Molecular communication
  • Radio waves
    • wireless
  • Transmission line
    • telecommunication circuit
Network topology
and switching
  • Bandwidth
  • Links
  • Network switching
    • circuit
    • packet
  • Nodes
    • terminal
  • Telephone exchange
Multiplexing
  • Space-division
  • Frequency-division
  • Time-division
  • Polarization-division
  • Orbital angular-momentum
  • Code-division
Concepts
  • Communication protocol
  • Computer network
  • Data transmission
  • Store and forward
  • Telecommunications equipment
Types of network
  • Cellular network
  • Ethernet
  • ISDN
  • LAN
  • Mobile
  • NGN
  • Public Switched Telephone
  • Radio
  • Television
  • Telex
  • UUCP
  • WAN
  • Wireless network
Notable networks
  • ARPANET
  • BITNET
  • CYCLADES
  • FidoNet
  • Internet
  • Internet2
  • JANET
  • NPL network
  • TANet
  • Toasternet
  • Usenet
Locations
  • Africa
  • Americas
    • North
    • South
  • Antarctica
  • Asia
  • Europe
  • Oceania
  • Global telecommunications regulation bodies
  • Telecommunication portal
  • Category
  • Outline
  • Commons
Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata
  • GND
Stub icon

This article related to telecommunications infrastructure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

  • v
  • t
  • e
Retrieved from "https://teknopedia.ac.id/w/index.php?title=Telephone_network&oldid=1332145569"
Categories:
  • Telecommunications infrastructure
  • Telecommunication infrastructure stubs
Hidden categories:
  • Articles with short description
  • Short description is different from Wikidata
  • Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2023
  • All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
  • Articles needing additional references from February 2024
  • All articles needing additional references
  • Articles with multiple maintenance issues
  • Use dmy dates from January 2026
  • All stub articles

  • indonesia
  • Polski
  • العربية
  • Deutsch
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
  • Italiano
  • مصرى
  • Nederlands
  • 日本語
  • Português
  • Sinugboanong Binisaya
  • Svenska
  • Українська
  • Tiếng Việt
  • Winaray
  • 中文
  • Русский
Sunting pranala
url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url
Pusat Layanan

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id