| Toyota Dynamic Force engine | |
|---|---|
 Toyota's A25A-FKS straight-four engine installed in the XV70 series Camry, the first vehicle to offer a Dynamic Force engine | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Toyota |
| Production | 2017–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | |
| Displacement | 1,490–3,445 cc (90.9–210.2 cu in) |
| Cylinder block material | Aluminium alloy |
| Valvetrain | DOHC |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel type | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
The Toyota Dynamic Force engine is a family of internal combustion engines developed by Toyota under its Toyota New Global Architecture (TNGA) strategy. These I3, I4 and V6 engines can be operated with petrol (gasoline) or ethanol (flex-fuel) and can be combined with electric motors in a hybrid drivetrain. The engines were designed alongside the TNGA vehicle platforms as part of a company-wide effort to simplify the vehicles being produced by Toyota and Lexus.[1] The series debuted in June 2017 with the A25A four-cylinder engine, introduced in the XV70 series Camry.
Overview
Dynamic Force was developed as an engine that is claimed to achieve both driving performance and environmental performance while pursuing high efficiency and low fuel consumption as well as having a "direct feeling, smooth and pleasant acceleration performance".
Specifically, the cylinder head and intake port design improves the tumble flow (longitudinal vortex) to increase the air intake volume–the majority of intake flow is across that portion of the valve closest to cylinder centreline. Other methods include:
- Expansion of the valve clamping angle. The angle between intake and exhaust valve centreline is 41 degrees–the previous design was 31 degrees.[which?]
- Hydraulic variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust camshafts.
- Very high compression-moderated Atkinson cycle engine.
- Longer stroke to bore ratio (under-square design).
- Change of port end shape and expansion of seat inner diameter.
- Application of updated D-4S (multi-hole injector) system to achieve "high-speed combustion", resulting in thermal efficiency over 40%.
- Cylinder centreline is offset from crankshaft centreline, meaning that piston top dead center is always equivalent to several degrees of crankshaft rotation.
In development and production of the engine, Toyota claims it would be a "completely new engine design based on the TNGA strategy".
Previously, Toyota offered about 800 engine variants, most of which would be replaced with a much simpler lineup of 17 versions of nine Dynamic Force engines.[2][3] Toyota is also simplifying its lineup of transmissions, hybrid systems, and all-wheel drive systems.
Starting with the four-cylinder A25A type installed in XV70 series Camry in June 2017, the V6 V35A and four-cylinder M20A types had also appeared. On 16 October 2019, the three-cylinder M15A type, which would be installed in the XP210 series Yaris (specifically designed for Japan, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand), was officially announced.[4] On 12 June 2021, the first turbocharged four-cylinder model, named T24A, was introduced for the AZ20 series Lexus NX.[5][6]
The Dynamic Force engines introduced an updated nomenclature system for Toyota engines and no longer employ the traditional iteration or generation of the engine followed by the one letter or two letter designation for the engine family (such as 5M-GE or 4GR-FE being from the M and GR engine families respectively) and instead incorporate the engine's displacement in between a two letter code such as the M20A, with the "20" denoting a 2.0-litre engine.
Common key technologies
- High speed combustion technologies:
- Long stroke (stroke/bore ≈ 1.2)
- Wider angle between the intake and exhaust valve
- High efficiency intake port with laser cladded valve seat
- High compression ratio up to 14.0:1
- High energy ignition coil
- Updated D-4S system
- Multi-hole direct injector
- Variable cooling system:
- Motor driven water pump
- Heated thermostat
- Continuous variable-capacity oil pump
- Low viscosity engine oil
- Water jacket spacer
- Piston with laser pit skirt
- Drilled passage between cylinder bores
- VVT-iE
- Small-concave-profile camshaft
- Compact HLA
- High strength connecting rod
- High response intake air control
- Fuel injection control (multi-injection)
- Cylinder heads with built-in EGR cooler function
- Updated catalyst
- Change of exhaust manifold layout
- Piston oil jet control
G16E
M15 family
| M15 family | |
|---|---|
 M15A-FXE engine in a 2023 Lexus LBX | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 2020–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | I3 |
| Displacement | 1,490 cc (90.9 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 80.5 mm (3.169 in) |
| Piston stroke | 97.6 mm (3.843 in) |
| Compression ratio |
|
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system |
|
| Fuel type |
|
| Output | |
| Power output |
|
| Specific power |
|
| Torque output |
|
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | |
The M15 engine family is a straight-three engine series that was first introduced in 2019 for the XP210 series Yaris.[4]
| Model | Applications | Vehicle chassis code | Power | Torque | Calendar years | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M15A-FKS | Yaris | MXPA10 MXPA11 MXPA15 |
88 kW (118 hp) at 6,600 rpm Europe: 92 kW (123 hp) at 6,600 rpm[7] |
145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,200 rpm Europe: 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,000 rpm |
2020–present | Japan, Australia, and New Zealand |
| GR Yaris RS | MXPA12 | 88 kW (118 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,200 rpm | 2020–present | Japan only | |
| Corolla | MZEA11 MZEA17 |
92 kW (123 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,000 rpm | 2020–present | [8] | |
| Yaris Cross | MXPB10 MXPB15 |
88 kW (118 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,200 rpm | 2020–present | ||
| Sienta | MXPC10 | 2022–present | Japan only | |||
| M15A-FXE | Yaris Hybrid / Mazda2 Hybrid | MXPH10 MXPH11 MXPH15 |
67 kW (90 hp) at 5,500 rpm | 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) at 3,800–4,800 rpm | 2020–present | The Mazda2 Hybrid went on sale since 2022 |
| Aqua | MXPK10 MXPK11 MXPK15 MXPK16 |
2021–present | Japan only | |||
| Yaris Cross Hybrid | MXPJ10 MXPJ15 |
2020–present | ||||
| Sienta Hybrid | MXPL10 MXPL15 |
2022–present | Japan only | |||
| Lexus LBX | MAYH10 MAYH15 |
2023–present | ||||
| Aygo X Hybrid | MABH70 | 2025–present | Europe only | |||
| M15B-FKS | Corolla | MZEA11 | 92 kW (123 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,000 rpm | 2021–present | China only |
| M15C-FKS | Levin | MZEA11 | 92 kW (123 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,000 rpm | 2021–present | China only |
| M15D-FXE | Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid / Suzuki Grand Vitara Hybrid | 67 kW (90 hp) at 5,500 rpm | 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) at 3,800–4,800 rpm | 2022–present | India only[9][10] | |
| Suzuki Victoris Hybrid | 2025–present |
M15A-FKS
The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency.
Applications (calendar years):
- 2020–present Yaris (MXPA10/11/15)
- 2020–present GR Yaris RS (MXPA12)
- 2020–present Yaris Cross (MXPB10/15)
- 2020–present Corolla (MZEA11/17)
- 2022–present Sienta (MXPC10)
M15A-FXE
The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency.
Applications (calendar years):
- 2020–present Yaris Hybrid / 2022–present Mazda2 Hybrid (MXPH10/11/15)
- 2020–present Yaris Cross Hybrid (MXPJ10/15)
- 2021–present Aqua (MXPK10/11/15/16)
- 2022–present Sienta Hybrid (MXPL10/15)
- 2023–present Lexus LBX (MAYH10/15)
- 2025–present Aygo X Hybrid
M15B-FKS
Localized M15 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2021–present Corolla (MZEA11; China only)
M15C-FKS
Localized M15 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2021–present Levin (MZEA11)
M15D-FXE
The hybrid version produced in Jigani, Bangalore, India by Toyota Industries Engine India (TIEI).[10][11]
Applications (calendar years):
- 2022–present Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid / Suzuki Grand Vitara Hybrid
- 2025–present Suzuki Victoris Hybrid
M20 family
| M20 family | |
|---|---|
 M20A-FKS engine in the 2019 Corolla hatchback | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 2018–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | I4 |
| Displacement | 1,986 cc (121.2 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 80.5 mm (3.169 in) |
| Piston stroke | 97.6 mm (3.843 in) |
| Compression ratio |
|
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system | D-4S direct/port injection |
| Fuel type |
|
| Output | |
| Power output |
|
| Specific power |
|
| Torque output |
|
| Emissions | |
| Emissions control systems | ULEV50 |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | |
The M20 engine family is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2018[12] for the E210 series Corolla.
| Model | Applications | Vehicle chassis code | Power | Torque | Calendar years | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M20A-FKS | Corolla/Auris | MZEA12 | 125 kW (168 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm | 2018–present | Used in Auris exclusively in Taiwan until July 2020. |
| Camry | MXVA71 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2019–present | ||
| Avalon | MXXA50 | 2019–present | ||||
| C-HR | MAXA10 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,800 rpm | 2018–present | ||
| Corolla Cross | MXGA10 MXGA15 |
2021–present | North America only | |||
| RAV4 | MXAA52 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm Australia: 127 kW (170 hp) at 6,600 rpm |
207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm Australia: 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,900 rpm |
2018–present | ||
| Harrier/Venza | MXUA80 MXUA85 |
126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm | 2020–present | Venza is available in North America since 2021. | |
| Noah/Voxy / Suzuki Landy | MZRA90 MZRA95 |
125 kW (168 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) at 4,900 rpm | 2022–present | Suzuki Landy is only available in Japan | |
| Innova / Innova HyCross / Kijang Innova Zenix | MAGA10 | 128 kW (172 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 205 N⋅m (151 lb⋅ft) at 4,500–4,900 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Lexus ES 200 | MXZA10 | 128 kW (172 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 209 N⋅m (154 lb⋅ft) at 4,000–5,200 rpm | 2020–present | ||
| Lexus UX 200 | MZAA10 | 2018–present | ||||
| M20A-FKB | Corolla | MZEA12 | 130 kW (174 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm | 2020–present | Brazil only |
| Corolla Cross | MXGA10 | 2021–present | ||||
| M20A-FXS | Corolla Hybrid | MZEH12 | 112 kW (150 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2018–present | Europe only |
| Prius | MXWH60 MXWH65 |
188 N⋅m (139 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2022–present | |||
| C-HR Hybrid | MAXH10 | 112 kW (150 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2020–present | Europe only | |
| Corolla Cross Hybrid | MXGH10 MXGH15 |
131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm (FWD) 113 kW (152 hp) at 6,000 rpm (AWD) |
202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,900 rpm (FWD) 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm (AWD) |
2022–present | North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand only | |
| Innova Hybrid / Innova HyCross Hybrid / Kijang Innova Zenix Hybrid | MAGH10 | 137 kW (184 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Lexus UX 250h/260h | MZAH10 MZAH15 |
107 kW (143 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 188 N⋅m (139 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm | 2018–present | Known as UX 260h in China | |
| M20B-FXS | IZOA Hybrid | MAXH10 | 112 kW (150 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2020–2022 | |
| M20C-FKS | C-HR | MAXA10 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,800 rpm | 2018–present | China only |
| Camry | MXVA71 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2019–present | China only | |
| Wildlander | MXAA54 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 209 N⋅m (154 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,000 rpm | 2020–present | ||
| Venza | MXUA85 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm | 2021–present | China only | |
| Levin GT | MZEA12 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Frontlander | MXGA15 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,800 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Camry | MXVA80L | 2023–present | China only | |||
| M20D-FKS | RAV4 | MXAA52 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 209 N⋅m (154 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,000 rpm | 2018–present | China only |
| Avalon | MXXA50 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2019–present | China only | |
| Harrier | MXUA80 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm | 2021–present | China only | |
| M20E-FKS | IZOA | MAXA10 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,800 rpm | 2018–present | |
| Allion | MZEA12 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Corolla Cross | MXGA10 | 126 kW (169 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,800 rpm | 2022–present | China only | |
| M20F-FXS | C-HR Hybrid | MAXH10 | 112 kW (150 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm | 2020–present | China only |
| Camry | MXVH80L | 2023–present | China only | |||
| M20G-FXS | IZOA Hybrid | MAXH10 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,900 rpm | 2022–present | |
| Allion Hybrid | MZEA12 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,900 rpm | 2023–present | ||
| Corolla Cross Hybrid | MXGA10 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,900 rpm | 2023–present | China only |
M20A-FKS
The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency.
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present Corolla / 2018–2020 Auris (MZEA12)
- 2018–present C-HR (MAXA10)
- 2018–present RAV4 (MXAA52)
- 2018–present Lexus UX 200 (MZAA10)
- 2019–present Camry (MXVA71)
- 2019–present Avalon (MXXA50)
- 2020–present Lexus ES 200 (MXZA10)
- 2020–present Harrier / 2022–present Venza (MXUA80/85)
- 2021–present Corolla Cross (MXGA10/15)
- 2022–present Noah/Voxy / Suzuki Landy (MZRA90/95)
- 2022–present Innova / Innova HyCross / Kijang Innova Zenix (MAGA10)
M20A-FKB
The flex fuel E22-E100 version with 13.0:1 compression ratio ethanol fuel capable.
Applications (calendar years):
- 2020–present Corolla (MZEA12)
- 2021–present Corolla Cross (MXGA10)
M20A-FXS
The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency.[12]
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present Corolla Hybrid (MZEH12)
- 2018–present Lexus UX 250h/260h (MZAH10/15)
- 2020–present C-HR Hybrid (MAXH10)
- 2022–present Corolla Cross Hybrid (MXGH10/15)
- 2022–present Prius (MXWH60/65)
- 2022–present Innova / Innova HyCross Hybrid / Kijang Innova Zenix Hybrid (MAGH10)
M20B-FXS
Version used only in China which is largely identical to the M20A-FXS engine, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2020–2022 IZOA Hybrid (MAXH10)
M20C-FKS
Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present C-HR (MAXA10; China only)
- 2019–present Camry (MXVA71)
- 2020–present Wildlander (MXAA54)
- 2021–present Venza (MXUA85; China only)
- 2021–present Levin GT (MZEA12)
- 2022–present Frontlander (MXGA15)
- 2023–present Camry (MXVA80L)
M20D-FKS
Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present RAV4 (MXAA52; China only)
- 2019–present Avalon (MXXA50; China only)
- 2021–present Harrier (MXUA80; China only)
M20E-FKS
Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present IZOA (MAXA10)
- 2021–present Allion (MZEA12)
- 2022–present Corolla Cross (MXGA10; China only)
M20F-FXS
Version used only in China which is largely identical to the M20A-FXS engine, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2020–present C-HR Hybrid (MAXH10; China only)
- 2023–present Levin GT Hybrid (MZEH16; China only)
- 2023–present Frontlander Hybrid (MXGH10; China only)
- 2023–present Camry Hybrid (MXVH80; China only)
M20G-FXS
Version used only in China which is largely identical to the M20A-FXS engine, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2022–present IZOA Hybrid (MAXH10; China only)
- 2023–present Allion Hybrid (MZEH16; China only)
- 2023–present Corolla Cross Hybrid (MXGH10; China only)
S20A
| S20A | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Production | 2022–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | I4 |
| Displacement | 1,997 cc (121.9 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 85.0 mm (3.346 in) |
| Piston stroke | 88.0 mm (3.465 in) |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Single |
| Fuel type | Petrol |
| Output | |
| Power output | 182 kW (244 hp) |
| Specific power | 91.1 kW (122 hp) per litre |
| Torque output | 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | 8AR-FTS |
The S20A engine is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2022 for the Chinese market Highlander / Crown Kluger.
| Model | Applications | Vehicle chassis code | Power | Torque | Calendar years | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S20A-FTS | Highlander / Crown Kluger / | SXUA75 | 182 kW (244 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) at 1,800–4,000 rpm | 2022–present | China only |
| Lexus RX 300 | SALA15 | 2024–present |
S20A-FTS
"FTS" designates the turbocharged version of this engine.
Applications (calendar years):
- 2022–present Highlander / Crown Kluger (SXUA75)
- 2024-present Lexus RX 300 (SALA15)
A25 family
| A25 family | |
|---|---|
 A25A-FXS engine in the 2018 Crown Hybrid | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 2017–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | I4 |
| Displacement | 2,487 cc (151.8 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 87.5 mm (3.445 in) |
| Piston stroke | 103.4 mm (4.071 in) |
| Compression ratio |
|
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system | D-4S direct/port injection |
| Fuel type |
|
| Output | |
| Power output |
|
| Specific power |
|
| Torque output |
|
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | |
The A25 engine family is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XV70 series Camry.
| Model | Applications | Vehicle chassis code | Power | Torque | Calendar years | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A25A-FKS | Camry | AXVA70 AXVA75 |
151.5–153.5 kW (203–206 hp) at 6,600 rpm (FWD); 151 kW (202 hp) at 6,600 rpm (AWD) | 249–252 N⋅m (184–186 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm (FWD); 247 N⋅m (182 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm (AWD) | 2017–2024 | |
| Avalon | AXXA50 AXXA55 |
153–154 kW (205–207 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm | 2018–present | AWD models offered between 2020 and 2022. | |
| RAV4 | AXAA52 AXAA54 |
US: 151.5 kW (203 hp) at 6,600 rpm Australia: 152 kW (204 hp) at 6,600 rpm |
US: 249 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm Australia: 243 N⋅m (179 lb⋅ft) at 4,000–5,000 rpm |
2018–present | ||
| Lexus ES 250/260 | AXZA10 AXZA15 |
151–152 kW (202–204 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 247 N⋅m (182 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm | 2018–present | Known as ES 260 in China | |
| Lexus NX 250/260 | AAZA20 AAZA25 |
2021–present | Known as NX 260 in China | |||
| Camry | AXVA80 | 2024–present | ||||
| A25A-FKB | Camry | AXVA70 | 154 kW (207 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm | 2018–present | Thailand only |
| A25A-FXS | Camry Hybrid/Daihatsu Altis | AXVH70 AXVH75 |
131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2017–present | Daihatsu Altis is only available in Japan |
| Avalon Hybrid | AXXH50 | 2018–present | ||||
| Crown Hybrid | AZSH20 AZSH21 |
135 kW (181 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,800–5,400 rpm | 2018–2022 | ||
| Crown Crossover Hybrid | AZSH35 | 137 kW (184 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Crown Sedan Hybrid | AZSH32 | 136 kW (182 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 225 N⋅m (166 lb⋅ft) at 4,200–5,000 rpm | 2023–present | ||
| Crown Sport Hybrid | AZSH36 | 137 kW (184 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| RAV4 Hybrid | AXAH52 AXAH54 |
131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2018–present | Except China | |
| RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid/Prime / Suzuki Across | AXAP52 AXAP54 |
130 kW (174 hp) at 6,000 rpm | Japan: 219 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) at 3,600 rpm US: 228 N⋅m (168 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm |
2020–present | Suzuki Across is only available in Europe since 2021. | |
| Harrier Hybrid / Venza | AXUH80 AXUH85 |
131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2020–present | ||
| Harrier Plug-in Hybrid | AXUP80 | 134 kW (180 hp) at 5,700 rpm |
221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm |
2022–present | ||
| Highlander Hybrid / Kluger Hybrid | AXUH70 AXUH78 |
139 kW (186 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 237 N⋅m (175 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm | 2019–present | Except China. Kluger Hybrid is only available in Australia since 2021 | |
| Grand Highlander Hybrid | AASH10 AASH15 |
2023–present | ||||
| Sienna | AXLH40 AXLH45 |
2020–present | ||||
| Alphard Hybrid/Vellfire Hybrid | AAHH40 AAHH45 |
140 kW (188 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 236 N⋅m (174 lb⋅ft) at 4,300–4,500 rpm | 2023–present | ||
| Lexus ES 300h | AXZH10 AXZH11 |
131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2018–present | Except China | |
| Lexus NX 350h | AAZH20 AAZH25 |
140 kW (188 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 243 N⋅m (179 lb⋅ft) at 4,300–4,500 rpm | 2021–present | Except China | |
| Lexus NX 450h+ | AAZH26 | 136 kW (182 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 228 N⋅m (168 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–3,700 rpm | 2021–present | Except China | |
| Lexus RX 350h | AALH10 AALH15 |
140 kW (188 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 243 N⋅m (179 lb⋅ft) at 4,300–4,500 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Lexus RX 450h+ | AALH16 | 136 kW (182 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 228 N⋅m (168 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–3,700 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Lexus LM 350h | AAWH10 AAWH15 |
140 kW (188 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 236 N⋅m (174 lb⋅ft) at 4,300–4,500 rpm | 2023–present | ||
| Camry Hybrid | AXVH80 AXVH85 |
2024–present | ||||
| Crown Signia | AZSH38 | 2024–present | ||||
| A25B-FXS | Lexus ES 300h (China) | AXZH10 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2018–present | Engine exclusively used on the Chinese Lexus models |
| Lexus NX 350h (China) | AAZH10 | 141 kW (189 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 243 N⋅m (179 lb⋅ft) at 4,300–4,500 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Lexus NX 400h+ | AXZH11 | 136 kW (182 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 228 N⋅m (168 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–3,700 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| A25C-FKS | Camry | AXVA70 | 154 kW (207 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm | 2018–present | Gasoline engine manufactured by GTE |
| Wildlander | AXAA54 | 2020–present | ||||
| Highlander | AXUA70 | 2021–present | ||||
| A25D-FXS | Camry Hybrid | AXVH70 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2018–present | Hybrid engine manufactured by GTE |
| Wildlander Hybrid | AXAH54 | 2021–present | ||||
| Wildlander PHV | AXAP54 | 132 kW (177 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 224 N⋅m (165 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–3,700 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Highlander Hybrid | AXUH78 | 141 kW (189 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 238 N⋅m (176 lb⋅ft) at 4,200–4,600 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Sienna Hybrid | AXLH40 | 141 kW (189 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 238 N⋅m (176 lb⋅ft) at 4,200–4,600 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Venza Hybrid | AXUH85 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| Camry Hybrid | AXVH80L | 2023–present | ||||
| Mazda CX-50 HEV | 2023–present | |||||
| A25F-FXS | RAV4 Hybrid | AXAH52 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2021–present | Hybrid engine manufactured by FTCE |
| RAV4 PHV | AXAP52 | 132 kW (177 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 224 N⋅m (165 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–3,700 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Harrier Hybrid | AXUH80 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2022–present | ||
| A25G-FKS | Avalon | AXXA50 | 154 kW (207 hp) at 6,600 rpm | 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm | 2019–present | Gasoline engine manufactured by FTCE |
| RAV4 | AXAA52 | 2019–present | ||||
| Crown Kluger | AXUA71 | 2021–present | ||||
| A25H-FXS | Avalon Hybrid | AXXH50 | 131 kW (176 hp) at 5,700 rpm | 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm | 2019–present | Hybrid Engine manufactured by FTCE |
| Crown Kluger Hybrid | AXUH79 | 141 kW (189 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 238 N⋅m (176 lb⋅ft) at 4,200–4,600 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Granvia Hybrid | AXLH40 | 141 kW (189 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 238 N⋅m (176 lb⋅ft) at 4,200–4,600 rpm | 2021–present |
A25A-FKS
The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency.
Applications (calendar years):
- 2017–present Camry (AXVA70/75)
- 2018–present RAV4 (AXAA52/54)
- 2018–present Lexus ES 250/260 (AXZA10/15)
- 2018–2022 Avalon (AXXA50/55)
- 2021–present Lexus NX 250/260 (AAZA20/25)
- 2024–present Camry (AXVA80)
A25A-FKB
Version used in Thailand with E85 ethanol fuel capable.[13]
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present Camry (AXVA70)
A25A-FXS
The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency.[14]
Applications (calendar years):
- 2017–present Camry Hybrid/Daihatsu Altis (AXVH70/75)
- 2018–present Avalon Hybrid (AXXH50)
- 2018–present RAV4 Hybrid (AXAH52/54)
- 2018–present Lexus ES 300h (AXZH10/11)
- 2018–2022 Crown Hybrid (AZSH20/21)
- 2022–present Crown Crossover Hybrid (AZSH35)
- 2023–present Crown Sedan Hybrid (AZSH32)
- 2023–present Crown Sport Hybrid (AZSH36)
- 2019–present Highlander Hybrid / 2021–present Kluger Hybrid (AXUH70/78)
- 2020–present RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid/Prime / Suzuki Across (AXAP52/54)
- 2020–present Harrier Hybrid/Venza (AXUH80/85)
- 2022–present Harrier Plug-in Hybrid (AXUP80)
- 2020–present Sienna/Granvia (AXLH40/45)
- 2021–present Lexus NX 350h (AAZH20/25)
- 2021–present Lexus NX 400h+/450h+ (AAZH26)
- 2022–present Lexus RX 350h (AALH10/15)
- 2022–present Lexus RX 450h+ (AALH16)
- 2023–present Grand Highlander Hybrid (AASH10/15)
- 2023–present Lexus LM 350h (AAWH10)
- 2023–present Alphard Hybrid/Vellfire Hybrid (AAHH40/45)
- 2024–present Camry Hybrid (AXVH80/85)
- 2024–present Crown Signia (AZSH38)
- 2024–present Mazda CX-50 Hybrid (VA)
A25B-FXS
This engine is only used on hybrid models in China. Similar to the A25A-FXS engine used in other markets.
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present Lexus ES 300h (China) (AXZH10)
- 2022–present Lexus NX 350h (China) (AAZH20)
- 2022–present Lexus NX 400h+ (AAZH21)
- 2023–present Alphard Hybrid/Crown Vellfire Hybrid (China) (AAHH45)
- 2023–present Crown SportCross (China) (AZSH30)
A25C-FKS
Version used only in China which is largely identical to the A25A-FKS engine, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present Camry (AXVA70; China only)
- 2020–present Wildlander (AXAA54)
- 2021–present Highlander (AXUA70; China only)
A25D-FXS
Localized A25 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2018–present Camry Hybrid (AXVH70; China only)
- 2021–present Wildlander Hybrid (AXAH54)
- 2021–present Wildlander Plug-in Hybrid (AXAP54)
- 2021–present Highlander Hybrid (AXUH78)
- 2021–present Sienna Hybrid (AXLH40)
- 2022–present Venza Hybrid (AXUH85)
- 2023–present Camry (AXVH80L)
- 2023–present Mazda CX-50 HEV
A25F-FXS
Localized A25 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2021–present RAV4 Hybrid (AXAH52; China only)
- 2021–present RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid (AXAP52; China only)
- 2022–present Harrier Hybrid (AXUH80; China only)
- 2023–present Mazda CX-50 Plug-in Hybrid (China only)
A25G-FKS
Version used only in China which is largely identical to the A25A-FKS engine, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2019–present Avalon (AXXA50; China only)
- 2019–present RAV4 (AXAA52; China only)
- 2021–present Crown Kluger (AXUA71)
A25H-FXS
Localized A25 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).
Applications (calendar years):
- 2019–present Avalon Hybrid (AXXH50; China only)
- 2021–present Crown Kluger Hybrid (AXUH79)
- 2021–present Granvia Hybrid (AXLH40; China only)
T24A
| T24A | |
|---|---|
)_(7).jpg) T24A-FTS engine in the 2022 Crown Crossover | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 2021–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | I4 |
| Displacement | 2,393 cc (146.0 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 87.5 mm (3.445 in) |
| Piston stroke | 99.5 mm (3.917 in) |
| Compression ratio | 11.0:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Single twin-scroll |
| Fuel system | D-4ST direct/port injection |
| Fuel type |
|
| Output | |
| Power output | 170–207 kW (228–278 hp) |
| Specific power | 71–86.5 kW (95–116 hp) per litre |
| Torque output | 329–460 N⋅m (243–339 lb⋅ft) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | 1GR-FE/2GR-FKS (V6) 2GR-FXS (V6 hybrid) 8AR-FTS (I4 turbo) |
The T24A engine is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2021 for the AZ20 series Lexus NX.
| Model | Applications | Vehicle chassis code | Power | Torque | Calendar years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T24A-FTS | Crown Crossover Hybrid MAX/Dual Boost | TZSH35 | 200 kW (268 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–3,000 rpm | 2022–present |
| Highlander/Kluger | TXUA70 TXUA75 |
198 kW (265 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) at 1,700–3,600 rpm | 2022–present | |
| Grand Highlander | TASA10 TASA15 |
2023–present | |||
| Grand Highlander Hybrid MAX | TASH15 | 202 kW (271 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–3,000 rpm | 2023–present | |
| Tacoma | TZNA40 TZNA41 TZNA45 TZNA46 |
170–207 kW (228–278 hp) | 329–430 N⋅m (243–317 lb⋅ft) | 2023–present | |
| Tacoma i-FORCE MAX | TZNH47 | 207 kW (278 hp) | 381 N⋅m (281 lb⋅ft) | 2024–present | |
| Alphard/Vellfire | TAHA40 TAHA45 |
205 kW (275 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 430 N⋅m (317 lb⋅ft) at 1,700–3,600 rpm | 2023–present | |
| Lexus NX 350 | TAZA25 | 205 kW (275 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 430 N⋅m (317 lb⋅ft) at 1,700–3,600 rpm | 2021–present | |
| Lexus RX 350 | TALA10 TALA15 |
2022–present | |||
| Lexus TX 350 | TAUA10 TAUA15 |
2022–present | |||
| Lexus RX 500h | TALH17 | 202 kW (271 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–3,000 rpm | 2022–present | |
| Lexus TX 500h | TAUH15 | 2023–present | |||
| Lexus LM 500h | TAWH15 | 2023–present | |||
| Land Cruiser Prado | TJA250 | 206 kW (276 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 430 N⋅m (317 lb⋅ft) at 4,300–4,500 rpm | 2023–present | |
| Land Cruiser Prado i-FORCE MAX | TJH250 | 2023–present |
T24A-FTS
The "T" in the engine feature suffix "-FTS" designates the turbocharged version of this engine.[5] Toyota have been using it to replace the naturally-aspirated 2GR-FKS V6, offering more peak torque at lower speeds and improved fuel consumption and emissions with the turbo engine.[15]
There also are two distinct hybrid variants which carry the same T24A-FTS engine designation as the regular (non-hybrid) variant. For transverse engine applications (marketed as "Dual Boost Hybrid System" in Japan and "Hybrid MAX" in North America), the hybrid engine drives the front wheels and is equipped with two electric motors: one starter-generator and one traction assist; a third electric motor driving the rear axle is provided with all-wheel drive as a power-split hybrid variant. For longitudinal engine applications (marketed as "i-FORCE MAX" in North America), a single traction assist/generator motor is sandwiched between the engine and transmission, taking the place of a conventional automatic transmission torque converter.[16]
The T24A-FTS used in body-on-frame truck and SUV applications share 54% of common parts with the variant used in passenger vehicles like the Highlander.[17]
Applications (calendar years):
- 2021–present Lexus NX 350 (TAZA25)
- 2022–present Lexus RX 350 (TALA10/15)
- 2022–present Highlander/Kluger (TXUA70/75)
- 2023–present Grand Highlander (TASA10/15)
- 2023–present Tacoma (TZNA40/41/45/46)
- 2023–present Lexus TX 350 (TAUA10/15)
- 2023–present Alphard/Vellfire (TAHA40/45)
- 2024-present Land Cruiser Prado (TJA250)
- 2025–present 4Runner (TZNA50/55)
Hybrid MAX/Dual Boost transverse applications (calendar years):
- 2022–present Lexus RX 500h (TALH17)
- 2022–present Crown Crossover Hybrid MAX/Dual Boost (TZSH35)
- 2023–present Grand Highlander Hybrid MAX (TASH15)
- 2023–present Lexus LM 500h (TAWH15)
- 2023–present Lexus TX 500h (TAUH15)
i-FORCE MAX longitudinal hybrid applications (calendar years):
- 2023–present Tacoma i-FORCE MAX (TZNH47)
- 2024-present Land Cruiser Prado i-FORCE MAX (TJH250)
- 2025–present 4Runner i-FORCE MAX (TZNH55)
V35A
| V35A | |
|---|---|
_V35A-FTS_V6_petrol_engine.png) V35A-FTS engine in the 2021 Land Cruiser | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 2017–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | 60° V6 |
| Displacement | 3,445 cc (210.2 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 85.5 mm (3.366 in) |
| Piston stroke | 100.0 mm (3.937 in) |
| Compression ratio | 10.5:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Twin-turbo |
| Fuel system | D-4ST direct/port injection |
| Fuel type |
|
| Output | |
| Power output | 260–310 kW (349–416 hp) |
| Specific power | 75.5–90 kW (101–121 hp) per litre |
| Torque output | 549–650 N⋅m (405–479 lb⋅ft) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | 1UR-FE/1UR-FSE/3UR-FE (V8) |
The V35A engine is a V6 engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XF50 series Lexus LS. Despite its "35" nomenclature and being advertised as a 3.5-litre engine, its actual displacement is 3.4 L (3,445 cc).
| Model | Applications | Vehicle chassis code | Power | Torque | Calendar years | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V35A-FTS | Land Cruiser | VJA300 | 305 kW (409 hp) at 5,200 rpm | 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–3,600 rpm | 2021–present | |
| Sequoia | VXKH80 VXKH85 |
290 kW (389 hp) at 5,200 rpm | 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm | 2022–present | The Sequoia uses the same hybrid powertrain as the Tundra i-FORCE MAX. | |
| Tundra | VXKA70 VXKA71 VXKA72 VXKA75 VXKA76 VXKA77 |
260–290 kW (349–389 hp) at 5,200 rpm | 549 N⋅m (405 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm |
2021–present | ||
| Tundra i-FORCE MAX | VXKH70 VXKH71 VXKH75 VXKH76 |
290 kW (389 hp) at 5,200 rpm | 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Lexus LS 500 | VXFA50 VXFA55 |
310 kW (416 hp) at 6,000 rpm | 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–4,800 rpm | 2017–present | ||
| Lexus LX 600 | VJA310 | 305 kW (409 hp) at 5,200 rpm | 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–3,600 rpm | 2021–present | ||
| Lexus GX 550 | VJA252 | 260 kW (349 hp) at 5,200 rpm | 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–3,600 rpm | 2023–present | The GX550 has physically smaller turbos versus the same engine in the Tundra/LX | |
| Lexus LX 700h | VJH310 | 341 kW (457 hp) at 5,200 rpm | 790 N⋅m (583 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–3,600 rpm | 2025–present |
V35A-FTS
The twin-turbocharged version with 10.5:1 compression ratio. Pumping losses have been reduced by electrification of the waste gate of the twin turbo system. The engine achieves 37% thermal efficiency.[18] A hybrid version (marketed as "i-FORCE MAX" in North America) is also available with the same engine designation as the regular variant.
The hybrid version was named Ward's World's 10 Best Engines list in 2022.[19]
A number of customers have reported main bearing failures in 2022 through April 2024 vehicles equipped with the V35A-FTS engine, with mileage as little as 40,000 km (25,000 miles).[20]
Applications (calendar years):
- 2017–present Lexus LS 500 (VXFA50/55)
- 2021–present Land Cruiser (VJA300)
- 2021–present Tundra (VXKA70/71/72/75/76/77)
- 2021–present Lexus LX 600 (VJA310)
- 2023–present Lexus GX 550 (VJA252)
- 2025–present Third-generation LMP3 spec.
i-FORCE MAX Hybrid applications (calendar years):
- 2021–present Tundra i-FORCE MAX (VXKH70/71/75/76)
- 2022–present Sequoia (VXKH80/85)
- 2025–present Lexus LX 700h (VJH310)
- 2025–present Land Cruiser (VJH300)
See also
References
- ^ "Turbocharge Your Drive: Toyota's 2.4 Engine Unleashed! -". 26 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ Reynolds, Kim (7 May 2015). "How the Toyota New Global Architecture Will Impact Mass-Car Building". Motor Trend. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ "Features of Toyota's New Powertrain". Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ a b "Toyota's New Model Yaris Makes World Premiere" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ a b "All-New Lexus NX Premieres, Heraldling the Start of the Lexus Next Chapter" (Press release). Toyota. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ Tan, Danny (21 June 2021). "2022 Lexus NX officially revealed - second-gen SUV gets PHEV, 2.4 Turbo; new rear logo, interior concept". paultan.org. Malaysia. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ Lee, Jonathan (29 July 2020). "2020 Toyota Yaris detailed for Europe – 125 PS petrol and 116 PS hybrid with 1.5 litre NA three-cylinder". paultan.org. Malaysia. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ "Toyota Corolla Sedan, 1.5 Dynamic Force motora kavuştu" [Toyota Corolla Sedan gets 1.5 Dynamic Force engine]. Motor1.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ "Toyota Hyryder SUV breaks cover; bookings open". Autocar India. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ a b Daniels, Pearl (7 September 2022). "Maruti Grand Vitara SUV Homologated - 10 Variants, GVW 1,755 Kgs". RushLane. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Toyota opens TNGA assembly line at Bidadi plant | Team-BHP". Team-BHP.com. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ a b "2.0-liter Dynamic Force Engine, a New 2.0-liter Direct-injection, Inline 4-cylinder Gasoline Engine" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 26 February 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ "อุปกรณ์มาตรฐานและข้อมูลทางเทคนิค CAMRY" [Standard equipment and technical data CAMRY]. Thailand: Toyota. 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- ^ "Attainable Premium, Actualized: All-New 2019 Toyota Avalon Beams Effortless Sophistication, Style, and Exhilaration at the 2018 North American International Auto Show" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 15 January 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ "Turbocharged performance and connected services raise the bar for Toyota Kluger" (Press release). Toyota Australia. 7 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ Beckford, Andrew (30 May 2023). "2024 Toyota Tacoma Hybrid Engine: Everything to Know About the i-Force MAX". Motor Trend. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ Car Care Nut YT Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIovgEN_gwg&t=914s
- ^ Yamazaki, Daichi; Mori, Akio; Murase, Eiji (3 April 2018). "The Development of a New V6 3.5L Turbocharged Gasoline Engine". SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. US: Society of Automotive Engineers. doi:10.4271/2018-01-0366. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ Winter, Drew (17 October 2022). "Drivers Will Appreciate Toyota's Civilized Beast of a Powertrain". WardsAuto. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ Tutu, Andrei (8 July 2023). "Toyota Tundra (3rd gen) Twin-Turbo V6 Engine Failure Causes and Fix". Carvibz. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
External links
Media related to Toyota Dynamic Force engines at Wikimedia Commons
