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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 堵
堵

堵

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
堵 U+5835, 堵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5835
← 場
[U+5834] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堶 →
[U+5836]

Translingual

Han character

堵 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土十大日 (GJKA), four-corner 44160, composition ⿰土者)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5279
  • Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 448, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5835

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 堵
alternative forms 𡦡
𩫭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 堵
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 當古切
Baxter tuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tuoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/toX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɔX/
Li
Rong 		/toX/
Wang
Li 		/tuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堵 堵
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǔ dǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tuX › ‹ tuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaʔ/ /*tˁaʔ/
English a row or set of bells or musical stones measure of length of wall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堵
Reading # 2/2
No. 16975
Phonetic
component 		者
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		覩
Old
Chinese 		/*taːʔ/

Definitions

堵

  1. (obsolete) a unit of measure of the length and height of a wall
  2. (literary) wall
    觀者如堵／观者如堵  ―  guānzhěrúdǔ  ―  a wall of spectators
  3. to block up; to stop up
    堵車／堵车  ―  dǔchē  ―  to be jammed with traffic
    堵上這個漏洞／堵上这个漏洞  ―  dǔ shàng zhège lòudòng  ―  to close this loophole
    下水管堵了。  ―  Xiàshuǐguǎn dǔ le.  ―  The drain pipe is clogged.
  4. (Teochew) to encounter
  5. stifled; suffocated
    心裡堵得慌／心里堵得慌  ―  xīnlǐ dǔ dé huāng  ―  to feel suffocated; to be depressed
  6. (obsolete) An ancient unit of measure, denoting sixteen bells or chimes hanging on a bell pendant stand.
  7. Classifier for walls. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  8. a surname
    姬申扶堵  ―  Jī Shēn Fú Dǔ  ―  (a verse from the Hundred Family Surnames)
Synonyms
  • (to block up): 塞 (sāi)
  • (to encounter):
Dialectal synonyms of 遇 (“to encounter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遇, 碰, 遭
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 遇, 碰
Malaysia 遇, 碰
Singapore 遇, 碰
Cantonese Guangzhou 遇, 撞
Hong Kong 遇, 撞
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 遇, 撞
Singapore (Guangfu) 遇
Hakka Meixian 遇, 撞
Southern Min Xiamen 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅
Quanzhou 拄, 撞, 衝
Zhangzhou 拄, 衝
Tainan 拄, 撞, 磅
Penang (Hokkien) 拄
Singapore (Hokkien) 拄
Manila (Hokkien) 拄, 遇
Chaozhou 遇, 堵
Shantou 遇
Jieyang 遇, 堵
Singapore (Teochew) 堵
Wu Shanghai 碰
  • (classifier for walls):
Dialectal synonyms of 堵 (“(classifier for walls)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 堵, 面, 道
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 堵, 面, 道
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 堵
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 堵
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 堵
Xi'an 堵
Xining 堵
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 堵
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 堵
Guiyang 堵
Liuzhou 堵
Cantonese Guangzhou 埲, 幅
Hong Kong 埲, 幅
Dongguan 條
Hakka Meixian 皮
Huizhou Jixi 堵, 面
Jin Taiyuan 堵
Xinzhou 堵
Northern Min Jian'ou 板, 堵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 堵
Southern Min Xiamen 堵
Quanzhou 堵
Zhangzhou 堵
Taipei (Wanhua) 片
Kaohsiung 面
Yilan 堵
Changhua (Lukang) 面
Taichung 片
Taichung (Wuqi) 片
Tainan 堵, 面
Taitung 片
Hsinchu 片
Penghu (Magong) 片
Jieyang 爿, 埤, 片
Puning 方, 埤
Haikou 幅
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 幅
Wu Shanghai 堵
Shanghai (Chongming) 堵
Suzhou 堵
Danyang 堵
Hangzhou 堵
Jinhua 堵
Xiang Changsha 堵

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 堵
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章也切
Baxter tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciaX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhě
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ze2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堵
Reading # 1/2
No. 16961
Phonetic
component 		者
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		者
Old
Chinese 		/*tjaːʔ/

Definitions

堵

  1. (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China)

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended) 		Shinjitai
(extended)
堵&#917760;
堵+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
堵&#917762;
堵+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai 堵
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

堵

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: つ (tsu)
  • Kan-on: と (to)
  • Kun: かき (kaki, 堵)

Korean

Hanja

堵 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

堵: Hán Nôm readings: đổ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Pusat Layanan

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