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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 夜
夜

夜

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 亱
夜 U+591C, 夜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-591C
← 夛
[U+591B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夝 →
[U+591D]

Translingual

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

夜 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 00247, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
  • Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 285, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+591C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 夜
alternative forms 亱
𠙇
𠙑
𡖍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夜
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
夜 *laːɡs
鵺 *laːɡs
迹 *ʔsleːɡ
跡 *ʔsleːɡ
亦 *laːɡ
弈 *laːɡ
奕 *laːɡ
帟 *laːɡ
腋 *laːɡ
掖 *laːɡ
焲 *laːɡ
液 *laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡs) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”). 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) may also serve as another phonetic component.

The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕 (xī); the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦 (yì), used phonetically.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo zân (“night”), Burmese ည (nya., “night”).

Schuessler (2007) believes 夜 (OC *laːɡs) and 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) are distinct as Tibeto-Burman keeps the etyma *ja-n (“night”) and *s-r(j)ak (“day; day (24 hours); night”) strictly separate. However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggest that 夜 (yè) and 夕 (xī) have clear etymological connections and thus reconstructs similar finals in both words.

Pronunciation

Note: je6-2 - “night shift”.
Note:
  • ia5/ie5 - vernacular;
  • ie4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 夜
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 羊謝切
    Baxter yaeH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jiaH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jiaH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/iaH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jiaH/
    Li
    Rong         		/iaH/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭaH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯aH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		je6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 夜
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yæH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]Ak-s/
    English night

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 夜
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14992
    Phonetic
    component         		亦
    Rime
    group         		暮
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		夜
    Old
    Chinese         		/*laːɡs/

    Definitions

    夜

    1. night
      See also: 晚
      晝短夜長／昼短夜长  ―  zhòu duǎn yè cháng  ―  short days and long nights
    2. (Cantonese) late (in the night)
      我呢排晚晚都好夜先返屋企。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      ngo5 ni1 paai4 maan5 maan5 dou1 hou2 je6 sin1 faan1 uk1 kei2. [Jyutping]
      Recently, I've been going home quite late in the night.
      我夜啲先走都得。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      ngo5 je6 di1 sin1 zau2 dou1 dak1. [Jyutping]
      I can leave later in the evening.
    3. Classifier for the number of nights.
      三天兩夜／三天两夜  ―  sān tiān liǎng yè  ―  three days and two nights
    4. (Cantonese) night shift; night work
    Synonyms
    Dialectal synonyms of 晚上 (“late evening; night”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 夜, 夕, 暮, 暮夜, 宵, 暝
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 晚上, 夜間, 晚間, 夜晚
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 晚上, 黑間, 黑家, 黑下, 晚半晌兒, 後晌
    Taiwan 晚上
    Langfang 黑嘍
    Harbin 晚上, 下黑兒, 下晚兒黑, 黑家, 黑下, 夜裡
    Singapore 晚上
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 下晚兒
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 晚上, 晚半晌兒, 晚晌兒, 後晌兒, 黑後晌兒, 黑晌兒, 黑下
    Tangshan 晚上, 黑家
    Cangzhou 晚上, 黑下
    Baoding 晚上, 黑家
    Shijiazhuang 黑家
    Weifang (Weicheng) 後晌
    Weifang (Fangzi) 後上
    Changle 後上
    Shouguang 後上
    Rizhao 後晌
    Wulian 後晌
    Jinan 後晌, 晚上, 夜裡, 黑夜
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 光晌黑兒, 黑子兒
    Weifang (Hanting) 後上
    Changyi 下晚兒
    Gaomi 下晚兒, 後晌
    Zhucheng 後晌
    Anqiu 後晌
    Linqu 後上
    Qingzhou 後上
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 黑地
    Daming 黑瞎
    Wanrong 黑間, 黑家
    Kaifeng 黑嘍
    Xi'an 黑咧
    Xining 晚夕
    Xuzhou 黑來, 晚黑, 夜來
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 晚夕, 晚上
    Lanzhou 晚夕
    Ürümqi 黑裡, 晚上, 晚夕
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 黑了, 晚上
    Chongqing 晚上, 晚黑
    Wuhan 晚上, 黑了, 夜晚, 夜晚心, 夜心
    Guiyang 晚些家, 晚些, 晚上家, 晚上, 下晚
    Kunming 晚辰, 晚起, 晚辰家
    Guilin 晚上
    Liuzhou 晚夜, 夜晚, 晚上, 夜裡, 夜晚頭
    Tianlin (Langping) 夜晚
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 夜, 黑了
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 晚上, 夜裡頭, 夜裡
    Yangzhou 晚上
    Nantong 夜頭
    Hefei 晚上
    Chuzhou 夜裡
    Cantonese Guangzhou 夜晚黑, 夜晚, 晚黑, 晚頭, 晚頭夜, 晚頭黑
    Hong Kong 夜晚黑, 夜晚, 晚黑, 晚頭 rare, 晚頭夜 rare, 晚頭黑 rare
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 入夜, 晚頭黑
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 夜晚黑, 夜晚
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 夜晚頭
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 夜晚, 夜晚頭
    Macau 晚頭黑, 夜晚
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 夜晚黑
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 晚頭黑
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 夜晚
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 夜晚黑
    Foshan 夜晚黑
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 夜晚黑
    Foshan (Shunde) 夜晚
    Foshan (Sanshui) 夜晚
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 夜晚
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 晚黑
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 夜晚黑
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 夜晚黑
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 夜晚黑
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 晚黑
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 晚黑
    Taishan 夜晚, 夜晚黑, 晚黑, 黑晚, 夜黑, 晚頭, 晚頭黑
    Taishan (Guanghai) 晚上
    Kaiping (Chikan) 夜晚, 夜晚黑, 晚黑
    Enping (Niujiang) 黑晚夜
    Heshan (Yayao) 晚黑, 夜晚
    Dongguan 晚頭黑, 晚頭, 晚黑
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 晚頭
    Qingyuan 夜晚
    Fogang 夜晚
    Yingde (Hanguang) 夜晚黑
    Yangshan 夜頭
    Lianshan (Butian) 夜頭
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 夜頭
    Shaoguan 夜晚黑
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 夜晚
    Renhua 夜晚
    Lechang 夜晚
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 夜晚, 晚頭
    Sihui 夜晚黑
    Guangning 夜晚夜
    Deqing 夜晚黑
    Huaiji 夜, 夜晚
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 夜晚
    Yunfu 夜晚黑
    Xinxing 晚黑
    Luoding 夜晚
    Yunan (Pingtai) 晚黑
    Yangjiang 晚黑, 夜晚黑
    Xinyi 晚黑
    Maoming (Xinpo) 晚黑, 晚間黑
    Lianjiang 晚黑
    Wuchuan (Wuyang) 晚間
    Nanning 夜晚
    Wuzhou 晚黑
    Yulin 夜墨
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 斷暗, 夜晚頭
    Guiping 夜晚
    Guiping (Jintian) 夜晚
    Guiping (Jiangkou) 夜晚, 晚黑, 夜裡
    Guiping (Madong) 夜頭
    Mengshan (Xihe) 夜晚
    Guigang (Nanjiang) 夜晚
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 夜晚
    Baise 夜晚
    Bobai 夜裡頭
    Lingshan 夜裡頭
    Pubei 夜晚
    Qinzhou 晚頭
    Beihai 晚頭, 晚頭黑
    Beihai (Nankang) 黑, 晚黑頭, 晚間頭
    Beihai (Yingpan) 晚頭黑
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 晚黑, 晚間頭
    Ningming 晚上
    Hengzhou 到夜
    Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 夜頭
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 晚黑, 夜晚
    Danzhou 烏昏
    Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 夜裡
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 晚頭, 夜晚
    Singapore (Guangfu) 夜晚
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 晚黑, 夜晚
    Móng Cái 晚黑, 夜晚
    Yangon (Taishan) 晚頭
    Mandalay (Taishan) 夜
    Gan Nanchang 夜晚, 夜裡
    Pengze 夜裡
    Lichuan 夜上
    Pingxiang 夜晡仔, 夜晡
    Hakka Meixian 暗晡頭, 暗晡夜, 夜晡, 暗晡
    Xingning 暗晡, 夜晡頭
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 黑晚
    Huiyang 晚晨夜, 夜晡頭
    Huidong (Daling) 暗晡夜, 晚晨夜
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 夜晡晨, 晚晨夜
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 夜晡晨
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 夜晚
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 暗晡, 暗晡夜, 夜晡晨, 夜晡頭
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 暗矕
    Wengyuan 夜晡頭
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 夜晡夜, 夜子頭
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 夜晡頭
    Liannan 夜晡頭
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 夜晡夜
    Jiexi 暗晡頭
    Luhe 夜晡時, 暗夜仔
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 暗晡時頭
    Changting 暗晡
    Wuping 暗晡
    Wuping (Yanqian) 夜晡, 夜晡頭
    Wuping (Pingyu) 夜晡, 暗晡
    Liancheng 暗邊, 夜晡
    Liancheng (Peitian) 夜晡夜
    Ninghua 夜頭, 夜邊
    Yudu 夜晡, 暗晡
    Ningdu 夜晡晨
    Ruijin 夜晡
    Shicheng 夜辰
    Shangyou (Shexi) 夜芒
    Tonggu (Sandu) 暗晡
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 夜晡
    Dayu 夜晡
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡時節, 暗晡
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 夜時頭, 暗夜時頭, 暗夜, 暗晡
    Hong Kong 暗晡頭, 晚晨頭, 夜晚晨
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 晚間
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 晚間
    Xinyi (Sihe) 夜
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 夜晡夜
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 晚間頭
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 暗今頭
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 暗摸頭
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 暗晡夜
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 晏晡頭
    Mengshan (Xihe) 暗夜
    Luchuan 夜晡間
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 暗晡夜
    Bobai (Shahe) 夜晡頭
    Bobai (Longtan) 夜間頭
    Bobai (Lingping) 夜晡間
    Beiliu (Tang'an) 夜間頭
    Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 夜摸
    Xingye (Gaofeng) 夜間頭
    Mashan (Pianlian) 到夜
    Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 夜晡
    Pingle (Tong'an) 夜晡頭
    Yangshuo (Jinbao) 夜晡, 夜晡頭, 暗晡
    Sabah (Bao'an) 暗晡晨, 暗晚夜
    Senai (Huiyang) 夜晡晨, 暗晡晨
    Singkawang 夜晡頭
    Pontianak (Meixian) 暗晡時, 暗晡夜
    Bangkok (Meixian) 夜晡時
    Huizhou Jixi 夜下, 夜上
    Jin Taiyuan 黑夜, 黑咾
    Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 黑夜
    Xinzhou 黑夜, 黑勞
    Zhangjiakou 晚上, 黑夜
    Handan 晚上, 黑來
    Northern Min Jian'ou 暗暝, 暗暝頭
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 暝暗, 暝暗頭
    Songxi 暗暝
    Zhenghe 暗暝
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 暗暝
    Jianyang 暗暝
    Wuyishan 暗暝
    Pucheng (Shibei) 暗暝
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 暝晡, 暝晡頭, 兩晡頭
    Fuzhou (Changle) 兩晡頭, 暝晡
    Lianjiang 暝晡
    Fuqing 暝晡, 脖頭
    Pingtan 暝晡頭
    Yongtai 暝晡頭, 暝晡
    Minqing 暝晡
    Gutian 暝晡
    Pingnan 暝晡頭
    Luoyuan 暝晡
    Fu'an 暝晡
    Ningde 暝晡
    Xiapu 暝晡頭
    Zherong 暝晡
    Shouning 暝間
    Zhouning 暝晡
    Fuding 暝過頭
    Matsu 暝晡
    Southern Min Xiamen 暗暝, 暗時, 下昏, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暗頭時, 暝時, 下昏時
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 暝時, 下昏, 下昏時
    Quanzhou 暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時
    Jinjiang 暝時, 暗暝
    Nan'an 暗時
    Hui'an 暗暝, 暝時
    Anxi 暗暝
    Yongchun 暗暝, 暗時
    Dehua 暝時
    Zhangzhou 下昏, 暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時, 暝昏, 暝昏暗
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 下昏時
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 暝間
    Hua'an 下昏時
    Nanjing 暝間, 下昏
    Pinghe 暝時, 暗時
    Zhangpu 下昏
    Yunxiao 暝昏
    Zhao'an 下昏, 下昏時, 暝昏時
    Dongshan 暝昏時, 暝間
    Taipei 下昏, 下昏暗時, 暗時, 暗頭仔
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 下昏暗, 暗時
    Kaohsiung 下昏, 下暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔, 暝時
    Yilan 下昏, 下暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 下昏暗, 暗時, 暗頭仔
    Taichung 暗時, 暝時
    Taichung (Wuqi) 暗時
    Tainan 下昏, 下昏暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔, 暝時
    Taitung 下暗
    Hsinchu 暗時, 下昏暗時
    Kinmen 暗時, 下昏時
    Penghu (Magong) 暝時, 下昏, 此暝昏, 暗頭仔
    Penang (Hokkien) 暗暝
    Singapore (Hokkien) 暗暝, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時, 下昏
    Manila (Hokkien) 暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暝時
    Longyan 暗頭, 暗暝
    Zhangping 暗昏時, 下昏
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 暗時, 暗昏時, 暝時
    Datian 暝昏頭
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 夜裡, 暗昏時
    Guiping (Xiaowen) 月昏, 月昏時, 遘昏
    Guiping (Dongsheng) 下昏
    Chaozhou 暝旰, 暝暗, 一暝
    Shantou 暝旰, 暝暗, 暝暗頭, 暝昏囝, 暝昏時, 一暝
    Shantou (Chenghai) 暝暗, 暝暗頭, 一暝
    Jieyang 暝旰, 暝暗頭, 暝昏時, 暝昏頭
    Lufeng 暝時
    Haifeng 暝昏, 暝時, 暝昏時
    Bangkok (Teochew) 暝昏
    Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 暝昏
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 暝昏囝, 暝時
    Singapore (Teochew) 暝旰
    Batam (Teochew) 暝旰
    Leizhou 暝昏, 暝頭, 暝旰
    Wenchang 暝頭, 暗上
    Haikou 暝頭, 暝昏, 暝暗
    Qionghai 暝頭, 暝昏頭
    Singapore (Hainanese) 暝頭
    Puxian Min Putian 暝頭, 暝時頭, 暝頭時, 暝昏
    Xianyou 暝頭, 暝時, 暝昏
    Fuding (Aoyao) 暝昏頭
    Central Min Yong'an 暝昏
    Sanming (Sanyuan) 暝昏
    Sanming (Shaxian) 暝昏
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 麻昏, 暝昏, 暝頭
    Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 暝昏
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 夜裡
    Nanning (Shajing) 夜裡頭
    Hengzhou (Baihe) 夜
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 夜下
    Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 夜來, 夜晚
    Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 夜晡時頭
    Lingchuan (Sanjie) 夜時
    Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 夜時
    Shehua Fu'an 暗晡頭
    Fuding 暗晡頭
    Sanming 暗晡
    Shunchang 暗晡頭
    Hua'an 暗晡時
    Guixi (Zhangping) 暗
    Cangnan 暗晡
    Jingning (Hexi) 暗晡
    Lishui 暗晡
    Longyou 暗晡夜
    Chaozhou 暗晡
    Fengshun 暗晡時
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 黑頭, 夜裡
    Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 夜了, 黑了
    Wu Shanghai 夜頭, 夜裡頭, 夜裡向, 夜裡, 夜到頭, 夜到, 黃昏戌時 dated
    Shanghai (Chongming) 夜裡向, 夜頭, 夜來
    Suzhou 夜裡, 夜裡向, 夜頭
    Wuxi 夜頭
    Changzhou 夜勒
    Danyang 夜頭, 夜裡
    Hangzhou 夜到, 夜到頭, 夜裡向, 夜裡, 夜裡頭
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 夜到, 夜裡向, 夜裡
    Ningbo 夜到, 夜到頭, 夜頭, 夜到晚頭, 夜到末頭
    Wenzhou 黃昏, 夜裡
    Jinhua 夜裡, 夜頭
    Xiang Changsha 夜間子, 夜裡
    Loudi 夜界, 夜裡
    Shuangfeng 夜裡, 夜唧
    Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 夜黑
    Dong'an 黑裡咯
    Yuebei Tuhua Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) 夜下
    Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) 夜晡
    Renhua (Zhoutian) 夜晚
    Renhua (Shitang) 暗晡
    Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) 夜下
    Lechang (Changlai) 暗晡
    Lechang (Beixiang) 晏晡
    Lechang (Huangpu) 夜晡頭
    Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) 夜晡前
    Lechang (Sanxi) 半夜裡
    Dialectal synonyms of 夜 (“night (counting)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 夜, 夕
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 夜
    Northeastern Mandarin Singapore 晚
    Cantonese Guangzhou 晚
    Hong Kong 晚
    Singapore (Guangfu) 晚
    Southern Min Xiamen 暝, 暗
    Quanzhou 暝, 暗
    Shishi 暗暝
    Zhangzhou 暝, 暗
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 暝
    Taipei 暝 GT, 暗 GT
    Singapore (Hokkien) 暝
    Manila (Hokkien) 暗
    Shantou 暝
    Singapore (Teochew) 暝
    Wenchang 暝
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

    Compounds

    References

    Etymology 2

    Pronunciation

    Definitions

    夜

    1. (Southern Min) Alternative form of 暝

    Japanese

    Kanji

    夜

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    • Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
    • Kun: よ (yo, 夜, Jōyō)、よる (yoru, 夜, Jōyō)
    • Nanori: やす (yasu)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    夜
    よる
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    ⟨yo1ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

    Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.[1]

    Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 C.E., with the phonetic spelling 用流.[1]

    Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    夜(よる) • (yoru) 

    1. the night, evening
      Synonym: 夜間 (yakan)
      Antonym: 昼 (hiru)
      東(とう)京(きょう)の夜(よる)
      Tōkyō no yoru
      Tokyo nights
      夜(よる)の街(まち)を歩(ある)く
      yoru no machi o aruku
      to walk the streets at night
      (literally, “to walk the night streets”)
      不(ふ)安(あん)な夜(よる)を過(す)ごす
      fuan na yoru o sugosu
      to endure a night of anxiety
      (literally, “to pass an uneasy night”)
      夜(よる)の星(ほし)空(ぞら)を見(み)上(あ)げる
      yoru no hoshizora o miageru
      to look up at the night's starry sky
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    Proper noun

    夜(よる) • (Yoru) 

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    夜
    よ
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    ⟨yo1⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.

    First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 用.[1]

    In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    夜(よ) • (yo) 

    1. (literary) night, evening
      『真(ま)夏(なつ)の夜(よ)の夢(ゆめ)』 ― “Manatsu no Yo no Yume” ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “夜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 夜 (MC yaeH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 양〮 (Yale: yá)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 밤〮 (Yale: pám) 야〯 (Yale: yǎ)

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    夜 (eumhun 밤 야 (bam ya))

    1. hanja form? of 야 (“night”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    夜

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    夜
    ゆる
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

    Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    夜(ゆる) (yuru) 

    1. the night
    Derived terms

    Counter

    夜(ゆる) (-yuru) 

    1. nights
      一(ちゅ)夜(ゆる) ― chuyuru ― one night
      二(た)夜(ゆる) ― tayuru ― two nights

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    夜
    ゆー
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *yo, from Proto-Japonic *yo.

    Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yo).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    夜(ゆー) (yū) 

    1. the night
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    See also

    References

    Okinoerabu

    Kanji

    夜

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    夜
    いぃーる
    Grade: 2

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

    Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).

    Noun

    夜(いぃーる) (yīru) 

    1. the night

    Old Japanese

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Japonic *yoru.

    Derived from yo1 below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (pi1, “day”) → 晝 (pi1ru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.

    Used as a standalone noun but not in compounds.

    Noun

    夜 (yo1ru) (kana よる)

    1. the night, evening
      Antonym: 晝 (pi1ru)
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 807:
        , text here
        宇豆都仁波安布余志勿奈子奴婆多麻能用流能伊昧仁越都伎提美延許曾
        ututu ni pa apu yo2si mo nasi nubatama no2 yo1ru no2 ime2 ni wo tugi1te miye ko2so2
        There is no way to see you in reality. Please continue to appear in dreams of the night![2]
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Japanese: 夜 (yoru)

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-Japonic *yo, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).[1]

    Used as both a standalone noun and in compounds.

    Noun

    夜 (yo1) (kana よ)

    1. the night, evening
      • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 3:
        ...阿遠夜麻邇比賀迦久良婆奴婆多麻能用波伊傅那牟...
        ...awoyama ni pi1 ga kakuraba nubatama no2 yo1 pa idenamu...
        As soon as the sun hides behind the verdant mountains, then jet-black night will come.[3]
    Derived terms
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Japanese: 夜 (yo)

    Etymology 3

    Attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE) and in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as the Eastern Old Japanese variation of yo above.

    Noun

    夜 (yu) (kana ゆ)

    1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) the night, evening
      • c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
        志努波羅能意登比賣能古袁佐比登由母爲禰弖牟志太夜伊幣爾久太佐牟
        sino1para no2 oto2pi1me1 no2 ko1 wo sa-pi1to2yu mo inetemu sida ya ipe1 ni kudasamu
        Once I've taken her, slept with her a single night―that little lady, the girl from the bamboo brakes―I'll send her down to her home.[4]
        [Note: Some later manuscripts erroneously replace the man'yōgana 袁 (wo) with 素 (⟨so1⟩ → so).]

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ Haruo Shirane (2005) Classical Japanese: A Grammar, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 320
    3. ^ Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Volume 2255 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 106-7
    4. ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1997) “Combinations of Poetry and Prose in Classical Japanese Narrative”, in Joseph Harris, Ph.D., Joseph Harris, Karl Reichl, editors, Prosimetrum: Crosscultural Perspectives on Narrative in Prose and Verse, illustrated edition, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page 416

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    夜: Hán Nôm readings: dạ, dà

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yonaguni

    Kanji

    夜

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    夜
    どぅる
    Grade: 2

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

    Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).

    Noun

    夜(どぅる) (duru) 

    1. the night
    Pusat Layanan

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