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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 虹
虹

虹

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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虹 U+8679, 虹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8679
← 虸
[U+8678] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 虺 →
[U+867A]

Translingual

Han character

A rainbow.

虹 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 51110, composition ⿰虫工)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1076, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2834, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8679

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 虹
alternative forms
𧈫
𧈬
𧌫
𧍺
𧊋
𧈫
𧈬
𧌫
𧍺
𧊋
蝎
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虹
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Originally pictographic (象形) in the oracle bone script. The ancient Chinese regarded the rainbow as a two-headed creature.

In the seal script, it has become a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

Etymology

Probably non-Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Mien *kluŋᴬ (“rainbow”), Thai รุ้ง (rúng, “rainbow”), Zhuang duzdoengz (“rainbow”), saidoengz (“rainbow”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Benedict (1986) and Carr (1990) relate this to 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) and 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ, “red”).

Pronunciation 1

Note: jiàng, gàng - only used as a standalone word.
Note:
  • gang4 - vernacular;
  • hong2 - literary.
Note: gong3 - used in 天虹 (tin1 gong3).
Note: kuung3 - used in 水虹 (sui2 kuung3).
Note:
  • gong4 - vernacular;
  • fung4 - literary.
Note:
  • Hailu:
    • kiung˖ - vernacular;
    • fung - literary.
Note:
  • jion2 - vernacular;
  • hung1 - literary.
Note:
  • gô̤ng - vernacular;
  • ǒng - literary.
Note:
  • kê̤ṳng - vernacular;
  • hùng - literary.
Note:
  • khēng/khěng - vernacular;
  • hông - literary.
Note:
  • kêng6 - vernacular;
  • hong5 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: kiang6 / hong5
      • Sinological IPA: /kʰiaŋ³³/, /hɔŋ²²/
Note:
  • kiang6 - vernacular;
  • hong5 - literary.
Note:
  • gan4 - vernacular;
  • hong2 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 虹 虹
    Reading # 1/3 3/3
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 東 (1) 江 (9)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) I II
    Fanqie 戸公切 古巷切
    Baxter huwng kaewngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦuŋ/ /kˠʌŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦuŋ/ /kᵚɔŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuŋ/ /kɔŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦəwŋ/ /kaɨwŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuŋ/ /kɔŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣuŋ/ /kɔŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣuŋ/ /kɔŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hóng jiàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hung4 gong3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 虹 虹
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hóng jiàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ huwng › ‹ kæwngH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m-kˁoŋ/ /*kˁroŋ-s/
    English rainbow rainbow

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 虹 虹
    Reading # 3/3 1/3
    No. 4056 4004
    Phonetic
    component         		工 工
    Rime
    group         		東 東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		洪 絳
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡoːŋ/ /*kroːŋs/

    Definitions

    虹

    1. rainbow; primary rainbow (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 道 m)
      彩虹  ―  cǎihóng  ―  rainbow
      天上出虹了。  ―  Tiānshàng chū jiàng le.  ―  There's a rainbow in the sky.
    2. (literary, figurative) bridge
    Synonyms
    • (rainbow):
    Dialectal synonyms of 虹 (“rainbow”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 虹, 螮蝀, 雩, 隮
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 彩虹, 虹
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 虹
    Taiwan 彩虹
    Langfang 虹
    Chengde 虹
    Ulanhot 七彩虹
    Tongliao 彩虹
    Chifeng 虹, 大虹
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 虹, 彩虹
    Heihe 虹, 彩虹
    Qiqihar 虹
    Harbin 虹, 紅虹
    Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 虹
    Jiamusi 虹
    Baicheng 虹
    Changchun 虹
    Tonghua 虹
    Shenyang 虹, 彩虹
    Jinzhou 虹, 彩虹
    Singapore 彩虹
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 虹
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 虹
    Tangshan 虹, 彩虹
    Cangzhou 虹
    Xianxian (Xiaoying) 彩虹, 虹
    Baoding 虹, 彩虹
    Shijiazhuang 虹
    Lijin 虹
    Rizhao 虹
    Jinan 虹
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 虹
    Dandong 虹
    Yantai 虹
    Yantai (Muping) 虹
    Qingdao 虹
    Zhucheng 虹
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 虹
    Lingbao 虹
    Jining 虹
    Daming 虹
    Wanrong 虹
    Linfen 虹
    Shangqiu 虹, 彩虹
    Yuanyang 虹
    Zhengzhou 虹
    Kaifeng 虹
    Xinyang 虹
    Ankang 虹
    Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 虹
    Baihe 虹
    Baihe (Maoping) 虹
    Xi'an 虹, 彩虹
    Dingbian 彩虹
    Baoji 虹
    Tongxin 虹
    Yanchi 虹
    Guyuan 虹
    Longde 虹
    Jingyuan 虹
    Tianshui 虹
    Xining 虹
    Yanqi 虹
    Xuzhou 虹
    Fuyang 虹
    Qimen (Anling Junhua) 虹
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 虹
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 虹
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 虹, 彩虹
    Wuzhong 虹
    Zhongwei 虹
    Bayanhot 彩虹, 虹
    Lanzhou 虹
    Dunhuang 虹
    Hami 虹
    Ürümqi 虹
    Ürümqi (Xigou) 彩虹
    Ürümqi (Changshanzi) 虹
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 虹, 天橋, 彩虹, 天龍
    Chengdu (Xindu) 虹
    Nanchong 虹, 彩虹
    Dazhou 虹
    Hanyuan 虹
    Xichang 虹
    Zigong 彩虹
    Muli 虹
    Chongqing 虹, 彩虹
    Wuhan 虹
    Yichang 虹, 彩虹
    Xiangyang 虹, 彩虹
    Tianmen 虹, 曬虹
    Guiyang 虹
    Zunyi 虹
    Bijie 虹
    Liping 虹, 虹濟水
    Zhaotong 虹
    Dali 虹
    Kunming 虹, 彩虹
    Mengzi 虹, 彩虹
    Guilin 虹, 彩虹
    Guilin (Lingui) 虹
    Pingle 龍虹, 彩虹
    Liuzhou 虹, 彩虹
    Liuzhou (Luorong) 虹
    Luzhai 彩虹
    Nanning (Wuming) 彩虹
    Hechi (Yizhou) 龍虹
    Luocheng (Dongmen) 龍虹 dated, 彩虹
    Tianlin (Langping) 虹
    Tianlin (Pingtang) 虹
    Xiangzhou (Nalu) 虹槓東
    Jishou 虹, 螞蟥幹
    Changde 虹, 馬雲
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 彩虹
    Shiquan 虹
    Ziyang 虹
    Hanzhong 虹
    Kokang 虹吃水, 龍虹
    Dagudi (Maliba) 彩虹
    Reshuitang (Longling) 老虹
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 老虹, 彩虹
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 老虹
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 虹
    Yangzhou 虹
    Lianyungang 虹
    Lianshui 虹
    Nantong 鱟, 虹
    Anqing 虹
    Wuhu 虹
    Hefei 虹
    Chuzhou 虹
    Huanggang 虹
    Hong'an 虹
    Mandarin Yongning (Najiahu) 虹
    Jiangshan (Nianbadu) 虹
    Kaihua (Huabu) 虹
    Yushan (Huaiyu) 虹
    Cantonese Guangzhou 虹, 天虹, 龍拱
    Hong Kong 彩虹, 天虹
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 天弓
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 虹
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 天弓
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 天虹
    Macau 虹
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 虹
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 龍
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 龍虹
    Foshan 鑊耳龍
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 龍
    Foshan (Shunde) 拱篷
    Foshan (Sanshui) 鑊耳龍
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 龍
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 虹拱
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 播虹
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 龍孔
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 龍孔
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 叫虹
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 鑊耳, 水拱
    Taishan 鑊耳, 水虹, 水拱
    Taishan (Guanghai) 龍生水, 鑊耳虹, 彩虹
    Kaiping (Chikan) 鑊耳龍, 水拱
    Enping (Niujiang) 鑊耳龍
    Heshan (Yayao) 虹
    Dongguan 虹
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 虹
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 天弓
    Qingyuan 虹
    Fogang 虹, 龍
    Yingde (Hanguang) 天弓
    Yangshan 虹
    Lianshan (Butian) 汗龍
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 天虹
    Shaoguan 虹
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 虹
    Renhua 天虹
    Lechang 天虹
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 龍
    Sihui 龍
    Guangning 龍
    Deqing 龍
    Huaiji 虹
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 旱龍
    Yunfu 龍
    Xinxing 龍
    Yunan (Pingtai) 龍
    Yangjiang 破篷
    Xinyi 湴更
    Lianjiang 虹
    Nanning 虹, 雙虹
    Nanning (Tanka) 彩虹
    Wuzhou 彩虹
    Wuzhou (Longxu) 虹
    Yulin 龐虹
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 天虹, 虹
    Hepu (Shatian) 拱
    Guiping 虹
    Guiping (Jintian) 虹
    Guiping (Jiangkou) 虹, 彩虹
    Guiping (Madong) 龐虹
    Pingnan (Danzhu) 龍
    Mengshan (Xihe) 龍
    Guigang (Nanjiang) 虹
    Beiliu 湴界, 彩虹
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 虹
    Baise 虹, 雙虹
    Bobai 虹
    Lingshan 龐虹
    Pubei 龐虹
    Qinzhou 天虹, 虹, 彩虹
    Qinzhou (Xiaodong) 龐虹
    Qinzhou (Changtan) 龐虹
    Qinzhou (Nasi) 龐虹
    Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 虹
    Beihai 天虹, 天橋
    Beihai (Nankang) 拱
    Beihai (Yingpan) 拱
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 拱
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 篷拱
    Ningming 虹
    Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 虹
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 天弓
    Chongzuo (Laituan) 天虹
    Fusui (Qujiu) 蛤筒食水
    Lingchuan (Yangjia) 龍虹
    Pingle (Majia) 彩虹
    Pingle (Shuishan) 虹
    Danzhou 天虹
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 彩虹, 彩龍
    Sarikei (Xinhui) 龍拱
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 彩虹
    Móng Cái 天弓
    Yangon (Taishan) 虹
    Mandalay (Taishan) 鑊耳虹
    Bangkok (Guangfu) 虹
    Gan Nanchang 虹
    Pengze 虹
    Yanshan 虹
    Lichuan 天虹, 天吊, 虹
    Pingxiang 虹
    Guixi 虹
    Hakka Meixian 天弓
    Xingning 天弓
    Fengshun (Liuhuang) 彩虹, 虹仔
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 彩虹, 青里
    Huidong (Daling) 天弓
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 天弓
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 天弓
    Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 天弓
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 天弓食水
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 虹
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 天弓
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 天弓
    Wuhua (Changbu) 天弓
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 天弓
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 虹
    Zijin 天弓
    Nanxiong (Zhuji) 虹
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 天弓
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 龍
    Liannan 天虹
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 虹
    Jiexi 弓
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 虹
    Nanjing (Meilin) 彩虹
    Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang) 虹
    Changting 虹
    Wuping 天弓
    Wuping (Yanqian) 天弓
    Wuping (Pingyu) 天弓
    Liancheng 虹
    Liancheng (Peitian) 天門神
    Ninghua 虹
    Yudu 虹
    Ningdu 虹
    Ruijin 虹
    Shicheng 虹
    Shangyou (Shexi) 虹
    Tonggu (Sandu) 天虹
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 虹
    Dayu 虹
    Taoyuan 天弓
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 天弓, 虹
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 天弓
    Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 天弓
    Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 天弓
    Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 天弓
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 虹
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 天弓
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 虹
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 虹
    Hong Kong 天弓
    Mengshan (Xihe) 虹
    Luchuan 天公虹
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 天公降水
    Bobai (Shahe) 天弓
    Bobai (Longtan) 天弓
    Bobai (Lingping) 天弓
    Beiliu (Tang'an) 天公食水
    Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 天弓
    Xingye (Gaofeng) 天弓
    Mashan (Pianlian) 天公食水
    Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 虹
    Lipu (Shuangduitun) 彩虹
    Lipu (Dashigu) 彩虹, 月龍
    Pingle (Tong'an) 彩龍
    Guidong 天虹
    Chengdu (Longtan) 天弓
    Chengdu (Shiling) 天弓
    Chengdu (Longwang) 天弓
    Chengdu (Shibantan) 天弓
    Chengdu (Xindu Subdistrict) 天弓, 虹
    Sabah (Longchuan) 天弓
    Senai (Huiyang) 天弓, 彩虹
    Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 弓
    Singkawang 天弓
    Pontianak (Meixian) 天弓
    Mempawah (Meixian) 天弓
    Medan (Metal - Meixian) 彩虹
    Singapore (Meixian) 天弓
    Singapore (Dabu) 彩虹
    Bangkok (Meixian) 彩虹, 天弓
    Bangkok (Fengshun) 弓
    Bangkok (Jiexi) 弓
    Huizhou Jixi 日頭紅虹, 虹
    Shexian 虹, 彩虹
    Shexian (Xianggao) 虹
    Shexian (Daguyun) 虹
    Huangshan (Tunxi) 虹
    Yixian 虹
    Qimen 虹
    Qimen (Anling Minhua) 虹
    Wuyuan 虹
    Fuliang 虹
    Dexing 彩虹
    Shitai (Xianyu) 虹
    Jin Taiyuan 虹
    Pingyao 虹
    Yangyuan 虹
    Datong 虹
    Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 虹
    Xinzhou 虹
    Lüliang (Lishi) 虹
    Changzhi 虹
    Taibus (Baochang) 虹
    Linhe 虹
    Jining 虹
    Hohhot 虹
    Baotou 虹
    Dongsheng 虹
    Haibowan 虹
    Erenhot 虹
    Pingshan 虹
    Zhangjiakou 虹
    Handan 虹
    Linzhou 虹
    Suide 虹, 水罐
    Zizhou 水罐
    Mizhi 虹
    Jiaxian 虹
    Wubu 水罐子
    Shenmu 虹
    Fugu 罐
    Yulin 虹
    Yulin (Hengshan) 虹
    Jingbian 虹
    Yan'an 虹
    Yan'an (Ansai) 虹
    Ganquan 虹
    Zhidan 虹
    Wuqi 虹
    Qingjian 虹
    Zichang 虹
    Yanchuan 虹
    Yanchang 吊水罐罐
    Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 鱟
    Jinhua 鱟
    Lanxi 鱟
    Tunxi 虹
    Northern Min Jian'ou 虹
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 虹
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 虹
    Pucheng (Shibei) 虹, 攔溪仔 dated
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 虹
    Fuqing 虹
    Gutian 虹
    Shouning 虹
    Matsu 虹
    Southern Min Xiamen 虹
    Quanzhou 虹
    Jinjiang 虹
    Yongchun 虹
    Zhangzhou 虹
    Hua'an 虹
    Dongshan 虹
    Taipei 虹
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 虹
    Kaohsiung 虹
    Yilan 虹
    Changhua (Lukang) 虹
    Taichung 虹
    Taichung (Wuqi) 虹
    Tainan 虹
    Taitung 虹
    Hsinchu 虹
    Kinmen 虹
    Penghu (Magong) 虹
    Penang (Hokkien) 虹
    Singapore (Hokkien) 虹
    Manila (Hokkien) 彩虹
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 天虹
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 虹
    Pingnan (Pingtian) 虹
    Pingnan (Sijie) 虹
    Guiping (Xiaowen) 虹, 彩虹
    Guiping (Dongsheng) 發紅雲
    Guilin (Biyange) 龍公
    Pingle (Zhoutang) 龍, 天橋
    Lechang (Tatou) 天虹
    Renhua (Changshabei) 天虹
    Yingde (Yuzui) 虹
    Yunan (Liantan) 龍, 虹
    Yuhuan (Kanmen) 虹
    Chaozhou 虹
    Shantou 虹
    Shantou (Chenghai) 虹
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 虹, 彩虹
    Jieyang 虹
    Haifeng 虹
    Bangkok (Teochew) 虹
    Chiang Mai (Teochew) 彩虹
    Hat Yai (Teochew) 虹
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 虹
    Pontianak (Teochew) 虹
    Leizhou 虹
    Wenchang 虹
    Haikou 虹
    Wanning 虹
    Puxian Min Putian 虹
    Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 虹
    Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 虹
    Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 虹
    Xianyou 虹
    Xianyou (Fengting) 虹
    Xianyou (Youyang) 虹
    Fuding (Aoyao) 虹
    Central Min Yong'an 虹
    Sanming (Sanyuan) 虹
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 播虹
    Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 跨篷
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 虹
    Nanning (Shajing) 虹
    Nanning (Gejiayuan) 虹
    Nanning (Zhegulu) 虹, 拱橋
    Nanning (Silian) 虹, 天虹
    Nanning (Xiuxiang) 虹
    Nanning (Sucun) 虹, 幹筒
    Binyang 虹, 龍虹
    Binyang (Xinqiao) 虹
    Hengzhou (Baihe) 龐虹
    Liucheng (Yangmei) 虹
    Luocheng (Niubi) 長虹
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 虹
    Guilin (Chaoyang) 虹
    Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 虹
    Guilin (Zhuyuan) 虹
    Guilin (Dabu) 雨界
    Guilin (Yangjia) 龍
    Guilin (Qianjing) 雨虹
    Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 江東龍, 龍虹
    Guilin (Huangsha, Lingui) 龍虹
    Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 天龍, 彩圈
    Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 虹
    Lingchuan (Sanjie) 虹
    Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 虹
    Lingchuan (Gudong) 龍虹
    Lingchuan (Tanxia) 虹
    Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 彩虹, 虹
    Lingchuan (Gongping) 龍虹
    Guanyang (Guanyinge) 龍虹
    Pingle (Zhangjia) 虹
    Yangshuo (Putao) 雨虹
    Shehua Ningde 蛟龍
    Fu'an 蛟龍
    Fuding 蛟龍
    Zhouning 蛟龍
    Xiapu 蛟龍
    Shouning 虹
    Gutian 蛟龍
    Luoyuan 蛟龍
    Sanming 蛟龍
    Shunchang 蛟龍
    Hua'an 蛟龍
    Guixi (Zhangping) 蛟龍
    Yanshan (Taiyuan) 蛟龍
    Cangnan 蛟龍
    Jingning (Hexi) 蛟龍
    Lishui 蛟龍
    Longyou 蛟龍
    Hangzhou (Lin'an) 蛟龍
    Chaozhou 蛟龍
    Fengshun 蛟龍
    Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 螞蟥雲
    Wu Shanghai 虹, 彩虹, 鱟 dated
    Shanghai (Chongming) 鱟
    Suzhou 鱟, 彩虹, 虹
    Wuxi 彩虹, 虹, 鱟
    Danyang 虹
    Hangzhou 鱟, 彩虹
    Hangzhou (Fuyang) 鱟
    Ningbo 鱟, 虹
    Linhai 鱟
    Yuhuan (Damaiyu) 鱟
    Yuhuan (Chumen) 鱟
    Wenzhou 鱟
    Songyang (Gushi) 鱟
    Longquan 鱟
    Jinhua 鱟, 彩虹
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 熯
    Xiang Changsha 虹
    Xiangtan 虹
    Xiangtan County (Cha'ensi) 虹
    Xiangxiang 虹
    Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 彩虹
    Loudi 虹
    Shuangfeng 虹
    Hengyang 虹
    Hengshan 虹, 雲虹
    Hengshan (Baiguo) 斗雨
    Quanzhou 彩虹
    Guanyang (Wenshi) 虹
    Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 虹
    Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 蟲
    Dong'an 虹, 螃蟹夾草
    Yuebei Tuhua Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) 拱橋
    Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) 天弓
    Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) 天弓
    Renhua (Zhoutian) 天虹
    Renhua (Shitang) 天狗
    Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) 天拱
    Lechang (Changlai) 天虹
    Lechang (Beixiang) 天虹
    Lechang (Huangpu) 天虹
    Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) 天虹, 天橋
    Lechang (Sanxi) 虹
    See also

    Compounds

    Pronunciation 2

    Definitions

    虹

    1. † to fester
    2. Only used in 虹洞.

    Pronunciation 3

    Rime
    Character 虹
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 東 (1)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古送切
    Baxter kuwngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kuŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kuŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəwŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kuŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kuŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gòng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gung3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 虹
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 4032
    Phonetic
    component         		工
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		貢
    Old
    Chinese         		/*koːŋs/
    Notes 原注今音絳

    Definitions

    虹

    1. (historical) A county in modern Anhui, China

    Japanese

    Kanji

    虹

    (Jōyō kanji)

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    虹 (niji): a rainbow.

    Readings

    • Go-on: ぐ (gu)
    • Kan-on: こう (kō)
    • Kun: にじ (niji, 虹, Jōyō)

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    虹
    にじ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spelling
    霓

    ⟨nizi⟩ → /niʑi/

    From Old Japanese 虹 (nizi). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

    Also attested as man’yōgana form 爾自 in the 金光明最勝王経音義 (Konkōmyō Saishōō-kyō Ongi) of 1079. May be a shift from earlier ぬじ (nuji) or のじ (noji) readings.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    虹(にじ) • (niji) 

    1. a rainbow
      Synonym: 虹霓 (kōgei)
      春雨(はるさめ)がやんだ途(と)端(たん)に、美(うつく)しい虹(にじ)が現(あらわ)れた。
      Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.
      Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.
      • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1:
        虹　毛詩註云：「螮蝀虹也帝董、二音螮又作レ蝃。」［和名：爾之］
        　　兼名苑云：「虹，一名蜺。」五稽反、與レ鯢同、又五結倪擊二反。
        　　今按、雄曰レ虹、雌曰レ蜺也。
        Rainbow - according to the annotated Mao Commentary, a bridge becomes a rainbow by the Emperor’s command of two syllables: tei-tung or teitō. Japanese name, niji.
        According to the Jianming Yuan, 虹 is also written as 蜺 (Chinese fanqie: 五稽), same [component] with 鯢; five salamanders connect themselves by their ends (Chinese fanqie [of latter]: 擊二).
        Today, males call the rainbow 虹 while females 蜺.
    Derived terms
    Derived terms
    Idioms

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    虹
    のず
    Grade: S
    irregular
    For pronunciation and definitions of 虹 – see the following entry.
    【のず】
    [noun] 虹: (dialectal, Yamagata) rainbow
    (This term, 虹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3

    Kanji in this term
    虹
    こう
    Grade: S
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC huwng).

    Affix

    虹(こう) • (kō) 

    1. rainbow
    2. rainbowlike
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ “虹・霓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology 1

    From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC huwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 호ᇰ (hwong) (Yale: hwong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    虹 (eumhun 무지개 홍 (mujigae hong))

    1. hanja form? of 홍 (“rainbow”)
      Synonym: 霓 (예 (ye))

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC kuwngH).

    Hanja

    虹 (eumhun 고을 이름 공 (go'eul ireum gong))

    1. hanja form? of 공 (“a placename”)

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    虹

    (Jōyō kanji)

    Readings

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    虹
    ぬーじ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *nozi.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    虹(ぬーじ) (nūji) 

    1. a rainbow

    References

    1. ^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

    Old Japanese

    Etymology

    From Proto-Japonic *nonsi. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Noun

    虹 (nizi) (kana にじ)

    1. a rainbow
      Synonyms: ぬじ (nuzi), のじ (no₁zi)
      • 711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Emperor Ōjin; Kanenaga-bon glosses[1]):
        此沼之邊、一賤女晝寢、於是日耀二如レ虹一、指二其陰上一。
        In the vicinity of the pond, the vulgar woman slept during the day, then on this day, like a shining rainbow, she fingered the upper vagina.

    Descendants

    • Japanese: 虹 (niji)

    References

    1. ^ “虹・霓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    虹: Hán Việt readings: hồng[1]
    虹: Nôm readings: vồng[1]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trần (2004).
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