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  2. Wiktionary
  3. .ṯn
.ṯn

.ṯn

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: ṯn, tn, TN, Tn, .tn, .Tn, t.n., and T.-N.

Egyptian

Etymology

From Proto-Egyptian *-kina, the front vowel /i/ led to a palatalization of /k/.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Pronoun

T
n
Z2

 pl 2. suffix pronoun

  1. you, your (see usage notes)

Usage notes

This form of pronoun attaches directly to the preceding word, and means different things depending on what it is attached to.

  • When attached to a noun, it indicates the possessor of the noun.
  • When attached to a verb of the suffix conjugation, it indicates the subject of the verb.
  • When attached to an infinitive verb (especially of an intransitive verb) whose subject is not otherwise expressed, it indicates the subject of the verb.
  • When attached to a transitive infinitive verb whose subject is otherwise expressed or omitted, it indicates the object of the verb.
  • In the third person, when attached to a prospective participle, it indicates gender and number agreement.
  • When attached to a particle like jw or a parenthetic like ḫr, it indicates the subject of the clause.
  • When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
  • When it follows a relative adjective such as ntj or ntt, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (except in the first person singular and third person common).

Inflection

Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular ∅, .j
 .k, .kj1
 .ṯ, .ṯn
 .f, .fj1
 .s, .sj1
dual .nj
 .ṯnj
 .snj
plural .n
 .ṯn
 .sn
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns singular w, wj, wy
 kw, k, ṯw, ṯ
 ṯm, ṯn
 sw, s
 s
dual —
 ṯnj
 snj
plural n
 ṯn
 sn
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk
 ṯwt
 ṯmt
 swt
 stt
dual —
 —
 ntsnj
plural —
 ntṯn
 ntsn, jntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings singular .kj, .k
 .tj, .t
 ∅, .j
 .tj, .t
dual — .tjwn
 .wy, .wj
 .ty
plural .wn, .nw
 ∅, .w, .y, .wy
 .tj, .t
  1. Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular ∅, .j
 .k, .kj1
 .ṯ, .t
 .f, .fj1
 .s, .sj1
dual2 .nj
 .ṯnj, .tnj
 .snj
plural .n
 .ṯn, .tn
 .sn, .w3
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns singular wj, w
 ṯw, tw
 ṯn, tn
 sw, st
 sj, s, st
plural n
 ṯn, tn
 sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk
 ntk, ṯwt2
 ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2
 ntf, swt2
 nts, swt2
plural jnn3
 ntṯn, nttn
 ntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings singular .kw
 .tj, .t, .tw3
 ∅, .w
 .tj, .t, .tw3
plural .wn, .wjn
 .tjwn, .tjwnj
 ∅, .w, .y
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 singular tw.j
 tw.k
 tw.t
 sw
 sj, st
plural tw.n
 tw.tn
 st
  1. Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
  2. Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
  3. Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular ∅, .j
 .k, .kw
 .t
 .f, .fj
 .s, .st, .sw
plural .n
 .tn, .twn
 .w, .sn1
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 singular wj
 tw, tj
 sw, st
plural n, wn
 twn
 sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk
 mntk, mtwk
 mntt, mtwy
 mntf
 mntst, mntjst
plural jnn
 mnttn
 mntw
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 singular .kw, .k
 .tj, .tw
 ∅, .w, .y
 .tj, .tw
plural .nw
 .tn
 ∅, .w, .y
unmarked (later) ∅, .tw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns singular tw.j
 tw.k
 tw.t
 sw
 st, sw
plural tw.n
 tw.tn
 st, sw, swt
  1. Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of .ṯn  
T
n
t
n
Z2
t
n
t
n
n
Z2
tWn
n
Z2
t
Z2ss
.ṯn .tn .tn .tn .twn .tn
[Late Egyptian] [Late Egyptian] [Late Egyptian]
written as plural of .t
In Late Egyptian, the presence of this pronoun results in the retention of final -t when the word it is attached to ends in this consonant; this is expressed by adding
tW
before the pronoun to indicate the retained -t.

References

  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 50.
  • Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 52
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 64
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