i-
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English i-, y-, ȝe-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱó-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, near, by, along”). Cognate with Dutch ge-, Low German ge-, je-, e-, German ge-.
Prefix
i-
- (obsolete) Used to form past participles of verbs. Alternative spelling of y-
Etymology 2
From Latin ī-, assimilated form of in- used before g-.
Prefix
i-
Synonyms
Etymology 3
Prefix
i-
- (Jamaica) Used to transform English words into words used by Rastafarians with a special meaning.
See also
Rastafarian on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Rastafarian I words on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 4
Popularized in the name of the iMac line of computers (1998).
Prefix
i-
- Alluding to the Internet.
- Alluding to digital devices and computer programs, especially those that are cutting-edge or fashionable, and those from Apple.
- 1999 November 1, Melissa August, “Ad Infinitum”, in Time, volume 154, page 39:
- I-WHAT?! Seems everyone's ripping off the iMac idea. Take this parody ad for the fruity-colored “iBrator” at sleeplessknights.com.
Derived terms
Choctaw
Pronunciation
Prefix
ī- (before vowels il-, class I first-person plural)
Inflection
class I | class II | class III | class N | imperative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+s | +C | +V | +C/i | +a/o | +C | +V | +C | +V | +C | +V | |||
first-person | singular | initial | -li | sa- | si- | a̱- | am- | ak- | n/a | ||||
medial | -sa- | -sam- | |||||||||||
paucal | ī- | il- | pi- | pi̱- | pim- | kī- | kil- | ||||||
plural | hapi- | hapi̱- | hapim- | ||||||||||
second-person | singular | is- | ish- | chi- | chi̱- | chim- | chik- | ∅ | |||||
plural | has- | hash- | hachi- | hachi̱- | hachim- | hachik- | ho- | oh- | |||||
third-person | ∅ | ∅ | i̱- | im- | ik- |
Curripaco
Prefix
i-
- second person plural agent marker
References
- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398
Esperanto
Etymology
The i vowel common to other correlatives, such as ki- and ti-, without the defining consonant.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Prefix
i-
- Any-, some-. (Indeterminate correlative prefix.)
Derived terms
- iu (“some individual, someone, somebody”)
- io (“some object, something”)
- ia (“some kind of”)
- ies (“belonging to some person, someone's”)
- iel (“some manner/degree, somehow”)
- ie (“some place, somewhere”)
- iam (“some time, sometime”)
- iom (“some quantity, some of”)
- ial (“for some reason”)
Italian
Etymology
Assimilated form of in-, before s- + consonant.
Pronunciation
Prefix
i-
- Alternative form of in-
Japhug
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Prefix
i-
- (Kamnyu) our (plural possessive)
Derived terms
See also
Japhug (Kamnyu) personal pronouns and possessive prefixes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Possessive prefixes | Free pronoun | Genitive | ||
Singular | 1st | a- | aʑo, aj | aʑɯɣ | ||
2nd | nɤ- | nɤʑo, nɤj | nɤʑɯɣ | |||
3rd | ɯ- | ɯʑo | ɯʑɤɣ | |||
Dual | 1st | tɕi- | tɕiʑo | tɕiʑɤɣ | ||
2nd | ndʑi- | ndʑiʑo | ndʑiʑɤɣ | |||
3rd | ʑɤni | ʑɤniɣɯ | ||||
Plural | 1st | i- | iʑo, iʑora, iʑɤra | iʑɤɣ, iʑɤra ɣɯ | ||
2nd | nɯ- | nɯʑo, nɯʑora, nɯʑɤra | nɯʑɤɣ, nɯʑɤra ɣɯ | |||
3rd | ʑara | ʑaraɣ, ʑara ɣɯ | ||||
Generic | tɯ- | tɯʑo |
Kambera
Pronoun
i-
- Alternative form of mi-
See also
Latin
Etymology
Assimilated form of in-, before gn-.
Prefix
i-
- Alternative form of in-
Malagasy
Prefix
i-
- prefix element of i- -ana
See also
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-.
Prefix
i-
- Alternative form of y-
Mohawk
Prefix
i-
- translocative, indicating motion away from the speaker
- epenthetic vowel added to certain verb forms
- Alternative form of ka- (before o- and on-stems)
References
- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 11
- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 105, 173
Northern Ndebele
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2
Contracted from earlier ili-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
i-
- Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
Etymology 4
Prefix
i-
- Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.
Old English
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *iz.
Pronunciation
Prefix
Ī-
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Prefix
I-
- Alternative form of ġe-
Phuthi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-n-.
Prefix
i-
- Class 9 noun prefix.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
Etymology 4
Prefix
i-
- Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.
Portuguese
Prefix
i-
- Alternative form of in-, used before l, m and n.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
Spanish
Prefix
i-
- Alternative form of in-, used before l.
Swahili
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Ajami | اِيْـ |
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́- and Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix
i-
- it, they; mi class(IV)/n class(IX) subject concord
- 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, , pages 243–249, stanza 12:
- هُيُوِ دُنِيَ اِيْنَ غُرُرِ ، دِيَ زَتَتَسِ هُزَدَمَيِْ،
- Huyui dunia ina ghururi? ndia za-tatasi huzandamaye?
- This world is deceitful, why follow its ways?
- verb-initial form of -i- (“it, them; mi class(IV)/n class(IX) object concord”)
See also
Class | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | |||
m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Swazi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔi/ [ʔɪ]
- Syllabification: i-
Prefix
i- (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)
- benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something (expresses various kinds of actions)
- object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing (expresses various kinds of actions)
- instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose (expresses various kinds of actions)
Derived terms
Further reading
- https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_1.html
- https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_2.html
Taos
Pronunciation
Prefix
i-
- (transitive) First person plural subject + third person singular object.
- (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
- (transitive) Third person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
- (transitive) Third person plural subject + third person singular object.
- (formative) Third person plural subject.
Ternate
Pronoun
i- (Jawi إ-)
- (non-human) third-person singular clitic, it
- (human) third-person plural clitic, they
- (masculine) third-person singular possessive prefix, his
- Synonym: ai-
See also
independent | subject proclitic | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Informal | Formal | |||||
1st person singular | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri | ||
2nd person singular | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | ||
3rd person singular | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | |||
1st person plural inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |||
1st person plural exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi, mia | ||
2nd person plural | ngoni | ni | na, nia | |||
3rd person plural | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
References
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tocharian A
Etymology
From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Compare Tocharian B i-.
Verb
i-
- to go
Tocharian B
Etymology
From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, whence also Tocharian A i-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Cognate with Latin eō and Polish iść, both of the same meaning. The preterite form of this term, mäs-, is from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”), and as such the term is suppletive in conjugation.
Verb
i-
- to go
Derived terms
Further reading
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “i-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 65-66
West Makian
Pronunciation
Pronoun
i-
Xhosa
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2
Prefix
i-
- Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix
i- (medial yi-)
Ye'kwana
ALIV | i- |
---|---|
Brazilian standard | i- |
New Tribes | i- |
Pronunciation
Prefix
i-
- (Caura River dialect) allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants
- (Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of dh- (third-person prefix) used for non-deictic stems that begin with a consonant
- forms part of the circumfix allomorphs of various adverbializers, i- -jai, i- -'da, and i- -emje, used for stems that begin with two consonants
Inflection
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Prefix
ì-
- abstract or instrument nominalizing prefix
Usage notes
Forms both abstract and concrete nouns:
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Prefix
i-
- non-gerundive nominalizing prefix
Derived terms
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix
í- (medial yí-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2
Contracted from earlier íli-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
î-
- Class 5 noun prefix.
Etymology 3
Prefix
í-
- Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.
Etymology 4
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix
í- (medial yí-)
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “i-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “i-”
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- Jamaican English
- English terms with quotations
- en:Apple Inc.
- en:Rastafari
- Choctaw terms with IPA pronunciation
- Choctaw lemmas
- Choctaw prefixes
- Curripaco lemmas
- Curripaco prefixes
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto prefixes
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian prefix forms
- Japhug terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japhug lemmas
- Japhug prefixes
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin prefix forms
- Malagasy non-lemma forms
- Malagasy circumfix forms
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English prefixes
- Mohawk lemmas
- Mohawk prefixes
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele prefixes
- Northern Ndebele subject concords
- Northern Ndebele noun prefixes
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English prefixes
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi prefixes
- Phuthi subject concords
- Phuthi noun prefixes
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese prefix forms
- Southern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele prefixes
- Southern Ndebele subject concords
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish prefix forms
- Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swahili terms with quotations
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi prefixes
- Swazi subject concords
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Taos terms with IPA pronunciation
- Taos lemmas
- Taos prefixes
- Taos transitive verbs
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate pronouns
- Ternate clitics
- Ternate possessive pronouns
- Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-
- Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A lemmas
- Tocharian A verbs
- Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian B terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-
- Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian B lemmas
- Tocharian B verbs
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian pronouns
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa subject concords
- Xhosa noun prefixes
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana prefixes
- Caura River Ye'kwana
- Cunucunuma River Ye'kwana
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba prefixes
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu subject concords
- Zulu noun prefixes