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Ă - Wikipedia

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Ă (upper case) or ă (lower case), usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian and Vietnamese orthographies. In Romanian, it is used to represent the mid-central unrounded vowel, while in Vietnamese it represents the short a sound. It is the second letter of the Romanian, Vietnamese, and the pre-1972 Malaysian alphabets, after A.

Ă/ă is also used in several languages for transliteration of the Bulgarian letter Ъ/ъ.^[1]

Romanian

The sound represented in Romanian by ă is a mid-central vowel /ə/, i.e. schwa.^[1]^[2] Unlike in English, Catalan and French but like in Indonesian (using e rather than ă), the vowel can be stressed.^[3] There are words in which it is the only vowel, such as măr /mər/ ("apple") or văd /vəd/ ("I see"). Additionally, some words that also contain other vowels can have the stress on ă like cărțile /ˈkərt͡sile/ ("the books") and odăi /oˈdəj/ ("rooms"). Another grapheme <a> with diacritic in Romanian is <â>.

Vietnamese

Ă is the 2nd letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents /ă/. Because Vietnamese is a tonal language this letter may have any one of the 5 tonal symbols above or below it (or even no accent at all, since the Vietnamese first tone is identified by the lack of accent marks, see also Vietnamese phonology): Ằ ằ, Ắ ắ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ặ ặ.^[4]

Malay

The sound represented in pre-1972 Malaysian orthography by ă is a vowel. It occurred in the final syllable of the root word such as lamă /lamə/ ("long", "old"), mată /matə/ ("eye"), and sană /sanə/ ("there"). The letter was replaced in 1972 with a in the New Rumi Spelling.

Balinese

Ă or ă are used in Balinese romanization, e.g. Kabupatén Tăbăṅan (Tabanan Regency ).

Pronunciation respelling for English

In some systems for Pronunciation respelling for English including American Heritage Dictionary notation, ă represents the short A sound, /æ/.

Character mappings

Character information
Preview	ă		Ă
Unicode name	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE		LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	259	U+0103	258	U+0102
UTF-8	196 131	C4 83	196 130	C4 82
Numeric character reference	ă	ă	Ă	Ă
Named character reference	&abreve;		&Abreve;
ISO 8859-2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16	259	103	258	102

References

^ ^a ^b Dafinoiu, Cristina (2015). "Considerations upon Romanian-Albanian Linguistics Reports in Phonetics and Phonology". Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa. Seria Filologie. XXVI (1): 60–66. ISSN 1223-7248. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
^ Sala, Marius (2010). "Romanian". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 88 (3): 841–872. doi:10.3406/rbph.2010.7806. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
^ Recasens, Daniel (July 2019). "Stressed /e/ Centralization into Schwa and Related Mid Vowel Developments in Catalan and Elsewhere in the Romania". Transactions of the Philological Society. 117 (2): 294–316. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.12159. ISSN 0079-1636.
^ "Modified Letters | Vietnamese Typography". vietnamesetypography.com. Retrieved 2024-02-02.

Latin script

Alphabets (list)

Classical Latin alphabet
ISO basic Latin alphabet
Phonetic alphabets
- International Phonetic Alphabet
- X-SAMPA
Spelling alphabet

Letters (list)

Letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
Letter A with diacritics
Áá	Àà	Ăă	Ắắ	Ằằ	Ẵẵ	Ẳẳ	Ââ	Ấấ	Ầầ	Ẫẫ	Ẩẩ	Ǎǎ	Åå	Ǻǻ	Ää	Ǟǟ	Ãã	Ȧȧ	Ǡǡ	Ąą	Ą́ą́	Ą̃ą̃	Āā	Ā̀ā̀	Ảả
Ȁȁ	A̋a̋	Ȃȃ	Ạạ	Ặặ	Ậậ	Ḁḁ	Ⱥⱥ	Ꞻꞻ	ᶏ	ẚ
Letters using breve sign ( ◌̆, ◌̮ )
Ăă	Æ̆æ̆	C̆c̆	Ç̆ç̆	Ĕĕ	Ḝḝ	Ɛ̆ɛ̆	Ğğ	Ḫḫ	Ĭ ĭ	K̆k̆	M̆m̆	N̆n̆	Ŏŏ	Ɔ̆ɔ̆	Ø̆ø̆	Œ̆œ̆	P̆p̆	Q̆q̆	R̆r̆	S̆s̆	T̆t̆	Ŭŭ	V̆v̆	W̆w̆	X̆x̆
Y̆y̆	Z̆z̆	Ž̆ž̆	Ʒ̆ʒ̆

Multigraphs

Digraphs	Ch Dz Dž Gh IJ Lj Ll Ly Nh Nj Ny Sh Sz Th
Trigraphs	dzs eau
Tetragraphs	ough
Pentagraphs	tzsch

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