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Hydrazide - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Acylhydrazine)

Hydrazides in organic chemistry are a class of organic compounds with the formula R−NR¹−NR²R³ where R is acyl (R'−C(=O)−), sulfonyl (R'−S(=O)₂−), phosphoryl ((R'−)₂P(=O)−), phosphonyl ((R'−O−)₂P(=O)−) and similar groups (chalcogen analogs are included, for example sulfur analogs called thiohydrazides),^[1] R¹, R², R³ and R' are any groups (typically hydrogen or organyl).^[2] Unlike hydrazine and alkylhydrazines, hydrazides are nonbasic owing to the inductive influence of the acyl, sulfonyl, or phosphoryl substituent.

Sulfonyl hydrazides

A common sulfonyl hydrazide is p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, a white air-stable solid. They are also widely used as organic reagents.

Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide is used to generate toluenesulfonyl hydrazones. When derived from ketones, these hydrazones participate in the Shapiro reaction^[3] and the Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragmentation.^[4]^[5]

2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide is a useful source of diimide.^[6]

Acyl hydrazides

An example of an acylhydrazine. This compound has been called acetylhydrazide, acetohydrazide, or acetic acid hydrazide.^[7]

Acylhydrazines are derivatives of carboxylic acids, although they are typically prepared by the reaction of esters with hydrazine:^[8]

Use

An applied example is a synthesis of sunitinib begins by mixing 5-fluoroisatin slowly into hydrazine hydrate.^[9] After 4 hours at 110 °C, the indole ring structure has been broken into (2-amino-5-fluoro-phenyl)-acetic acid hydrazide with reduction of the ketone at the 3-position. Subsequent annelation in strong acid creates the 1,3-dihydro-2-oxo indole structure required for the drug.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hydrazides.

^ "Search". chem-space.com. Retrieved 24 May 2023. (subscription required)
^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Hydrazides". doi:10.1351/goldbook.H02879
^ Shapiro, Robert H. (1976). "Alkenes from Tosylhydrazones". Org. React. 23 (3): 405–507. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or023.03. ISBN 0471264180.
^ Schreiber, J.; Felix, D.; Eschenmoser, A.; Winter, M.; Gautschi, F.; Schulte-Elte, K. H.; Sundt, E.; Ohloff, G.; Kalovoda, J.; Kaufmann, H.; Wieland, P.; Anner, G. (1967). "Die Synthese von Acetylen-carbonyl-Verbindungen durch Fragmentierung von α-β-Epoxy-ketonen mit p-Toluolsulfonylhydrazin. Vorläufige Mitteilung". Helv. Chim. Acta (in German). 50 (7): 2101–2108. doi:10.1002/hlca.19670500747.
^ Tanabe, Masato; Crowe, David F.; Dehn, Robert L. (1967). "A novel fragmentation reaction of α,β-epoxyketones the synthesis of acetylenic ketones". Tetrahedron Lett. 8 (40): 3943–3946. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)89757-4.
^ Chamberlin, A. Richard; Sheppeck, James E.; Somoza, Alvaro (2008). "2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rt259.pub2. ISBN 978-0471936237.
^ "ChemicalBook:2-(4-ethylphenoxy)acetylhydrazide". Retrieved 24 May 2023.
^ Schirmann, Jean-Pierre; Bourdauducq, Paul (2001). "Hydrazine". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_177. ISBN 3527306730.
^ "US patent 6573293". Archived from the original on 2012-09-06.

Hydrazines

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Sulfonyl hydrazides

Acyl hydrazides

Use

See also

References