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Bailiwick - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A bailiwick (/ˈbeɪlɪwɪk/)^[1] is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ.

In English, the original French bailie combined with -wic, the Anglo-Saxon suffix (meaning a village) to produce a term meaning literally 'bailiff's village'—the original geographic scope of a bailiwick. In the 19th century, it was absorbed into American English as a metaphor for a sphere of knowledge or activity.

The term can also be used colloquially to mean 'one's area of expertise'

The term survives in administrative usage in the British Crown Dependencies of the Channel Islands, which are grouped for administrative purposes into two bailiwicks – the Bailiwick of Jersey (comprising the island of Jersey and uninhabited islets such as the Minquiers and Écréhous) and the Bailiwick of Guernsey (comprising the islands of Guernsey, Sark, Alderney, Brecqhou, Herm, Jethou and Lihou). A Bailiff heads each Channel Island bailiwick.

A bailiwick (German: Ballei) was also the territorial division of the Teutonic Order. Here, various Komtur(en) formed a Ballei province.

Origin

The term originated in France (bailie being the Old French term for a bailiff). Under the ancien régime in France, the bailli was the king's representative in a bailliage, charged with the application of justice and control of the administration. In southern France, the term generally used was sénéchal (cf seneschal) who held office in the sénéchaussée. The administrative network of baillages was established in the 13th century, based on the earlier medieval fiscal and tax divisions (the 'baillie') which had been used by earlier sovereign princes.^[2] (For more on this French judicial system, see bailli, prévôt and Early Modern France.)

Bailiwick of Bicester Market End

At Bicester in Oxfordshire, the Lord of the Manor of Market End was the Earl of Derby who, in 1597, sold a 9,999-year lease to 31 principal tenants. This in effect gave the manorial rights to the leaseholders, ‘purchased for the benefit of those inhabitants or others who might hereafter obtain parts of the demesne’. The leaseholders elected a bailiff to receive the profits from the bailiwick, mainly from the administration of the market and distribute them to the shareholders. From the bailiff's title, the arrangement became known as the Bailiwick of Bicester Market End. By 1752 all of the original leases were in the hands of ten men, who leased the bailiwick control of the market to two local tradesmen.^[3]

List of Bailiwicks

References

^ "Definition of Bailiwick". Lexico.com. Oxford University Press. 2020. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
^ Schneider, Zoë A.. The King's Bench: Bailiwick Magistrates and Local Governance in Normandy, 1670-1740. United Kingdom, University of Rochester Press, 2008.
^ "The market town of Bicester." A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 6. Ed. Mary D Lobel. London: Victoria County History, 1959. 14-56. British History Online. Web. 23 June 2022. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol6/pp14-56.

External links

The dictionary definition of bailiwick at Wiktionary

Designations for types of administrative division

English terms

Common English terms

Area	Insular area Local government area Special area Unincorporated area Unorganized area
Borough	County borough Metropolitan borough
Canton	Half-canton
Capital	Federal capital Imperial capital
City	Autonomous city Charter city Independent city Incorporated city Imperial city Free imperial city Royal free city
Community	Autonomous community Residential community
County	Administrative county Autonomous county Consolidated city-county County seat County town Metropolitan county Non-metropolitan county Regional county municipality Viscounty
Country	Overseas country
Department	Overseas department
District	Capital district City district Congressional district Electoral district Federal district Indian government district Land district Local government district Metropolitan district Non-metropolitan district Military district Municipal district Police district Regional district Rural district Sanitary district Service district Educational service district Local service district School district Intermediate school district Special district in the US Urban district
Division	Census division Police division Subdivision of India
Indian reserve/reservation	Indian reservation (United States) Indian reserve (Canada)
Municipality	City municipality County municipality Direct-controlled municipality District municipality Neutral municipality Regional municipality Resort municipality Mountain resort municipality Rural municipality Specialized municipality
Prefecture	Autonomous prefecture Subprefecture Super-prefecture Praetorian prefecture
Province	Autonomous province Overseas province Roman province
Region	Administrative region Special administrative region Autonomous region Capital region National capital region Development region Mesoregion Microregion Overseas region Subregion
State	Proto-state City-state Federal state Free state Sovereign state
Territory	Capital territory Federal capital territory National capital territory Dependent territory Federal territory Incorporated territory Organized incorporated territory Overseas territory Union territory
Town	Census town Market town
Township	Charter township Civil township Paper township Survey township Urban township
Unit	Regional unit Territorial unit Autonomous territorial unit
Zone	Economic zone Exclusive economic zone Free economic zone Special economic zone Exclusion zone Military exclusion zone Free speech zone Neutral zone Self-administered zone Trade zone Free-trade zone

Other English terms

Current

Historical

Non-English terms or loanwords

Current

Amt
Apskritis
Bakhsh
Barangay
Bashki
Bezirk
Regierungsbezirk
Comarca
Comune
Frazione
Freguesia
Fu
Gemeinde
- Austria
- Germany
- South Tyrol
- Switzerland
Gemeente
Gmina
Hromada
Județ
Kampong
Kommun/Kunta
- Finland
- Sweden
Län (Sweden)
Landskap
- Finland
Località
Maakunta
Megye
Muban
Mukim
Njësi administrative
Oblast
- Autonomous
Okrug
Ostān
Poblacion
Purok
Qark
Raion
Savivaldybė
Selsoviet
Sitio
Seniūnija
Shahrestān
Sum
- China
Sýsla
Tehsil
Townlet
Vingtaine

Historical

Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in italics.

See also: Autonomous administration; Census division; Electoral district; List of administrative divisions by country; Slavic administrative divisions

Phaleristics

Auxiliary science of history and numismatics about orders, decorations, and medals

Distinctions
(Lists)

By conferee

Founts of honour*	States and their national/public/official authorities Dynasties heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families
Private	Ecclesiastical Organisations Commercial (Self-styled order)

By type

Orders

Titles
(Styles,
Post-nominal)

By function	Grand master Chancellor Treasurer Assessor Bailiff Prior Chaplain Master of ceremonies

Obedience

Society	Peace Intellectual freedom Human rights Law Humanitarianism Politics Volunteer
Culture	Architecture Art Film History Literature Music Philosophy Poetry Theatre

By insignia
(Named after
people)

For wearing
(decorations)

Formal	Collar Grand Cross/Grand Cordon with sash Medal Necklet Medal bar Medal ribbon
Other	Rosette Award pin Lapel pin Collar pin Tie pin Badge Heraldic Pilgrim Epaulette Ribbon Ring Button Campaign Service Shoulder mark