Balanerodus

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Balanerodus Temporal range: Mid Miocene (Friasian-Laventan) ~16.3–11.8 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauromorpha
Clade:	Archosauriformes
Order:	Crocodilia
Family:	Alligatoridae
Genus:	†Balanerodus Langston, 1965
Type species
†Balanerodus logimus Langston, 1965

Balanerodus is an extinct monospecific genus of alligatorid crocodylian.^[1] Fossils have been found from the Fitzcarrald Arch in the Peruvian Amazon and the La Victoria Formation of the Honda Group in Colombia and date back to the Friasian and Laventan regional South American land mammal ages of the Middle Miocene.^[2]^[3]

Description

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It was an atypical crocodilian with mysterious acorn-like teeth and co-existed with many other crocodilians, which were more diverse at the time period than they are today, including terrestrial predatory sebecid Langstonia, the massive Purussaurus, and flat headed duck-like Mourasuchus. Its teeth and the diversity of crocodilians suggest it occupied a different niche than they did.^[4] Another animal with acorn-like teeth is the Vaquita.^[5]

A 2015 study found teeth indistinguishable from those of Balanerodus among a set of Purussaurus teeth, suggesting that the two genera might be synonymous.^[6]

References

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^ Carroll, R.L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN 0-7167-1822-7
^ Balanerodus at Fossilworks.org
^ Salas-Gismondi, R.; et al. (2007), "Middle Miocene Crocodiles From the Fitzcarrald Arch, Amazonian Peru" (PDF), in Díaz-Martínez, E.; Rábano, I. (eds.), 4th European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, pp. 355–360, ISBN 978-84-7840-707-1
^ Croft, Darin. Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys. pp. 93–94.
^ "Vaquitas". MarineBio Conservation Society. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
^ Salas-Gismondi, R.; Flynn, J. J.; Baby, P.; Tejada-Lara, J. V.; Wesselingh, F. P.; Antoine, P. O. (2015), "A Miocene hyperdiverse crocodylian community reveals peculiar trophic dynamics in proto-Amazonian mega-wetlands", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282 (1804): 20142490, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2490, PMC 4375856, PMID 25716785

Extinct crocodilians

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Eusuchia

Pseudosuchia

- see Pseudosuchia

Neosuchia

see Neosuchia
Crocodilia	see below↓

Basal crocodilians

Mekosuchinae	Australosuchus? Baru Harpacochampsa? Kalthifrons Kambara Mekosuchus Paludirex Quinkana? Trilophosuchus Ultrastenos Volia
Others	Albertosuchus Arenysuchus? Asiatosuchus Borealosuchus? Brachyuranochampsa Charactosuchus "Crocodylus" acer "Crocodylus" affinis Portugalosuchus? Pristichampsus? Prodiplocynodon Planocraniidae?

Alligatoroidea

Globidonta

Albertochampsa Arambourgia Brachychampsa Ceratosuchus Deinosuchus? Eocaiman Hassiacosuchus Leidyosuchus? Navajosuchus Procaimanoidea? Stangerochampsa
Orientalosuchina	Dongnanosuchus Eoalligator Eurycephalosuchus Jiangxisuchus Krabisuchus Orientalosuchus Protoalligator

Alligatoridae

Alligatorinae

Akanthosuchus? Allognathosuchus Arambourgia? Ceratosuchus? Chrysochampsa Hassiacosuchus? Navajosuchus? Procaimanoidea? Wannaganosuchus?
Alligator	A. hailensis A. mcgrewi A. mefferdi A. munensis A. olseni A. prenasalis A. thomsoni

Caimaninae

Acresuchus Bottosaurus Brachychampsa? Centenariosuchus Ceratosuchus? Chinatichampsus Culebrasuchus Eocaiman? Globidentosuchus Gnatusuchus Kuttanacaiman Mourasuchus Necrosuchus Orthogenysuchus Paranacaiman Paranasuchus Protocaiman Purussaurus Stangerochampsa? Tsoabichi Wannaganosuchus?
Melanosuchus	M. fisheri M. latrubessei
Caiman	C. australis C. brevirostris C. gasparinae C. venezuelensis C. wannlangstoni

"Crocodylus" megarhinus? Kinyang? Quinkana? Tzaganosuchus? Voay
Crocodylus	C. anthropophagus C. checchiai C. falconensis C. palaeindicus C. thorbjarnarsoni

Gavialoidea

Gavialidae

Sacacosuchus

Tomistominae
sensu stricto

Brasilosuchus? Gavialosuchus? Melitosaurus Paratomistoma? Thecachampsa?
Tomistoma	T. calaritanum? T. gaudense? T. lusitanicum? T. taiwanicum?

Gavialinae
sensu lato

Aktiogavialis Dadagavialis Gavialosuchus? Gryposuchus Hanyusuchus Harpacochampsa? Hesperogavialis Ikanogavialis Maomingosuchus? Paratomistoma? Penghusuchus Piscogavialis Rhamphosuchus Siquisiquesuchus Sutekhsuchus "Tomistoma" cairense? "Tomistoma" coppensi Toyotamaphimeia
Gavialis	G. bengawanicus G. breviceps? G. browni? G. curvirostris? G. leptodus? G. lewisi? G. pachyrhynchus? G. papuensis?

See also: Brevirostres
Gryposuchinae

Paleontology in Colombia

Notable
researchers

After 1900	Etayo Hammen Hettner Hoffstetter Páramo
19th century	Cuvier Humboldt

Major
fossiliferous
stratigraphic units

Pleistocene	Sabana Fm. Tibitó Soatá Fm.
Neogene	Barzalosa Fm. Castilletes Fm. Honda Group La Venta Jimol Fm. Uitpa Fm. Ware Fm.
Paleogene	Bogotá Fm. Cerrejón Fm. Cerrejón
Cretaceous	La Frontera Fm. Hiló Fm. Hondita Fm. Oliní Gp. Paja Fm.
Jurassic	Arcabuco Fm. Valle Alto Fm.
Devonian	Cuche Fm. Floresta Fm.

Notable fossils

Pleistocene	Gomphotheres Megatherium
Honda Gp.	Anachlysictis Aramus paludigrus Balanerodus Boreostemma Cebupithecia Colombophis Dracaena colombiana Dukecynus Eunectes stirtoni Galbula hylochoreutes Granastrapotherium Gryposuchus Hilarcotherium Hoazinoides Hondadelphys Huilatherium Lagonimico Langstonia Lycopsis Micodon Miocallicebus Miocochilius Mohanamico Mourasuchus Neotamandua Nuciruptor Patasola Potamosiren Purussaurus Saimiri annectens Saimiri fieldsi Stirtonia Xenastrapotherium
Gualanday Gp.	Colombitherium
Bogotá Fm.	Etayoa
Cerrejón Fm.	Acherontisuchus Anthracosuchus Carbonemys Cerrejonemys Cerrejonisuchus Montrichardia aquatica Puentemys Titanoboa
Oliní Gp.	Eonatator
Hondita Fm.	Pachyrhizodus etayoi Yaguarasaurus
Hiló Fm.	Ammonites
Paja Fm.	Acostasaurus Callawayasaurus Desmatochelys Kronosaurus Leivanectes Leyvachelys Muiscasaurus Padillasaurus Platypterygius Sachicasaurus Stenorhynchosaurus
Arcabuco Fm.	Dinosaur tracks
Valle Alto Fm.	Flora
Cuche Fm.	Antarctilamna Asterolepis Bothriolepis Holoptychius Pterygotus Strepsodus
Floresta Fm.	Trilobites

Category • Images

Taxon identifiers
Balanerodus	Wikidata: Q4850025 EoL: 4472807 GBIF: 4822096 IRMNG: 1233362 Open Tree of Life: 4947964 Paleobiology Database: 38425
Balanerodus logimus	Wikidata: Q20717113 EoL: 47043979 Paleobiology Database: 266431

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