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Bathochordaeus - Wikipedia

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Bathochordaeus

Bathochordaeus charon (A to C) and B. stygius (E to F)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Tunicata
Class:	Appendicularia
Order:	Copelata
Family:	Oikopleuridae
Subfamily:	Bathochordaeinae
Genus:	Bathochordaeus Chun, 1900^[1]
Species
Bathochordaeus charon Chun, 1900 Bathochordaeus mcnutti Sherlock, Walz, Schlining & Robison, 2017 Bathochordaeus stygius Garstang, 1937

Bathochordaeus, the giant larvaceans, is a genus of larvacean tunicates in the family Oikopleuridae. They are free-swimming filter-feeding marine animals that build mucus bubbles. They eat tiny particles of dead or drifting organic material that float through the water column, which contribute to the oceanic carbon cycle and the accelerated transfer of carbon to the deep sea.^[2]

Description

They are much larger than other genera of larvaceans, ranging from 3 to 10 centimeters in total length, with houses reaching more than 1 meter in diameter.^[3]

Distribution

Giant larvaceans are widespread through the planet's oceans, being found in the North and South Pacific Ocean, the North and South Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. Three species have been described, Bathochordaeus charon, B. mcnutti and B. stygius, all of them found in Monterey Bay.^[3]

References

^ Chun C. Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres. Jena: Gustav Fischer; 1900. pages 519–521
^ Sherlock, R. E.; Walz, K. R.; Robison, B. H. (2016-08-30). "The first definitive record of the giant larvacean, Bathochordaeus charon, since its original description in 1900 and a range extension to the northeast Pacific Ocean". Marine Biodiversity Records. 9 (1): 79. Bibcode:2016MBdR....9...79S. doi:10.1186/s41200-016-0075-9. ISSN 1755-2672.
^ ^a ^b Katija, Kakani; Sherlock, Rob E.; Sherman, Alana D.; Robison, Bruce H. (16 Aug 2017). "New technology reveals the role of giant larvaceans in oceanic carbon cycling". Science Advances. 3 (8). Bibcode:2017SciA....3E2374K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602374. PMC 5415331. PMID 28508058. S2CID 23179771.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bathochordaeus.

Wikispecies has information related to Bathochordaeus.

Bathochordaeus at WoRMS
Youtube video of living animal
van der Land, J. (2001). Appendicularia, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 356
Fenaux, R., Q. Bone, and D. Deibel. 1998. Appendicularian distribution and zoogeography, p. 251-264. In q. Bone [ed.], The biology of pelagic tunicates. Oxford University Press
Sherlock, R.E., Walz, K.R., Schlining, K.L. et al.: Morphology, ecology, and molecular biology of a new species of giant larvacean in the eastern North Pacific: Bathochordaeus mcnutti sp. nov.; in: Mar Biol 164, 20 (2017); doi:10.1007/s00227-016-3046-0

Tunicate genera

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Olfactores

Tunicata

Appendicularia
(Larvacea)

Kowalevskia
Fritillariidae	Appendicularia Fritillaria Tectillaria
Oikopleuridae	Althoffia Bathochordaeus Chunopleura Folia Megalocercus Mesochordaeus Mesoikopleura Oikopleura Pelagopleura Sinisteroffia Stegosoma

Stolidobranchia
(Pleurogona)¹

Molgulidae	Anomopera Asajirus Bostrichobranchus Eugyra Fungulus Gamaster Minipera Molgula Molguloides Namiella Oligotrema Paramolgula Pareugyrioides Protomolgula Rhizomolgula
Pyuridae	Bathypera Bathypyura Boltenia Bolteniopsis Claudenus Cratostigma Ctenyura Culeolus Halocynthia Hartmeyeria Hemistyela Herdmania Heterostigma Microcosmus Paraculeolus Pyura
Styelidae	Alloeocarpa Amphicarpa Arnbackia Asterocarpa Bathyoncus Bathystyeloides Berillia Botryllocarpa Botrylloides Botryllus Chorizocarpa Cnemidocarpa Dendrodoa Dextrocarpa Dicarpa Distomus Eusynstyela Gynandrocarpa Kukenthalia Metandrocarpa Monandrocarpa Oculinaria Oligocarpa Pelonaia Podostyela Polyandrocarpa Polycarpa Polyzoa Protostyela Psammostyela Seriocarpa Stolonica Styela Symplegma Syncarpa Theodorella Tibitin

Doliopsoides Paradoliopsis Pseudusa
Doliopsidae	Doliolula Doliopsis
Doliolidae	Dolioletta Doliolina Dolioloides Doliolum

Enterogona¹

- see below↓

Enterogona

Aplousobranchia

Euherdmania Placentela Stomozoa Vitrum
Clavelinidae	Clavelina Euclavella Nephtheis Pycnoclavella
Diazonidae	Diazona Pseudodiazona Pseudorhopalaea Rhopalaea Tylobranchion
Didemnidae	Atriolum Clitella Coelocormus Didemnum Diplosoma Leptoclinides Lissoclinum Polysyncraton Trididemnum
Holozoidae	Distaplia Hypodistoma Hypsistozoa Neodistoma Polydistoma Protoholozoa Pseudoplacentela Scotiazoa Sigillina Sycozoa
Polycitoridae	Archidistoma Brevicollus Cystodytes Eucoelium Eudistoma "Exostoma" Millarus Polycitor Polycitorella Rhombifera Salix
Polyclinidae	Aplidiopsis Aplidium Morchellioides Morchellium Neodictyon Polyclinella Polyclinum Sidneioides Synoicum
Protopolyclinidae	Condominium Monniotus Protopolyclinum
Pseudodistomidae	Anadistoma Citorclinum Pseudodistoma
Ritterellidae	Dumus Pharyngodictyon Ritterella

Phlebobranchia

Dimeatus Hypobythius
Agneziidae	Adagnesia Agnezia Caenagnesia Proagnesia Pterygascidia
Ascidiidae	Ascidia Ascidiella Fimbrora Phallusia Psammascidia
Cionidae	Araneum Ciona Tantillulum
Corellidae	Abyssascidia Chelyosoma Clatripes Corella Corelloides Corellopsis Corynascidia Dextrogaster Mysterascidia Rhodosoma Xenobranchion
Octacnemidae	Benthascidia Cibacapsa Cryptia Dicopia Kaikoja Megalodicopia Myopegma Octacnemus Polyoctacnemus Situla
Perophoridae	Ecteinascidia Perophora
Plurellidae	Microgastra Plurella

Tunicate-like fossils

Ediacaran

Cambrian

Later

Palaeoquadrum Quadrifolium Toscanisoma
Khmeriamorpha	Khmeria Zardinisoma

Ichnotaxa

Catellocaula

¹Part of the paraphyletic class Ascidiacea
Category
Commons

Taxon identifiers
Bathochordaeus	Wikidata: Q27977327 Wikispecies: Bathochordaeus AFD: Bathochordaeus CoL: 7NSP6 GBIF: 4356845 iNaturalist: 554898 IRMNG: 1097707 NCBI: 1881883 Open Tree of Life: 3644373 WoRMS: 103362

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