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Rhopalaea

A common, but undescribed Rhopalaea species in the Philippines
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Tunicata
Class:	Ascidiacea
Order:	Aplousobranchia
Family:	Diazonidae
Genus:	Rhopalaea Philippi, 1843^[1]
Species
21 species (see text)
Synonyms^[2]
Rhopalona Roule, 1886 (unnecessary nomen novum for Rhopalaea) Rhopalopsis Herdman, 1890

Rhopalaea is a genus of tunicates belonging to the family Diazonidae.^[2]^[3] The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in warm and temperate oceans.^[3]

Species

The genus Rhopalaea has 21 recognized species:^[2]

Rhopalaea abdominalis (Sluiter, 1898)
Rhopalaea bilobata Mondal J., Raghunathan & Mondal T., 2017
Rhopalaea birkelandi Tokioka, 1971
Rhopalaea circula Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Rhopalaea cloneyi Vazquez & Young, 1996
Rhopalaea crassa (Herdman, 1880)
Rhopalaea defecta (Sluiter, 1904)
Rhopalaea desme Monniot F., 2003
Rhopalaea flemingi (Herdman, 1880)
Rhopalaea fusca (Herdman, 1880)
Rhopalaea hartmeyeri (Salfi, 1927)
Rhopalaea idoneta Shenkar, 2013
Rhopalaea macrothorax Tokioka, 1953
Rhopalaea meridionalis Kott, 2006
Rhopalaea neapolitana Philippi, 1843^[1]
Rhopalaea orientalis (Pérès, 1958)
Rhopalaea perlucida Monniot C., 1997
Rhopalaea piru Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
Rhopalaea respiciens Monniot C., 1991
Rhopalaea sagamiana Oka, 1927
Rhopalaea tenuis (Sluiter, 1904)

References

^ ^a ^b Philippi, R. A. (1843). "Rhopalaea ein neues Genus der einfachen Ascidien". Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenschaftliche Medicin. 1843: 45–57.
^ ^a ^b ^c Shenkar N, Gittenberger A, Lambert G, Rius M, Moreira Da Rocha R, Swalla BJ, Turon X, eds. (2022). "Rhopalaea Philippi, 1843". Ascidiacea World Database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Rhopalaea Philippi, 1843". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 27 January 2022.

Tunicate genera

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Olfactores

Tunicata

Appendicularia
(Larvacea)

Kowalevskia
Fritillariidae	Appendicularia Fritillaria Tectillaria
Oikopleuridae	Althoffia Bathochordaeus Chunopleura Folia Megalocercus Mesochordaeus Mesoikopleura Oikopleura Pelagopleura Sinisteroffia Stegosoma

Stolidobranchia
(Pleurogona)¹

Molgulidae	Anomopera Asajirus Bostrichobranchus Eugyra Fungulus Gamaster Minipera Molgula Molguloides Namiella Oligotrema Paramolgula Pareugyrioides Protomolgula Rhizomolgula
Pyuridae	Bathypera Bathypyura Boltenia Bolteniopsis Claudenus Cratostigma Ctenyura Culeolus Halocynthia Hartmeyeria Hemistyela Herdmania Heterostigma Microcosmus Paraculeolus Pyura
Styelidae	Alloeocarpa Amphicarpa Arnbackia Asterocarpa Bathyoncus Bathystyeloides Berillia Botryllocarpa Botrylloides Botryllus Chorizocarpa Cnemidocarpa Dendrodoa Dextrocarpa Dicarpa Distomus Eusynstyela Gynandrocarpa Kukenthalia Metandrocarpa Monandrocarpa Oculinaria Oligocarpa Pelonaia Podostyela Polyandrocarpa Polycarpa Polyzoa Protostyela Psammostyela Seriocarpa Stolonica Styela Symplegma Syncarpa Theodorella Tibitin

Doliopsoides Paradoliopsis Pseudusa
Doliopsidae	Doliolula Doliopsis
Doliolidae	Dolioletta Doliolina Dolioloides Doliolum

Enterogona¹

- see below↓

Enterogona

Aplousobranchia

Euherdmania Placentela Stomozoa Vitrum
Clavelinidae	Clavelina Euclavella Nephtheis Pycnoclavella
Diazonidae	Diazona Pseudodiazona Pseudorhopalaea Rhopalaea Tylobranchion
Didemnidae	Atriolum Clitella Coelocormus Didemnum Diplosoma Leptoclinides Lissoclinum Polysyncraton Trididemnum
Holozoidae	Distaplia Hypodistoma Hypsistozoa Neodistoma Polydistoma Protoholozoa Pseudoplacentela Scotiazoa Sigillina Sycozoa
Polycitoridae	Archidistoma Brevicollus Cystodytes Eucoelium Eudistoma "Exostoma" Millarus Polycitor Polycitorella Rhombifera Salix
Polyclinidae	Aplidiopsis Aplidium Morchellioides Morchellium Neodictyon Polyclinella Polyclinum Sidneioides Synoicum
Protopolyclinidae	Condominium Monniotus Protopolyclinum
Pseudodistomidae	Anadistoma Citorclinum Pseudodistoma
Ritterellidae	Dumus Pharyngodictyon Ritterella

Phlebobranchia

Dimeatus Hypobythius
Agneziidae	Adagnesia Agnezia Caenagnesia Proagnesia Pterygascidia
Ascidiidae	Ascidia Ascidiella Fimbrora Phallusia Psammascidia
Cionidae	Araneum Ciona Tantillulum
Corellidae	Abyssascidia Chelyosoma Clatripes Corella Corelloides Corellopsis Corynascidia Dextrogaster Mysterascidia Rhodosoma Xenobranchion
Octacnemidae	Benthascidia Cibacapsa Cryptia Dicopia Kaikoja Megalodicopia Myopegma Octacnemus Polyoctacnemus Situla
Perophoridae	Ecteinascidia Perophora
Plurellidae	Microgastra Plurella

Tunicate-like fossils

Ediacaran

Cambrian

Later

Palaeoquadrum Quadrifolium Toscanisoma
Khmeriamorpha	Khmeria Zardinisoma

Ichnotaxa

Catellocaula

¹Part of the paraphyletic class Ascidiacea
Category
Commons

Taxon identifiers
Rhopalaea	Wikidata: Q4919846 Wikispecies: Rhopalaea AFD: Rhopalaea BOLD: 714194 CoL: 7PXNG GBIF: 2330617 iNaturalist: 338496 IRMNG: 1305626 ITIS: 159126 NCBI: 641103 Open Tree of Life: 3646122 WoRMS: 103491

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