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  2. World Encyclopedia
  3. Duru languages - Wikipedia
Duru languages - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Duru
Geographic
distribution		northern Cameroon, eastern Nigeria
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
Subdivisions
  • Duli
  • Dii
  • Voko–Dowayo
Language codes
Glottologsamb1323

The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G4" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.

Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and Central Gur languages.[1]

Languages

However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.[2]

Classification

In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also Leko languages).[3]

Samba-Duru
  • Vere (Verre)[4]
    • Jango (Mom Jango)[5]
    • Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam)
    • Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
    • Nissim-Eilim
    • Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
    • Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
    • Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
    • Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
  • Gəmme (Gimme) (Koma)[6]
    • Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime
    • Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime
  • Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ):[7] Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains)
  • Duru
    • Dii cluster
    • Dugun (Paape, Sa)
    • Duupa (Paape)
    • Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Pɛrɛ (Potopo)
    • Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko)
  • Samba (Samba Leeko, Leko)

Names and locations

Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[9]

Language Cluster Dialects Alternate spellings Own name for language Other names (location-based) Other names for language Speakers Location(s)
Mom Jango Mom Jango Vere (see also Momĩ, Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) 20,000 total (including Momĩ, 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) Adamawa State, Fufore LGA
Momi Ziri Vere (this also includes Mom Jango, q.v.), Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) 20,000 total (including Mom Jango), 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) Adamawa State, Yola and Fufore LGAs; and in Cameroon
Koma cluster Koma The correspondences between the Cameroonian and Nigerian names are uncertain Kuma, Koma (a Fulfulde cover term for Gomme, Gomnome, Ndera; ALCAM treats them as separate though closely related languages) 3,000 (1982 SIL); majority in Cameroon Adamawa State, Ganye and Fufore LGAs, in the Alantika Mountains; also in Cameroon
Gomme Koma Gәmme Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe
Gomnome Koma Gọmnọme Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo
Ndera Koma Vomni, Doome, Doobe

Footnotes

  1. ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2012). Correlations of the Noun Class Systems of Central Adamawa and Proto Central Gur.
  2. ^ Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9. S2CID 133888593.
  3. ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. Samba-Duru group. Adamawa Languages Project.
  4. ^ "VERE Language Group" (PDF). blogs.uni-mainz.de. 2015. Retrieved 27 Oct 2025.
  5. ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Notes on Jango (Mom Jango).
  6. ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Gimme-Vere and Doyayo: Comparative Wordlists.
  7. ^ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Doyayo.
  8. ^ Littig, Sabine (2017). Kolbila: Geography and history.
  9. ^ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.

References

 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.

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