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Floriano Peixoto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2nd President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 23 November 1891 – 15 November 1894 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Deodoro da Fonseca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Prudente de Morais | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President | Deodoro da Fonseca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Office established | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Manuel Vitorino | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born | Floriano Vieira Peixoto 30 April 1839 Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Died | 29 June 1895 Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | (aged 56)||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political party | Independent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parents |
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Alma mater | Military School of Praia Vermelha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Signature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nickname | "The Iron Marshal" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Military service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allegiance | Empire of Brazil First Brazilian Republic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Branch/service | Imperial Brazilian Army Brazilian Army | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years of service | 1857-1884 1885-1891 1894-1895 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rank | Marshal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commands |
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Battles/wars | Federalist Revolution Brazilian Naval Revolt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Brazilian Portuguese: [floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu]; 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895) was a Brazilian military and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War and several other conflicts, and the second president of Brazil.[1] Born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the state of Alagoas) and nicknamed "The Iron Marshal" (Portuguese: o Marechal de ferro),[2] he was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term.
Election
Floriano Peixoto was an army marshal (he was promoted to this rank in 1874) when elected vice president in February 1891, he gained notoriety throughout his life for his strong abolitionist, anti-racist, and anti-corruption stance. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of generalissimo Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Floriano Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble, but his policies successfully put an end to the successive economic crises that had plagued the country since 1889 and in a short period of time the economy stabilized and grew again. As vice president, he had also served as the President of the Senate.[3]
Presidency
His government was marked by several revolutions and immense popular support. Floriano Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, with the use of strength during the same year to maintain territorial integrity.
His government was marked by an increased centralization of power, personalismo, republicanism, patriotism, nationalism, and for the fervent criticism of monarchy, with the "Florianista" ("Florianismo") cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.[4]
Legacy
He is often referred to as "The Consolidator of the Republic", "The Iron Marshal". He left the presidency on 15 November 1894.
Nossa Senhora do Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after the defeat of the federalist rebels in the city by the troops of Marshal Floriano Peixoto at the end of the Federalist Revolution.
References
- ^ Floriano Vieira Peixoto (in Portuguese)
- ^ "A República de Ferro". folha online (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ^ "República Velha (1889 - 1930)". Senado Federal (in Portuguese).
- ^ "Florianismo | Atlas Histórico do Brasil - FGV". atlas.fgv.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 19 May 2018.
External links
Media related to Floriano Peixoto at Wikimedia Commons
- 1839 births
- 1895 deaths
- People from Maceió
- Presidents of Brazil
- Vice presidents of Brazil
- Government ministers of Brazil
- Presidents of the Federal Senate (Brazil)
- Marshals of Brazil
- Brazilian Freemasons
- 19th-century Brazilian people
- Liberal Party (Brazil) politicians
- Candidates for President of Brazil
- Brazilian military personnel of the Paraguayan War
- Candidates for Vice President of Brazil