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teknopedia

Flag Counter
  2. World Encyclopedia
  3. Gyalsumdo language
Gyalsumdo language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gyalsumdo
ग्याल्सुस्दो
Native toNepal
Native speakers
200 (2011)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3gyo
Glottologgyal1236
ELPGyalsumdo

Gyalsumdo (ग्याल्सुस्दो) is a mostly undocumented Tibetic language spoken by an estimated 200 individuals of the Manang District in the Gandaki Zone of Nepal.[2][3] In January 2018 the language was added to ISO 639-3 under the code "gyo."[4]

Gyalsumdo is a tonal language; however in Gyalsumdo, unlike most other Central Tibetan languages, the word, rather than the syllable acts as the tone bearing unit. The language is reportedly closely related to the nearby Nubri and Tsum languages which share a large proportion of vocabulary.[2] Gyalsumdo is also described as being somewhat intelligible by speakers of Nar-Phu.[5]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]

There are 30 consonants in Gyalsumdo, which are summarized in the table below.

Labial Dental Post-
alveolar 		Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t ʈ c ⟨ky⟩ k
aspirated pʰ ⟨ph⟩ tʰ ⟨th⟩ ʈʰ ⟨ʈh⟩ cʰ ⟨khy⟩ kʰ ⟨kh⟩
voiced b d ɖ ɟ ⟨gy⟩ ɡ
Fricative voiceless s ɕ h
voiced z ʑ
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Rhotic voiceless r̥ ⟨rh⟩
voiced r
Lateral voiceless l̥ ⟨lh⟩
voiced l
Semivowel w j ⟨y⟩

Vowels

[edit]

There are five places of articulation for vowels.

Front Mid Back
High i   iː ⟨ii⟩ u   uː ⟨uu⟩
Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩   ɛː ⟨ee⟩ ɔ ⟨o⟩   ɔː ⟨oo⟩
Low a   aː ⟨aa⟩

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gyalsumdo at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ a b "Language Landscape". languagelandscape.org. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
  3. ^ "Preliminary documentation and description of Gyalsumdo, an undocumented Tibetan language of Manang, Nepal". Endangered Languages Archive at SOAS University of London.
  4. ^ "gyo | ISO 639-3". iso639-3.sil.org. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
  5. ^ Hildebrandt, Kristine (2015). "A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Languages of Manang, Nepal: Co-Existence and Endangerment". 14. Journal of Indigenous Nationalities.
Stub icon

This Sino-Tibetan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

Stub icon

This article about the culture of Nepal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gyalsumdo_language&oldid=1330598299"
Sunting pranala
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