Ensiklopedia Dunia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Layakha)

Laya
ལ་ཡ་ཁ་, layakha
Native to	Bhutan
Region	Laya Gewog, Gasa District; northern Punakha District; Lingzhi Gewog, Thimphu District
Ethnicity	Layap
Native speakers	1,100 (2003)^[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Tibeto-Kanauri (?) Bodish Tibetic Dzongkha–Lhokä Dzongkha Laya
Writing system	Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`lya`
Glottolog	`laya1253`

Laya (Dzongkha: ལ་ཡ་ཁ་, ལ་ཡག་ཁ་; Wylie: la-ya-kha, la-yag-kha)^[2] is a Tibetic variety spoken by indigenous Layaps inhabiting the high mountains of northwest Bhutan in the village of Laya, Gasa District. Speakers also inhabit the northern regions of Thimphu (Lingzhi Gewog) and Punakha Districts. Its speakers are ethnically related to the Tibetans. Most speakers live at an altitude of 3,850 metres (12,630 ft), just below the Tsendagang peak. Laya speakers are also called Bjop by the Bhutanese, sometimes considered a condescending term. There were 1,100 speakers of Laya in 2003.^[3]^[4]

Laya is a variety of Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan.^[5] There is a limited mutual intelligibility with Dzongkha, mostly in basic vocabulary and grammar.^[6]

References

^ Laya at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Dorji, C. T. (1997). An Introduction to Bhutanese Languages. Vikas. p. 25. ISBN 9788125904373. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
^ Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). Layakha (16 (online) ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-26. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Wangdi, Kencho (2003-11-04). "Laya: Not Quite a Hidden Land". Kuensel online. Archived from the original on 2003-12-07. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
^ van Driem, George; Tshering, Karma (1998). Dzongkha. Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region. Vol. 1. Research CNWS, School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies. p. 1. ISBN 90-5789-002-X. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
^ "Tribe – Layap". BBC online. 2006-05-01. Retrieved 2011-09-26.

Sino-Tibetan branches

Western Himalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)

West Himalayish
Tamangic
Newaric
- Newar
- Baram–Thangmi
Kiranti
Dhimalish
- Dhimal
- Toto
- Lhokpu
Lepcha

Greater Magaric	Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange

Eastern Himalayas
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)

Bodish
- Tibetic
- East Bodish
- Tshangla
- Basum
- Nam?
Gongduk
ʼOle
Tani
Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border

Karbi
Kuki-Chin
Mruic
- Mru
- Hkongso
Pyu
Taman

"Naga"	Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme
Sal	Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish

East and Southeast Asia

Sinitic
Bai
Tujia
Nungish
Karenic
Gong
Kathu
Cai–Long
- Caijia
- Longjia
- Luren

Burmo-Qiangic	Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish

Dubious (possible
isolates) (Arunachal)

Greater Siangic	Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon

Proposed groupings

Proto-languages

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

Bodic (Tibeto-Kanauri) languages

West Himalayish
(Kanauric)

Western

Kinnauric	Kinnauri Chitkuli Kinnauri Sunam
Lahaulic	Pattani Tinani

Eastern

Central	Bunan Rongpo Sunam Zhangzhung
Almora	Rangas Darmiya Byangsi Dhuleli Chaudangsi

Bodish

Tibetic

Central Tibetan

Amdo

Kham (Eastern)

Southern

Western

Ladakhi–Balti (Western Archaic)	Ladakhi Zangskari Changthang Purgi Balti
Lahuli–Spiti (Western Innovative)	Lahuli (Stod Bhoti) Spiti Bhoti Nyamkat Bhoti Kinnauri Tukpa

Sherpa-Jirel

Sherpa
Jirel

Kyirong–Kagate

Tshangla-East Bodish

Tshangla	Tshangla
East Bodish	Takpa Dzala Nyen Chali Bumthang Kheng Kurtöp Nupbi ʼOle

Basum

Basum

Tamangic

TGTM	Tamang Gurung Thakali Manang Chantyal
Ghale	Ghale Kutang
Kaike	Kaike

Languages of Bhutan

Sino-Tibetan

Bodish

Tibetic	Dzongkha Ngalong Laya Brokkat Brokpa Chocangacakha Khams Tibetan Lakha Sikkimese
East Bodish	Bumthang Kheng Kurtöp Nupbikha Chali Dakpa Dzala Nyenkha
Tshangla (Sharchop)