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Noteosuchus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Noteosuchus Temporal range: Early Triassic, 250 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Skeletal remains of Noteosuchus (A-E, G)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauromorpha
Order:	†Rhynchosauria
Genus:	†Noteosuchus Broom, 1925
Type species
†Noteosuchus colletti Watson, 1912

Noteosuchus is an extinct genus of basal rhynchosaur known from the earliest Triassic deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It was first named by David Meredith Seares Watson in 1912 and the type species is Eosuchus colletti.^[1]^[2] The generic name Eosuchus is preoccupied by the generic name of Eosuchus lerichei Dollo, 1907, a gavialoid crocodilian known from northern France.^[2]^[3] Thus, an alternative generic name, Noteosuchus, was proposed by Robert Broom in 1925. The generic name erected by Broom (1925) is a compound, meaning "Not Eosuchus",^[1] while "Eosuchus" is derived from the name of Eos, the goddess of the dawn in Greek mythology, and suchus, Latinized from the Greek souchos, an Egyptian crocodile god, thus meaning "dawn crocodile". The specific name, colletti, honors Mr. Collett for the discovery of the holotype and only known specimen.^[2]

Discovery

Noteosuchus is known solely from the holotype AM 3591, a well-preserved partial postcranial skeleton, missing the head, which is currently housed at the Albany Museum in South Africa. It was collected from a hill slope at Grassy Ridge locality, from the Katberg Formation of the Beaufort Group. This horizon belongs to the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, dating to the early Induan stage of the Early Triassic period. Thus, Noteosuchus represents the geologically oldest known rhynchosaur species.^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]

Classification

David M. Dilkes (1998) suggested that Noteosuchus colletti may be a junior synonym of Mesosuchus browni, and thus this species has been widely ignored since.^[6] However, Ezcurra, Scheyer and Butler (2014) noted that this synonymy was based only on generalized rhynchosaur plesiomorphic similarities rather than autapomorphies. They found this to be unlikely because the temporal gap between the two species spans most of the Early Triassic, as Mesosuchus is otherwise known only from the Middle Triassic. Additionally, their phylogenetic analysis recovered Noteosuchus and Mesosuchus in a polytomy with Howesia browni, a result which is inconsistent with such synonymy.^[5]

Noteosuchus in a cladogram based on Ezcurra et al. (2016):^[7]

Noteosuchus

Howesia

	Mariante rhynchosaur

	Stenaulorhynchus

Fodonyx

	Teyumbaita

	Hyperodapedon

References

^ ^a ^b ^c David Meredith Seares Watson (1912). "Eosuchus colletti, gen. et spec. nov". Records of the Albany Museum. 2: 298–299.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robert Broom (1925). "On the South African rhynchocephaloid reptile "Eosuchus" colletti, Watson". Records of the Albany Museum. 3: 300–306.
^ Delfino, M.; Piras, P.; Smith, T. (2005). "Anatomy and phylogeny of the gavialoid crocodylian Eosuchus lerichei from the Paleocene of Europe". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (3): 565–580.
^ Robert L. Carroll (1976). "Noteosuchus — the oldest known rhynchosaur". Annals of the South African Museum. 72 (3): 37–57.
^ ^a ^b Ezcurra, M. N. D.; Scheyer, T. M.; Butler, R. J. (2014). "The Origin and Early Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e89165. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...989165E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089165. PMC 3937355. PMID 24586565.
^ David M. Dilkes (1998). "The Early Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni and the interrelationships of basal archosauromorph reptiles". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 353 (1368): 501–541. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0225. PMC 1692244.
^ Martin D. Ezcurra; Felipe C. Montefeltro; Richard J. Butler (2016). "The Early Evolution of Rhynchosaurs" (PDF). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 3: 1–24. doi:10.3389/fevo.2015.00142. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-02-20.

Rhynchosauria

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Archosauromorpha
Clade: Crocopoda

Sauropsida

- see Sauropsida

Archosauromorpha

see Archosauromorpha
Rhynchosauria	see below↓

Rhynchosauria

Rhynchosauria

Rhynchosauridae

Bentonyx Eifelosaurus Fodonyx Langeronyx Rhynchosaurus
Stenaulorhynchinae	Ammorhynchus Brasinorhynchus Elorhynchus Mesodapedon Stenaulorhynchus
Hyperodapedontinae	Beesiiwo Hyperodapedon Isalorhynchus Macrocephalosaurus Oryctorhynchus Paradapedon Supradapedon Teyumbaita

Category

Geology of South Africa

Geological formations

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa

Palaeoarchaean	Bushveld Igneous Complex Fig Tree Formation Komatii Formation Moodies Group Onverwacht Group Transvaal Supergroup
Paleozoic	Carboniferous Dwyka Group Ganigobis Formation Devonian Bokkeveld Group Table Mountain Sandstone Permian Abrahamskraal Formation Balfour Formation Dwyka Group Ganigobis Formation Teekloof Formation Whitehill Formation Ordovician Soom Shale
Mesozoic	Cretaceous Uitenhage Group Buffelskloof Formation Enon Formation Kirkwood Formation Sundays River Formation Kalahari Deposits Jurassic Drakensberg Group Enon Formation Uitenhage Group Karoo Supergroup Beaufort Group Abrahamskraal Formation Balfour Formation Katberg Formation Middleton Formation Teekloof Formation Dwyka Group Ecca Group Whitehill Formation Stormberg Group Bushveld Sandstone Clarens Formation Elliot Formation Triassic Elliot Formation Katberg Formation Molteno Formation Normandien Formation
Cenozoic	Algoa Group

‎Tectonics and orogeny

Volcanism	List of volcanoes in South Africa Pilanesberg Pilanesberg Game Reserve Prince Edward Islands Diatremes Big Hole Finsch diamond mine Jagersfontein Mine Koffiefontein mine Barberton Greenstone Belt Drakensberg Karoo-Ferrar
Earthquakes	1620 Robben Island earthquake 1969 Tulbagh earthquake 2006 Mozambique earthquake 2014 Orkney earthquake
Impact craters	Kalkkop crater Morokweng impact structure Tswaing crater Vredefort impact structure
Meteorites	Bellsbank meteorite

‎Mineral deposits
Kimberlite Merensky Reef Witwatersrand Banket (mining term) Coal in South Africa Iron ore in Africa Platinum in Africa Titanium in Africa Uranium in Africa Minerals Council South Africa Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa) Department of Mineral Resources and Energy

Paleontology‎

Ordovician

Devonian

Carboniferous

Permian

Beaufort Group

Assemblages	Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone

Triassic

Assemblages	Cynognathus Assemblage Zone Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone

Jurassic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Nummulite

Neogene

Pleistocene

Other

Research and administration‎

Geologists	Hans Merensky
Paleontologists	Andrew Geddes Bain Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra Charles Kimberlin Brain Robert Broom Alfred Brown Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan H. Basil S. Cooke Alfred W. Crompton Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer Andre Keyser James Kitching John Talbot Robinson George William Stow Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker

Regional articles
Geology of Cape Town

Other
Pothole (geology) Steep structure Swazian

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