Turkestani long-eared bat

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Turkestani long-eared Bat
Conservation status
Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Chiroptera
Family:	Vespertilionidae
Genus:	Otonycteris
Species:	O. leucophaea
Binomial name
*Otonycteris leucophaea* (N. A. Severcov, 1873)
Synonyms
Plecotus leucophaea N. A. Severcov, 1873

The Turkestani long-eared bat (Otonycteris leucophaea) is a species of bat found in Asia. Though it was initially described in 1873 as a species, for many years it was considered synonymous with the desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris hemprichii. Recently, it was recognized as a distinct species once again.

Taxonomy

It was described by Russian explorer and naturalist Nikolaj Alekseevič Severcov in 1873, who named it Plecotus leucophaea. In 1925, its name was changed to Otonycteris leucophaea. Since its initial description, its taxonomic status has changed several times. Only recently was it revised to species-level again, in a paper published in 2010. The authors of the paper concluded that the genus Otonycteris, which was previously viewed as monotypic, actually consisted of two species: the desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris hemprichii, and the Turkestani long-eared bat, Otonycteris leucophaea. They drew this conclusion based on morphological and genetic differences between the two populations. Based on their reclassification, the desert long-eared bat is found in North Africa and the Middle East, while the Turkestani long-eared bat is found in Central Asia. The authors of the 2010 paper stated that there is a large amount of variation within the Turkestani long-eared bat, which they ascribed to three tentative, unnamed subspecies.^[2]

Description

Members of the genus Otonycteris are the largest vesper bats in their geographic range. It has a large skull with robust teeth. Its dental formula is 1.1.1.33.1.2.3 for a total of 30 teeth.^[3] Its forearm is 56.8–65.5 mm (2.24–2.58 in) long. It differs from the desert long-eared bat due to its smaller auditory bullae, longer snout, and less-curved baculum.^[2] From snout to tail, individuals are 119–130 mm (4.7–5.1 in) long. Its ears are 29.8–31.5 mm (1.17–1.24 in) long and 14.8–26.7 mm (0.58–1.05 in) wide. The tragus is 14.1–14.7 mm (0.56–0.58 in) long and 4.0–4.4 mm (0.16–0.17 in) wide.^[4]

Biology

It forages by gleaning arthropods from the ground. Prey items include scorpions, spiders, beetles, cockroaches and termites, grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids, and camel spiders.^[1]

Range and habitat

So far, it has been documented in several countries throughout Asia, including Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It is found at elevations from 300–1,500 m (980–4,920 ft) above sea level. Dry steppes and deserts are its preferred habitat.^[1]

Conservation

As it was only recently elevated to a species again and not much is known about it, the IUCN currently evaluates it as data deficient. Possible threats to this species include disturbance of their roosts by humans, and pesticide exposure from consuming affected insects.^[1] At least some of its habitat is protected where it occurs in the Parvand protected area in northeast Iran.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Benda, P. (2017). "Otonycteris leucophaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T85295233A85295274. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T85295233A85295274.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b Benda, P.; Gvoždík, V. (2010). "Taxonomy of the genus Otonycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Plecotini) as inferred from morphological and mtDNA data" (PDF). Acta Chiropterologica. 12 (1): 83–102. doi:10.3161/150811010x504617. S2CID 83969646.
^ Rosina, V. V. (2015). "First Neogene Otonycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Ukraine: its biostratigraphic and paleogeographic significance". Palaeovertebrata. 39 (e2). doi:10.18563/pv.39.1.e2.
^ ^a ^b Ashrafi, S.; Zarrintab, M.; Eagderi, S. (2016). "A new locality record for the Desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris leucophaea (Severcov, 1873) in Iran". Acta Biologica Turcica. 29 (1): 35–37.

v t e Species of subfamily Vespertilioninae
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Chiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae
Aeorestes	Hoary bat (A. cinereus) Big red bat (A. egregius) Hawaiian hoary bat (A. semotus) A. villosissimus
Afronycteris	Heller's serotine (A. helios) Banana serotine(A. nanus)
Antrozous	Pallid bat (A. pallidus)
Arielulus	Collared pipistrelle (A. aureocollaris) Black-gilded pipistrelle (A. circumdatus) Coppery pipistrelle (A. cuprosus) Social pipistrelle (A. societatis) Necklace pipistrelle (A. torquatus)
Barbastella	Western barbastelle (B. barbastellus) Beijing barbastelle (B. beijingensis) Eastern barbastelle (B. darjelingensis) Asian barbastelle (B. leucomelas)
Bauerus	Van Gelder's bat (B. dubiaquercus)
Chalinolobus	Large-eared pied bat (C. dwyeri) Gould's wattled bat (C. gouldii) Chocolate wattled bat (C. morio) New Caledonia wattled bat (C. neocaledonicus) Hoary wattled bat (C. nigrogriseus) Little pied bat (C. picatus) New Zealand long-tailed bat (C. tuberculatus)
Corynorhinus	Mexican big-eared bat (C. mexicanus) Rafinesque's big-eared bat (C. rafinesquii) Townsend's big-eared bat (C. townsendii)
Dasypterus	Southern yellow bat (D. ega) Cuban yellow bat (D. insularis) Northern yellow bat (D. intermedius) Western yellow bat (D. xanthinus)
Eptesicus	E. anatolicus Little black serotine (E. andinus) Bobrinski's serotine (E. bobrinskoi) Botta's serotine (E. bottae) Brazilian brown bat (E. brasiliensis) E. chiriquinus Diminutive serotine (E. diminutus) Surat serotine (E. dimissus) Horn-skinned bat (E. floweri) Argentine brown bat (E. furinalis) Big brown bat (E. fuscus) Gobi big brown bat (E. gobiensis) Guadeloupe big brown bat (E. guadeloupensis) Long-tailed house bat (E. hottentotus) Harmless serotine (E. innoxius) E. isabellinus E. japonensis Kobayashi's bat (E. kobayashii) E. lobatus Sind bat (E. nasutus) Northern bat (E. nilssonii) E. ognevi E. pachyomus Thick-eared bat (E. pachyotis) Lagos serotine (E. platyops) Serotine bat (E. serotinus) E. taddeii Sombre bat (E. tatei)
Euderma	Spotted bat (E. maculatum)
Eudiscopus	Disk-footed bat (E. denticulus)
Falsistrellus	Chocolate pipistrelle (F. affinis) Western false pipistrelle (F. mackenziei) Pungent pipistrelle (F. mordax) Peters's pipistrelle (F. petersi) Eastern false pipistrelle (F. tasmaniensis)
Glauconycteris	Allen's striped bat (G. alboguttata) Silvered bat (G. argentata) Beatrix's bat (G. beatrix) Curry's bat (G. curryae) Bibundi bat (G. egeria) Glen's wattled bat (G. gleni) Allen's spotted bat (G. humeralis) Kenyan wattled bat (G. kenyacola) Machado's butterfly bat (G. machadoi) Abo bat (G. poensis) Variegated butterfly bat (G. variegata)
Glischropus	G. aquilus G. bucephalus Javan thick-thumbed bat (G. javanus) Common thick-thumbed bat (G. tylopus)
Hesperoptenus	Blanford's bat (H. blanfordi) False serotine bat (H. doriae) Gaskell's false serotine (H. gaskelli) Tickell's bat (H. tickelli) Large false serotine (H. tomesi)
Histiotus	Strange big-eared brown bat (H. alienus) H. diaphanopterus Humboldt big-eared brown bat (H. humboldti) Thomas's big-eared brown bat (H. laephotis) Big-eared brown bat (H. macrotus) Southern big-eared brown bat (H. magellanicus) Small big-eared brown bat (H. montanus) Tropical big-eared brown bat (H. velatus)
Hypsugo	H. alaschanicus H. anthonyi Arabian pipistrelle (H. arabicus) Desert pipistrelle (H. ariel) H. bemainty Cadorna's pipistrelle (H. cadornae) Broad-headed pipistrelle (H. crassulus) Long-toothed pipistrelle (H. dolichodon) Eisentraut's pipistrelle (H. eisentrauti) Brown pipistrelle (H. imbricatus) Joffre's pipistrelle (H. joffrei) Red-brown pipistrelle (H. kitcheneri) Lanza's pipistrelle (H. lanzai) Burma pipistrelle (H. lophurus) Big-eared pipistrelle (H. macrotis) Mouselike pipistrelle (H. musciculus) Chinese pipistrelle (H. pulveratus) Savi's pipistrelle (H. savii) Vordermann's pipistrelle (H. vordermanni)
Ia	Great evening bat (I. io)
Idionycteris	Allen's big-eared bat (I. phyllotis)
Laephotis	Angolan long-eared bat (L. angolensis) Botswanan long-eared bat (L. botswanae) Namib long-eared bat (L. namibensis) De Winton's long-eared bat (L. wintoni)
Lasionycteris	Silver-haired bat (L. noctivagans)
Lasiurus	L. arequipae L. atratus Desert red bat (L. blossevillii) Eastern red bat (L. borealis) Tacarcuna bat (L. castaneus) Jamaican red bat (L. degelidus) Hairy-tailed bat (L. ebenus) Western red bat (L. frantzii)) Minor red bat (L. minor) Pfeiffer's red bat (L. pfeifferi) Saline red bat (L. salinae) Seminole bat (L. seminolus) Cinnamon red bat (L. varius)
Mimetillus	Moloney's mimic bat (M. moloneyi)
Neoromicia	Dark-brown serotine (N. brunnea) Cape serotine (N. capensis) Yellow serotine (N. flavescens) N. grandidieri Tiny serotine (N. guineensis) N. isabella Isalo serotine (N. malagasyensis) Malagasy serotine (N. matroka) Melck's house bat (N. melckorum) Rendall's serotine (N. rendalli) N. robertsi Rosevear's serotine (N. roseveari) Somali serotine (N. somalica) N. stanleyi White-winged serotine (N. tenuipinnis) Zulu serotine (N. zuluensis)
Niumbaha	Pied bat (N. superba)
Nyctalus	Birdlike noctule (N. aviator) Azores noctule (N. azoreum) Nyctalus furvus (N. furvus) Greater noctule bat (N. lasiopterus) Lesser noctule (N. leisleri) Mountain noctule (N. montanus) Common noctule (N. noctula) Chinese noctule (N. plancyi)
Nycticeinops	Schlieffen's bat (N. schlieffeni)
Nycticeius	Temminck's mysterious bat (N. aenobarbus) Cuban evening bat (N. cubanus) Evening bat (N. humeralis)
Nyctophilus	Northern long-eared bat (N. arnhemensis) Eastern long-eared bat (N. bifax) N. corbeni N. daedalus Lesser long-eared bat (N. geoffroyi) Gould's long-eared bat (N. gouldi) Sunda long-eared bat (N. heran) Lord Howe long-eared bat (N. howensis) N. major Small-toothed long-eared bat (N. microdon) New Guinea long-eared bat (N. microtis) New Caledonian long-eared bat (N. nebulosus) Tasmanian long-eared bat (N. sherrini) Mount Missim long-eared bat (N. shirleyae) Greater long-eared bat (N. timoriensis) Pygmy long-eared bat (N. walkeri)
Otonycteris	Desert long-eared bat (O. hemprichii) Otonycteris leucophaea (O. leucophaea)
Parastrellus	Western pipistrelle (P. hesperus)
Perimyotis	Eastern pipistrelle (P. subflavus)
Pharotis	New Guinea big-eared bat (P. imogene)
Philetor	Rohu's bat (P. brachypterus)
Pipistrellus	Japanese house bat (P. abramus) Forest pipistrelle (P. adamsi) Mount Gargues pipistrelle (P. aero) Anchieta's pipistrelle (P. anchietae) Angulate pipistrelle (P. angulatus) Kelaart's pipistrelle (P. ceylonicus) Greater Papuan pipistrelle (P. collinus) Indian pipistrelle (P. coromandra) P. dhofarensis Egyptian pipistrelle (P. deserti) Endo's pipistrelle (P. endoi) P. hanaki Dusky pipistrelle (P. hesperidus) Aellen's pipistrelle (P. inexspectatus) Java pipistrelle (P. javanicus) Kuhl's pipistrelle (P. kuhlii) Madeira pipistrelle (P. maderensis) Minahassa pipistrelle (P. minahassae) Christmas Island pipistrelle (P. murrayi) Tiny pipistrelle (P. nanulus) Nathusius's pipistrelle (P. nathusii) Lesser Papuan pipistrelle (P. papuanus) Mount Popa pipistrelle (P. paterculus) Dar es Salaam pipistrelle (P. permixtus) Common pipistrelle (P. pipistrellus) Soprano pipistrelle (P. pygmaeus) P. raceyi Rüppell's pipistrelle (P. rueppellii) Rusty pipistrelle (P. rusticus) Narrow-winged pipistrelle (P. stenopterus) Sturdee's pipistrelle (P. sturdeei) Least pipistrelle (P. tenuis) Watts's pipistrelle (P. wattsi) Northern pipistrelle (P. westralis)
Plecotus	P. ariel Brown long-eared bat (P. auritus) Grey long-eared bat (P. austriacus) Ethiopian big-eared bat (P. balensis) P. begognae Christie's big-eared bat (P. christiei) P. gaisleri P. homochrous Kolombatovic's long-eared bat (P. kolombatovici) P. kozlovi Alpine long-eared bat (P. macrobullaris) Ognev's long-eared bat (P. ognevi) Japanese long-eared bat (P. sacrimontis) Sardinian long-eared bat (P. sardus) P. strelkovi Taiwan big-eared bat (P. taivanus) Canary big-eared bat (P. teneriffae) P. turkmenicus P. wardi
Rhogeessa	Yucatan yellow bat (R. aeneus) Allen's yellow bat (R. alleni) Bickham's little yellow bat (R. bickhami) Genoways's yellow bat (R. genowaysi) Slender yellow bat (R. gracilis) Husson's yellow bat (R. hussoni) Thomas's yellow bat (R. io) Menchu's little yellow bat (R. menchuae) Tiny yellow bat (R. minutilla) Least yellow bat (R. mira) Little yellow bat (R. parvula) Black-winged little yellow bat (R. tumida) R. velilla
Scoteanax	Rüppell's broad-nosed bat (S. rueppellii)
Scotoecus	White-bellied lesser house bat (S. albigula) Light-winged lesser house bat (S. albofuscus) Hinde's lesser house bat (S. hindei) Dark-winged lesser house bat (S. hirundo) Desert yellow bat (S. pallidus)
Scotomanes	Harlequin bat (S. ornatus)
Scotophilus	S. alvenslebeni Andrew Rebori's house bat (S. andrewreborii) Lesser yellow bat (S. borbonicus) Sulawesi yellow bat (S. celebensis) Sody's yellow house bat (S. collinus) African yellow bat (S. dinganii) Ejeta's house bat (S. ejetai) Greater Asiatic yellow bat (S. heathii) Lesser Asiatic yellow bat (S. kuhlii) White-bellied yellow bat (S. leucogaster) Livingstone's house bat (S. livingstonii) Marovaza house bat (S. marovaza) Schreber's yellow bat (S. nigrita) S. nigritellus Robbins's yellow bat (S. nucella) Nut-colored yellow bat (S. nux) Robust yellow bat (S. robustus) S. tandrefana Trujillo’s house bat (S. trujilloi) Greenish yellow bat (S. viridis)
Scotorepens	Inland broad-nosed bat (S. balstoni) Little broad-nosed bat (S. greyii) Eastern broad-nosed bat (S. orion) Northern broad-nosed bat (S. sanborni)
Scotozous	Dormer's bat (S. dormeri)
Tylonycteris	T. fulvida T. malayana Lesser bamboo bat (T. pachypus) Pygmy bamboo bat (T. pygmaeus) Greater bamboo bat (T. robustula) T. tonkinensis
Vespadelus	Inland forest bat (V. baverstocki) Northern cave bat (V. caurinus) Large forest bat (V. darlingtoni) Yellow-lipped bat (V. douglasorum) Finlayson's cave bat (V. finlaysoni) Eastern forest bat (V. pumilus) Southern forest bat (V. regulus) Eastern cave bat (V. troughtoni) Little forest bat (V. vulturnus)
Vespertilio	Parti-coloured bat (V. murinus) Asian particolored bat (V. sinensis)

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