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Procaterol
Clinical data

Trade names	Meptin, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Routes of administration	Oral (tablets, syrup), inhalation (DPI)
ATC code	R03AC16 (WHO) R03CC08 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (±)-(1R,2S)-rel-8-Hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)butyl]-quinolin-2(1H)-one
CAS Number	72332-33-3^Y HCl: 59828-07-8^Y
PubChem CID	4916
ChemSpider	599984^N
UNII	X7I3EMM5K0 HCl: 4VD1BRT7T8^Y
KEGG	D08424^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5045673
ECHA InfoCard	100.069.606
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₆H₂₂N₂O₃
Molar mass	290.363 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Chirality	Racemic mixture
SMILES CC(C)NC(CC)C(O)c2ccc(O)c1NC(=O)C=Cc12
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Procaterol is an intermediate-acting^{[citation needed]} β₂ adrenoreceptor agonist used for the treatment of asthma. It has never been filed for FDA evaluation in the United States, where it is not marketed. The drug is readily oxidized in the presence of moisture and air, making it unsuitable for therapeutic use by inhalation.^[1] Pharmaceutical company Parke-Davis/Warner-Lambert researched a stabilizer to prevent oxidation, but an effective one was never developed.^[1]

It was patented in 1974 and came into medical use in 1980.^[2]

Synthesis

Like pirbuterol, procaterol exhibits similar broncholytic properties as salbutamol (albuterol), but it has somewhat of a more prolonged action. It is recommended for use as an inhaled drug for treating asthma.

8-Hydroxycarbostyril 1 is acylated with 2-bromobutyric acid chloride 2 at the fifth position of the quinoline system, which gives the compound 3. This undergoes action of isopropylamine, forming an aminoketone, the carbonyl group of which is reduced by sodium borohydride, giving procaterol 4.

Names

It is also known as procaterol hydrochloride (USAN).

Procaterol is available under a number of trade names (Onsukil, Masacin, Procadil and others), the most common seems to be Meptin ((KR), (CN), (ID), (MY), (PH), (SG), (TH), (HK)).^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b US 4616022, Ghebre-sellassie I, Nesbitt Jr RU, "Procaterol stabilization", published 1984, issued 1986, assigned to Warner Lambert Co LLC
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 543. ISBN 9783527607495.
^ US 4026897, Nakagawa K, Yoshizaki S, "5-[1-Hydroxy-2-(substituted-amino)]alkyl-8-hydroxycarbostyril derivatives", issued 31 May 1977, assigned to Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
^ Yoshizaki S, Osaki M, Nakagawa K, Yamura Y (November 1980). "Synthesis of 8-hydroxycarbostyril". Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 28 (11): 3441–3443. doi:10.1248/cpb.28.3441.
^ Yoshizaki S, Tanimura K, Tamada S, Yabuuchi Y, Nakagawa K (September 1976). "Sympathomimetic amines having a carbostyril nucleus". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 19 (9): 1138–1142. doi:10.1021/jm00231a011. PMID 10441.
^ Yoshizaki S, Manabe Y, Tamada S, Nakagawa K, Tei S (August 1977). "Isomers of erythro-5-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril, a new bronchodilator". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (8): 1103–1104. doi:10.1021/jm00218a024. PMID 894683.
^ "International Drugs: Procaterol". Drugs.com. Retrieved 7 March 2016.

Adrenergic receptor modulators

α₁

Agonists

Antagonists

Abanoquil
Ajmalicine
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Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., brexpiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone)
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Trimazosin
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Urapidil
WB-4101
Zolertine

α₂

Agonists

Antagonists

1-PP
Adimolol
Amesergide
Aptazapine
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BRL-44408
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Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, loxapine, thioridazine)
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Agonists

Abediterol
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Bitolterol
Broxaterol
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Cimaterol
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PF-610355
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Terbutaline
Tretoquinol
Tulobuterol
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Vilanterol
Xamoterol
XP21279
Zilpaterol
Zinterol

Antagonists

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators
Dopaminergics
Serotonergics
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
Monoamine releasing agents
Monoamine metabolism modulators
Monoamine neurotoxins

Drugs for obstructive airway diseases: asthma/COPD (R03)

Adrenergics, inhalants

Short-acting β₂ agonists	Bitolterol Carbuterol Fenoterol Isoetarine Pirbuterol Procaterol Reproterol Rimiterol Salbutamol (albuterol)^#/Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol) Terbutaline Tulobuterol
Long-acting β₂ agonists	Bambuterol Clenbuterol Formoterol/Arformoterol Salmeterol
Ultra-long-acting β₂ agonists	Abediterol Carmoterol Indacaterol Olodaterol Vilanterol
Other	Clorprenaline Ephedrine (+theophylline, +theophylline/phenobarbital, theophylline/hydroxyzine) Epinephrine^# Etafedrine Hexoprenaline Isoprenaline (isoproterenol) Methylephedrine Orciprenaline (metaproterenol) Racephedrine

Glucocorticoids

Anticholinergics/
muscarinic antagonist

Mast cell stabilizers

Xanthines

Eicosanoid inhibition

Leukotriene antagonists	Montelukast Pranlukast Zafirlukast
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors	Zileuton
Thromboxane receptor antagonists	Ramatroban Seratrodast
Non-xanthine PDE4 inhibitors	Ibudilast Roflumilast

Others/unknown

Combination products

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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